Deck 19: Respiratory System

Question 1

Which of the following bones does not house a sinus?

A)Maxillary
B)Frontal
C)Sphenoid
D)Zygomatic

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The intensity (volume)of a vocal sound is a result of the

A)force of air passing over the vocal cords.
B)tension on the vocal cords.
C)size of the laryngeal cartilage.
D)shape of the laryngeal cartilage.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Arielle is an 8-year-old with cystic fibrosis.For 30 minutes each morning and evening,a parent holds her body in various positions and massages and kneads the areas over her lungs to dislodge the abundant,sticky mucus,which Arielle spits into a jar.She also takes medication - an enzyme - that thins the mucus.If she didn't take these measures,the mucus in her lungs would most likely increase her risk of

A)cancer.
B)emphysema.
C)infection.
D)asthma.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

As the respiratory tube branches become smaller in diameter,

A)they have increased cartilage.
B)they have increased muscle fibers.
C)the epithelial lining changes to connective tissue.
D)the epithelial lining changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to cuboidal and simple squamous epithelium.

Question 5

The force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the

A)diaphragm.
B)external intercostal muscles.
C)elastic recoil of tissues and surface tension.
D)contraction of smooth muscles in air passages.

Question 6

A flashlight placed just below the eyebrow in a darkened room illuminates the

A)frontal sinus.
B)maxillary sinus.
C)sphenoid sinus.
D)ethmoid sinus.

Question 7

The right lung has ______ lobes;the left lung has ______ lobes.

A)superior,middle,and inferior;superior and inferior
B)superior and inferior;superior;middle,and inferior
C)anterior,posterior,and lateral;superior and inferior
D)superior,middle,and inferior;anterior and posterior

Question 8

Respiration is

A)breathing.
B)making ATP.
C)the entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells.
D)circulating blood to tissues.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a function of the mucus-covered nasal passages?

A)Warming inspired air
B)Moistening inspired air
C)Entrapping small particles
D)Cooling exhaled air

Question 10

The events of respiration are

A)inhaling and exhaling.
B)ventilation,external and internal respiration,and cellular respiration.
C)inflating and deflating alveoli.
D)delivering carbon dioxide to cells and removing oxygen from cells.

Question 11

Which of these laryngeal cartilages is single?

A)Cricoid
B)Arytenoid
C)Corniculate
D)Cuneiform

Question 12

The vocal cords are in the

A)pharynx.
B)larynx.
C)trachea.
D)oral cavity.

Question 13

Laryngitis is a potentially dangerous condition because it may

A)obstruct the esophagus.
B)obstruct the airway.
C)press on the thyroid gland.
D)cause inner ear infection.

Question 14

The trachea

A)is lined with a ciliated mucous membrane.
B)includes 20 C-shaped cartilage rings.
C)is a passageway for air.
D)is all of the above.

Question 15

Breathing functions to

A)deliver oxygen to cells,where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of carbon dioxide,which maintains the pH of the internal environment.
B)inflate the lungs,which forces oxygen molecules into the bloodstream.
C)deliver carbon dioxide to cells,where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of oxygen,which maintains the pH of the internal environment.
D)deliver oxygen to cells,where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from waste molecules.

Question 16

The procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called

A)bronchoscopy.
B)tracheostomy.
C)tracheotomy.
D)laryngectomy.

Question 17

The pharynx functions as a ______,whereas the larynx functions as a ______.

A)common passage for air and food;passageway for food only
B)passageway for air only;passageway for air and food
C)common passageway for air and food;passageway for air only
D)passageway for food only,passageway for air and food

Question 18

The force that moves air into the lungs during inspiration comes from the

A)diaphragm.
B)external intercostal muscles.
C)abdominal wall muscles.
D)atmospheric pressure.

Question 19

The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the

A)force of the air passing over the vocal cords.
B)tension on the vocal cords.
C)size of the laryngeal cartilages.
D)shape of the laryngeal cartilages.

Question 20

The mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity

A)warms incoming air.
B)moistens incoming air.
C)entraps dust.
D)all of the above.

Question 21

The volume of air that enters the lungs during forced maximal inspiration is the

A)inspiratory reserve volume.
B)expiratory reserve volume.
C)vital capacity.
D)tidal volume.

Question 22

Of the respiratory air volumes listed,which one has the largest volume?

A)Expiratory reserve volume
B)Inspiratory reserve volume
C)Vital capacity
D)Tidal volume

Question 23

The first event in expiration is

A)inter-alveolar pressure increases.
B)elastic tissues of the lungs,thoracic cage,and abdominal organs recoil.
C)air is squeezed out of the lungs.
D)the diaphragm and external intercostal respiratory muscles relax.

Question 24

Which of the following factors does not directly affect breathing rate?

A)Partial pressure of oxygen in body fluids.
B)Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in body fluids.
C)Degree of lung tissue stretch
D)pH

Question 25

Which of the following is important in maintaining the pH of blood?

A)Oxygen
B)Phosphate
C)Carbon dioxide
D)Nitrogen

Question 26

Respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is caused by

A)lack of surfactant.
B)lack of a respiratory membrane.
C)low oxygen concentration.
D)high oxygen concentration.

Question 27

Baby Timothy suffers from apnea and is hooked up to a monitor to warn his parents when he stops breathing.Timothy's dad snores very loudly.Timothy's condition differs from his father's in that infant apnea is

A)due to airway obstruction.
B)a result of decreased surfactant.
C)a central problem of respiratory control.
D)treated by strapping a device onto the nose at night.

Question 28

Air entering the potential space of the pleural cavity is called

A)pneumoniA.
B)pneumothorax.
C)pulmonary ventilation.
D)internal respiration.

Question 29

The first event in inspiration is

A)the diaphragm moves downward and the external intercostal muscles contract.
B)atmospheric pressure forces air into the respiratory tract.
C)decreased intra-alveolar pressure.
D)lung inflation.

Question 30

The volume of air that enters (or leaves)during a single respiratory cycle is the

A)inspiratory reserve volume.
B)vital capacity.
C)tidal volume.
D)expiratory reserve volume.

Question 31

The partial pressure of oxygen that stimulates the respiratory areas is ___ of normal.

A)33%
B)50%
C)67%
D)80%

Question 32

Oxygen plays a minor role in control of normal respiration because

A)oxygenated blood is < 95% saturated.
B)deoxygenated venous blood is < 5% saturated.
C)oxygenated blood is more sensitive to CO₂.
D)deoxygenated venous blood is 75% saturateD.

Question 33

A simple spirometer cannot measure which of the following air volumes?

A)Tidal volume
B)Vital capacity
C)Residual volume
D)Expiratory reserve volume

Question 34

The visceral and parietal pleural membranes are normally held together by

A)loose connective tissue.
B)dense connective tissue.
C)a thin film of serous fluid.
D)surfactant.

Question 35

The respiratory control areas are in the

A)cerebral cortex.
B)pons and medulla oblongata.
C)alveoli.
D)hypothalamus and hippocampus.

Question 36

A sudden inspiration caused by a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed is a

A)yawn.
B)laugh.
C)sneeze.
D)hiccup.

Question 37

The inverse relationship between pressure and volume is known as

A)Dalton's law.
B)Newton's law.
C)Boyle's law.
D)Starlings's law.

Question 38

"I'm going to hold my breath until I turn blue and stop breathing and die and it will be all your fault!" shrieked the 6-year-old at her father.The child was unable to carry out her threat because

A)she never stopped talking long enough to try to hold her breath.
B)increased CO₂ and hydrogen ion concentration and decreased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors.
C)decreased CO₂ and hydrogen ion concentration and increased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors.
D)she could not take in enough oxygen.

Question 39

The ventral part of the medulla oblongata near the origin of the vagus nerve has

A)baroreceptors
B)mechanoreceptors
C)central chemoreceptors
D)peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 40

Peripheral receptors stimulate the respiratory areas resulting in

A)increased respiratory rate.
B)decreased respiratory rate.
C)respiratory collapse.
D)passive exhalation.

Question 41

Exposure to secondhand smoke increases risk of

A)damage to the smooth endothelial lining of blood vessels.
B)platelet activation
C)abnormal blood clotting.
D)all of the above.

Question 42

The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood concentration of

A)carbon dioxide.
B)hydrogen ions.
C)oxygen.
D)bicarbonate ions.

Question 43

The walls of the alveoli are composed of

A)ciliated columnar epithelium.
B)simple squamous epithelium.
C)stratified squamous epithelium.
D)areolar connective tissue.

Question 44

Police stop Richard for driving erratically at 3 AM and give him a breathalyzer test,which he fails miserably because of

A)the thinness of his respiratory membranes.
B)the thickness of his respiratory membranes.
C)the excellent condition of his alveoli.
D)excess surfactant secreted in response to alcohol.

Question 45

Increasing blood concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions have similar effects upon the respiratory areas due to

A)their similarity in chemical structure,inhibiting the respiratory rate.
B)both chemically bonding,decreasing the respiratory rate.
C)an increase in carbon dioxide,increasing hydrogen ions.
D)both increasing pH and inhibiting the respiratory areas.

Question 46

Alveoli are kept clean by the action of

A)surfactant.
B)antibodies.
C)macrophages.
D)platelets.

Question 47

Exposure to secondhand smoke can cause or increase risk of

A)high altitude sickness and sleep apneA.
B)heart disease,lung cancer,and low birth weight.
C)pneumonia and tuberculosis.
D)sarcoidosis,multiple sclerosis,and vasculitis

Question 48

Which of the following proteins transports some carbon dioxide in the blood?

A)Hemoglobin
B)Carbonic anhydrase
C)Heme
D)Albumin

Question 49

Hyperventilation is usually accompanied by a(n)

A)decrease in blood CO₂ concentration and a drop in pH.
B)decrease in blood CO₂ concentration and a rise in pH.
C)increase in blood CO₂ concentration and a drop in pH.
D)increase in blood CO₂ concentration and a rise in pH.

Question 50

Cancer that originates in the lungs is most likely to begin in

A)epithelial cells.
B)smooth muscle cells.
C)dense connective tissue cells.
D)hyaline cartilage cells.

Question 51

The chloride shift

A)maintains the ionic balance between the red blood cells and the plasmA.
B)inflates alveoli while decreasing oxygen delivery to tissues.
C)replaces carbonic anhydrase.
D)regulates the amount of salt in the large intestine compared to the small intestine.

Question 52

The respiratory membrane consists of

A)a single thickness of epithelial cells.
B)a single thickness of epithelial cells and a basement membrane.
C)two thicknesses of epithelial cells.
D)two thicknesses of epithelial cells and basement membranes.

Question 53

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes

A)carbon dioxide to react with water.
B)carbon dioxide to react with bicarbonate ions.
C)water to react with bicarbonate ions.
D)water to react with hydrogen ions.

Question 54

A mother and two young children are found passed out in their apartment,where a space heater is on.Emergency medical technicians suspect carbon monoxide poisoning,so they give the patients

A)nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
B)highly concentrated oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
C)surfactant.
D)blood transfusions.

Question 55

Globin is

A)another term for alveolus.
B)a fat that carries oxygen in the blood.
C)a form of surfactant.
D)the protein part of hemoglobin,which carries oxygen in the blooD.

Question 56

Carbon dioxide is sometimes added to the air that a patient breathes in order to

A)increase the rate and decrease the depth of breathing.
B)increase the rate and depth of breathing.
C)decrease the rate and increase the depth of breathing.
D)decrease the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 57

The amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin increases when

A)carbon dioxide concentration decreases.
B)carbon dioxide concentration increases.
C)temperature decreases.
D)blood becomes more alkaline.

Question 58

Max works out about an hour every day,using aerobic machines at a gym.During his moderate physical exercise,blood concentrations of

A)oxygen and carbon dioxide increase.
B)oxygen and carbon dioxide remain nearly unchanged.
C)oxygen decrease and carbon dioxide increase.
D)oxygen increase and carbon dioxide decrease.

Question 59

In bronchopulmonary dysplasia,the lungs of newborns become inflamed and scarred.Most infants recover,but some die.An experimental treatment cultures stem cells from a newborn's umbilical cord.The stem cells,in a lab dish,give rise to type II cells,which in turn give rise to more type I cells.In this treatment

A)the type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells form the respiratory membrane.
B)the type II cells secrete surfactant and the type I cells form the respiratory membrane.
C)both type I and type II cells produce surfactant.
D)the stem cells directly replace alveoli.

Question 60

Changes in the respiratory system that accompany aging are

A)thickened mucus.
B)slowed swallowing reflex.
C)cilia become less active or vanish.
D)all of the above.

Question 61

During an asthma attack,the patient usually finds it most difficult to

A)exhale.
B)inhale.
C)contract the respiratory muscles.
D)expand the lungs.

Question 62

Breathing rate increases during exercise due to

A)signals from the cerebral cortex to the respiratory areas when it also signals skeletal muscles to contract.
B)stimulation of the respiratory areas by decreasing blood concentration of oxygen and increasing blood concentration of carbon dioxide.
C)a joint reflex.
D)all of the above.

Question 63

Atelectasis is

A)a collapsed bronchial tube.
B)a deviated septum.
C)a collapsed lung.
D)a shrunken liver.

Question 64

In October 2001 at the site of the World Trade Center in New York City,fires were still burning from the terrorist attacks that had brought down the buildings.The greatest danger to the respiratory system was

A)the odor.
B)very small particles of debris.
C)very large particles of debris.
D)falling material from damaged buildings.

Question 65

In emphysema

A)pressure in alveoli increases and their walls burst,coalescing them and decreasing the surface area for gas exchange.
B)cells in the bronchial lining divide too fast.
C)tar from cigarettes blackens alveoli.
D)membranes form within alveoli,increasing surface area.

Question 66

Another word for breathing is ventilation.

Question 67

At high altitudes,when capillary pressure becomes too high,

A)fluid filters out of the blood and collects in the alveoli (pulmonary edema).
B)blood pressure decreases.
C)decreased breathing and heart rates.
D)blood pH increases to pathologic levels.

Question 68

In tuberculosis

A)an obstruction blocks airflow to alveoli,which collapse,deflating part or all of a lung.
B)a viral infection increases fluid in the lung.
C)alveoli collapse after near-drowning.
D)fibrous connective tissue forms around the sites of bacterial infection.

Question 69

Smokers are more susceptible to respiratory infections because

A)they congregate in small areas to smoke.
B)their respiratory passages overproduce cilia,to which bacteria cling.
C)their respiratory passages lose cilia,which would otherwise remove bacteria.
D)the respiratory passages have too little mucus.

Question 70

A disorder seen in people who work in factories that package buttered popcorn,caused by inhaling organic dust,is

A)emphysema
B)extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
C)berylliosis
D)asbestosis.

Question 71

Bronchial asthma is usually caused by

A)an injury to the respiratory areas.
B)coalescing alveoli.
C)an allergy.
D)paralysis of breathing muscles.

Question 72

The left lung is larger than the right lung and is divided into three lobes.

Question 73

The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords.

Question 74

Emphysema results in

A)a decrease in the total surface area of the respiratory membrane.
B)loss of alveolar wall elasticity.
C)diminishment in the number of respiratory capillaries.
D)all of the above.

Question 75

The hypoxia associated with high altitude can cause

A)vasodilation of the major arterial blood vessels.
B)vasoconstriction of the pulmonary blood vessels.
C)vasoconstriction of the coronary blood vessels.
D)vasodilation of the major venous blood vessels.

Question 76

The organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the thorax.

Question 77

Cellular respiration enables cells to harness the energy from oxygen.

Question 78

Pneumonia can be caused by

A)bacteria,viruses,or fungi.
B)viruses only.
C)fungi only.
D)bacteria only.

Question 79

The pectoralis minors and the sternocleidomastoid are useful in aiding forced expiration.

Question 80

The pharynx is an enlargement at the top of the trachea that houses the vocal cords.