Deck 8: Supporting Ideas and Building Arguments

Question 1

An expert is someone who:

A)can answer questions from an outspoken audience member.
B)does research on television in an audience-friendly format.
C)has achieved recognized qualifications in a particular field.
D)is a celebrity spokesperson about a particular social issue.
E)is well known to the general public as a vocal commentator.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In public speaking,support is used for:

A)creating the perception that the speaker is very knowledgeable.
B)developing the central idea and providing corroborating evidence.
C)exposing listeners to every kind of evidence related to the topic.
D)generating a positive relationship between the speaker and his or her listeners.
E)making it impossible for listeners to disagree with the speaker.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What are the four criteria for evaluating source options?

Answer 3

Accuracy,authority,currency,and objectivity

Question 4

A source can be trusted if nobody identifies her- or himself as the author.

Question 5

The currency of support sources is important when:

A)audience members only care about new information.
B)the field is developing new knowledge very quickly.
C)listeners resent a rehash of the same old information.
D)an older speaker must show that he or she is up to date.
E)a speaker must demonstrate his or her involvement.

Question 6

_________________ refers to a speaker's ability to present information in a striking way.

Question 7

A speaker is credible to an audience when he or she:

A)addresses urgent audience concerns.
B)redefines all concepts in plain English.
C)says how much time went into research.
D)seems knowledgeable and prepared.
E)uses quotations from famous people.

Question 8

Vividness can make a speech more memorable.

Question 9

One way support is used in a speech is to:

A)bring the audience's curiosity to a high level.
B)clarify the ideas expressed in the speech.
C)reiterate and reinforce the important points.
D)surprise the audience with obscure information.
E)use an impressive amount of information.

Question 10

You can hurt your credibility if:

A)the information you use is understandable.
B)listeners aren't interested in your speech.
C)one of the listeners knows more than you do.
D)there are fine distinctions between ideas.
E)you use support from questionable sources.

Question 11

When does the currency of a source matter?

Question 12

Authoritative sources are sources that:

A)give a long bibliography at the end of a print or online article.
B)has accumulated considerable accurate knowledge on a topic.
C)provide statistics,along with an interpretation of their meanings.
D)show up repeatedly when an online search is being conducted.
E)supplement the text with good explanatory video materials.

Question 13

What is objectivity?

Question 14

Authoritative sources of support are sources that:

A)are able to articulate complicated ideas in simple language.
B)argue that their findings will change conventional knowledge.
C)claim to have disproven the findings of other research.
D)have earned their credentials by developing skill or expertise.
E)have used statistics from other sources to prove their point.

Question 15

A source has _____________ if it is free of bias,political viewpoints,or financial interests.

Question 16

Four criteria used to evaluate source options are:

A)accuracy,authority,currency,and objectivity.
B)clarity,detail,logic,and organization of data.
C)common sense,popularity,reason,and vividness.
D)research,publication,statistics,and anonymity.
E)transparency,honesty,clarity,and importance.

Question 17

Current,cutting-edge sources are mandatory for all topics.

Question 18

A source is objective when the information is:

A)argued in an engaging way that is internally logical.
B)clearly said,well organized,and urgently important.
C)factual,fair,reasonable,and based on sound research.
D)important,sincere,and based on strong ethical values.
E)published in books and supported by an industry.

Question 19

To support our main ideas,we can use any sources with which we agree.

Question 20

We can trust in the expertise of people invited to appear on television.

Question 21

Narratives are stories that have a clear arc: a beginning,a middle,and an end.

Question 22

Statistics is a form of speech support that is:

A)appropriate for almost any speech.
B)boring and should be left alone.
C)most often both used and misused.
D)numeric and therefore appropriate.
E)easy for everyone to understand.

Question 23

Definitions should be used in such a way as to:

A)clarify the speaker's meanings to the whole audience.
B)develop details as deeply and minutely as possible.
C)establish the tone,beginning with the introduction.
D)impress the audience with the speaker's knowledge.
E)maintain the flow of the speech for the whole time.

Question 24

Explain what is meant by vividness and how it impacts how people use and understand supporting evidence.

Question 25

Eyewitness testimony is used because:

A)it adds vividness to the speech and maintains audience attention.
B)it is more interesting and illustrative than other kinds of evidence.
C)it is the most reliable kind of information because it is firsthand.
D)it is provided by someone who has direct contact with a phenomenon.
E)the speaker can reword it to clarify it and improve its effectiveness.

Question 26

A speaker using statistics will impress many audience members.

Question 27

A nonexample is used to:

A)avoid saying anything positive.
B)avoid stating a clear position.
C)deny a criticism or accusation.
D)explain what something is not.
E)show what should not be done.

Question 28

A positive example is used to:

A)clarify or illustrate a principle,method,or phenomenon.
B)help set clear boundaries for the scope of the speech topic.
C)illustrate responsible and ethical behavior for listeners.
D)show an audience the consequences of beneficial action.
E)strengthen the vividness and impact of the speech.

Question 29

Eyewitness testimony is more reliable than expert testimony.

Question 30

What is an authoritative source?

Question 31

It's a good idea to define every term in your speech.

Question 32

Persuasive definitions are designed to sway listeners in a specific way.

Question 33

Explain how support should be used in a speech and why it makes a speech effective.

Question 34

Lexical definitions are used to:

A)explain the deep meanings of something.
B)explicate the meanings of antithetical terms.
C)motivate the audience to act in some way.
D)provide a dictionary definition of something.
E)show roots and the historical development of words.

Question 35

A _____________ definition is assigned to a term by the person who coined it.

Question 36

How does support add to your credibility as a speaker?

Question 37

Informative narratives are:

A)fillers that extend the length of time it takes to give a speech.
B)stories that help audiences understand complicated phenomena.
C)stories that are used to take the place of concrete evidence.
D)used for the purpose of gaining and maintaining attention.
E)used as a way to relax the audience at the beginning of a speech.

Question 38

Figurative analogies:

A)clarify the differences between two ideas,concepts,or ideas.
B)compare two ideas or objects from two different classes.
C)contrast two sets of numeric data collected by researchers.
D)provide clarity for the audience when two ideas are abstract.
E)show how two things are interchangeable or nearly identical.

Question 39

If you attempt to define "peace" in a manner that could be used to describe all aspects of the word,you are:

A)taking on a fool's errand.
B)clarifying a concrete concept.
C)selecting "peace" as your topic.
D)showing a concern for ethics.
E)using a theoretical definition.

Question 40

A stipulative definition is:

A)assigned by the person who first coins a term.
B)an in-depth treatment of all possible meanings.
C)a legal definition usually used in argumentation.
D)a temporary definition used by non-professionals.
E)an update to a definition that has been outdated.

Question 41

A setup is:

A)a carefully prepared sequence of evidence and reasoning.
B)an explanation of the meaning of data or statistical support.
C)an explanation of where the supporting information comes from.
D)use of information that leads to only one possible conclusion.
E)the use of a vivid quotation used to set the tone of the speech.

Question 42

Manipulating your support means:

A)arranging evidence in the most effective sequences.
B)avoiding the use of evidence that is clearly biased.
C)distorting or editing information to support claims.
D)following each claim with an item of expert evidence.
E)overwhelming the audience with facts and statistics.

Question 43

Supporting claims means:

A)quoting statements made by very famous people.
B)showing sincere conviction that your claim is true.
C)providing evidence for each claim you make in your speech.
D)providing evidence for the claims that are likely to be disputed.
E)using popularly shared knowledge as support.

Question 44

Supporting a claim by using numerical data or statistics means you should:

A)be consistent by supporting all your claims with statistics.
B)give comparable statistics from three different expert sources.
C)include a substantial amount of data for the sake of clarity.
D)make sure your audience understands the meanings correctly.
E)provide all the statistics from just one authoritative source.

Question 45

You should use a variety of support types in your speech.

Question 46

Name and explain two types of testimony.

Question 47

A ____________ example is used to clarify or illustrate a principle,method,or phenomenon.

Question 48

When paraphrasing the work of an expert,it is important to:

A)extract specific quotations that fit your needs.
B)give the audience credit for being intelligent.
C)paraphrase first,then provide the expert's name.
D)understand and convey the expert's meanings.
E)use quotations with a small amount of editing.

Question 49

Name three of the six types of supportive examples and briefly explain how they are used.

Question 50

A(n)___________ narrative provides information and/or explanations about a speaker's topic.

Question 51

Differentiate among informative,persuasive,and entertaining narratives.

Question 52

A demonstration is an example of pictographic support.

Question 53

A premise is:

A)a logical assumption upon which to build a case.
B)preexisting knowledge shared by the audience.
C)a statement that provides supporting evidence.
D)a starting point for testing evidence in reverse.
E)a thesis statement that contains expert opinion.

Question 54

Explain the differences between a lexical definition and a persuasive definition.

Question 55

Using a variety of support types means using:

A)all the evidence you can find to support your conclusion.
B)appropriate support of various kinds to support claims.
C)both expert and nonexpert sources of information.
D)a consistent type of support from a variety of sources.
E)a statement of the time spent researching the topic.

Question 56

A reverse outline is used to:

A)engage audience attention in following the logic.
B)persuade your audience to think in a new way.
C)provide a vivid,unique approach to your topic.
D)rehearse the entire speech,including all evidence.
E)test the effectiveness of your support.

Question 57

Arguments are:

A)methods of providing proof that the speaker is right.
B)sets of logical premises leading to a clear conclusion.
C)strategies for eliciting positive audience responses.
D)strong statements in speeches packed with evidence.
E)verbal opposition to the flawed reasoning of experts.

Question 58

Explain the three types of narratives and when they would be most useful in a speech as a form of evidence.

Question 59

Explain how a speaker can avoid misusing statistics.Provide an example.

Question 60

Pictographic support should be used to:

A)convey accurate information and ideas quickly.
B)convince the audience that you are well prepared.
C)project supporting websites right onto a screen.
D)provide an impressive array of data and statistics.
E)show a picture of an original document or photo.

Question 61

Why should a public speaker use a variety of support types?

Question 62

What is the analysis step of an oral presentation? Give a developed example.

Question 63

What important step must a speaker take in paraphrasing the work of others?

Question 64

To paraphrase a quotation,you change a few of the words.

Question 65

Explain the three-step process for ensuring that all of your support is used effectively.

Question 66

What is an argument? Give an example.

Question 67

The unethical use of support can be called _____________-_____________.

Question 68

A reverse outline of a speech can be used to test the adequacy of support for the claims.

Question 69

_____________ involves taking the general theme from another speaker or author and condensing the theme in your own words.

Question 70

You should select support that is relevant to your topic,purpose,and audience.

Question 71

How can a speaker make sure he or she has supported the claims in a speech adequately?

Question 72

Visual aids are also referred to as _____________ support.