Deck 7: Coping,resilience,and Social Support

Question 1

Surveys show that nearly half the people in the United States deal with their health problems through

A)writing.
B)prayer.
C)meditation.
D)yoga.

Answer 1

prayer.

Question 2

People vary with regard to whether they are fundamentally optimistic or pessimistic in nature.The test developed to measure this dispositional optimism is known as the

A)Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
B)Cognitive Behavioral Test.
C)Brief COPE.
D)Life Orientation Test.

Answer 2

Life Orientation Test.

Question 3

A personality style characterized by optimism,a sense of control,conscientiousness,self-esteem,and positivity is the _____ personality.

A)disease-prone
B)selective-coping
C)health-prone
D)stress-preventive

Answer 3

health-prone

Question 4

James is a lawyer who used to work at the World Trade Center until the 9/11 incident took place.He survived the building collapse but was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)soon after.Over the next few months,he spent time gathering information on the attack,talking to other survivors,and organizing resources for them.Which of the following coping styles is James using?

A)avoidant
B)projection
C)approach
D)regression

Question 5

_____ is a psychological resource that not only allows individuals to confront and cope with stressors but also helps them bounce back from bad experiences and adapt flexibly to the changing demands of stressful situations.

A)Extraversion
B)Mindfulness
C)Resilience
D)Conscientiousness

Question 6

Neuroticism coupled with social inhibition and isolation is sometimes referred to as the _____ personality.

A)Type A
B)Type B
C)Type D
D)Type E

Question 7

High self-esteem is closely related to

A)weak defense mechanisms.
B)poor health behaviors.
C)high levels of stress indicators.
D)low levels of HPA axis activity.

Question 8

Sarah is scheduled for a hysterectomy.A health psychologist visits her in the hospital and finds that she is worried about the pain involved in the surgery.The psychologist clearly explains the procedure to Sarah and answers her questions to ease her worries.He also teaches her a relaxation technique that she can use before the surgery to control her anxiety.The psychologist explains the drug-delivery method to her so she understands when and how much of the pain-relief drug she will receive.In this case,the health psychologist is conducting a(n)_____ intervention.

A)control-enhancing
B)informational support
C)expressive-writing
D)tangible assistance

Question 9

Individuals who display high negative affectivity are

A)likely to have a disease-prone personality.
B)likely to seek medical care when they are fatally ill.
C)likely to reject medical treatments that cure terminal diseases.
D)likely to create a FALSE impression of good health.

Question 10

Which of the following statements best defines coping?

A)the information from others that one is loved and cared for,esteemed and valued,and part of a network of communications and mutual obligations
B)the belief that one can determine one's own behavior,influence one's environment,and bring about desired outcomes
C)the modification of how stress is experienced and the impact it has on illness and other aspects of life
D)the thoughts and behaviors used to manage the internal and external demands of situations that are appraised as stressful

Question 11

Positive emotional states are known to reduce levels of _____,which is a stress indicator.

A)serotonin
B)cortisol
C)dopamine
D)oxytocin

Question 12

Psychological control is the belief that

A)people positively affirm values that make them feel better about themselves and show lower physiological activity and distress.
B)one can determine one's own behavior,influence one's environment,and bring about desired outcomes.
C)opportunities for rest,relaxation,and renewal can help people cope effectively with stressors.
D)people strive for a state of mind marked by heightened awareness of the present and focus on the moment.

Question 13

The relationship between coping and a stressful event is a _____ process.

A)divergent
B)synergistic
C)dynamic
D)static

Question 14

_____ is a propensity to deal with stressful events in a particular way.

A)Primary response style
B)Individual difference
C)Direct effect
D)Coping style

Question 15

Which of the following is true of people with high self-esteem?

A)They are more likely to be providers of social support than receivers of it.
B)They are likely to contract psychological disorders.
C)They are likely to require major medical intervention for congenital diseases.
D)They are likely to risk their health through smoking or excessive drinking.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of optimism?

A)It encourages individuals to accept adverse environmental conditions.
B)It encourages people to be self-reliant when coping with stress.
C)It promotes active and persistent coping efforts in individuals.
D)It fosters a sense of external control over circumstances.

Question 17

Which of the following is an important aspect of coping?

A)suppression of emotional reactions to stress
B)complete avoidance of stressful events
C)tolerance of harmful environmental conditions
D)voluntary actions taken to confront stressful events

Question 18

_____ maintains that through collaboration with family and friends or with medical practitioners,one may successfully cope with a stressful event.

A)Self-control
B)Secondary control
C)Primary control
D)Thought control

Question 19

Organized religion provides a sense of _____ to people.

A)inhibition
B)negative affectivity
C)institutionalism
D)group identity

Question 20

When optimists' expectations are not met or when they face resistance in pursuing their goals,they are likely to experience

A)long-term physical conditions.
B)short-term psychological problems.
C)long-term psychological problems.
D)short-term physiological conditions.

Question 21

Recording negative self-statements or irrational thoughts that accompany a stressful experience usually occurs in the _____ phase of the Combat Stress Now (CSN)program.

A)acquiring skills
B)completing take-home assignments
C)engaging in positive self-talk and self-instruction
D)setting new goals

Question 22

Compared to people low in socioeconomic status (SES),people who are high in socioeconomic status have

A)more medical and psychiatric disorders.
B)lower physical activity.
C)more negative events or realities.
D)lower mortality rates.

Question 23

Which of the following is a successful coping outcome?

A)tolerating negative realities
B)extricating from relationships with others
C)wavering in one's emotional equilibrium
D)maintaining a negative self-image

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of emotion-focused coping?

A)It is more useful in the long term than while coping with daily life stressors.
B)It leads people to affirm important aspects of their identity.
C)It helps people anticipate and act against potential stressors.
D)It is most beneficial when applied to work-related problems.

Question 25

When people anticipate potential stressors and act in advance either to prevent them or to reduce their impact,it is known as

A)problem-focused coping.
B)proactive coping.
C)appraisal-focused coping.
D)emotional approach coping.

Question 26

_____ is defined as information from others that one is loved and cared for,esteemed and valued,and part of a network of communication and mutual obligations.

A)Informational support
B)Expressive writing
C)Palliative care
D)Social support

Question 27

People living in low socioeconomic circumstances who are unable to modify the stressors that affect them may be especially benefitted by _____ reappraisal.

A)positive
B)detached
C)negative
D)desegregated

Question 28

The goal of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)is to

A)help notice thoughts from a distance and avoid response to them.
B)teach people to ignore their thoughts in a mindful manner.
C)change the private experience of stress and maintain commitment.
D)help people challenge their thoughts directly.

Question 29

Which of the following is assessed by the Brief COPE?

A)inflammatory responses to relaxation therapies
B)health effects of emotional disclosure
C)commonly used coping styles for managing stressful events
D)potential costs of receiving social support and enhancing emotional support

Question 30

In the self-monitoring phase of the Combat Stress Now (CSN)program,students are trained to

A)recognize and eliminate the negative self-talk they go through when they face stressful events.
B)focus on what happens just before they experience feelings of stress.
C)observe their own behavior closely and to record the circumstances that they find most stressful.
D)experience their stressful events in a strong manner to understand the extent of the symptoms.

Question 31

_____ involves efforts to regulate emotions experienced due to a stressful event.

A)Emotion-focused coping
B)Problem-focused coping
C)Appraisal-focused coping
D)Proactive coping

Question 32

Coping efforts are considered to be successful if they

A)provoke the stress regulatory system.
B)increase the physiological indicators of arousal.
C)restrict a person from performing desired activities.
D)reduce psychological distress.

Question 33

_____ is a form of social support that involves the provision of services,financial assistance,or goods.

A)Emotional support
B)Tangible assistance
C)Invisible support
D)Informational assistance

Question 34

Sarah is taking a stress management class.Her instructor provides her with a variety of techniques to combat stress and identify the stress carriers in her environment.Sarah is instructed to try the techniques to identify the ones that work best for her so she can confront stressful situations.In this case,the instructor is using _____ training.

A)promotional
B)relaxation
C)remedial
D)assertiveness

Question 35

A college professor of psychology had his class write a paper about the most traumatic and stressful events in their lives.Although this may have caused immediate psychological distress to the students,the professor was confident that the long-term stress related to these events would eventually reduce.In this case,the professor had most likely conducted a(n)_____ intervention with his class.

A)expressive writing
B)control-enhancing
C)stress inoculation
D)debriefing

Question 36

_____ can undermine defensive reactions to threats.

A)Self-actualization
B)Self-control
C)Self-affirmation
D)Self-reliance

Question 37

_____ make use of techniques devised by health psychologists to teach people how to identify stressors and reduce their impact.

A)Social support interventions
B)Stress management programs
C)Biopsychosocial exercises
D)Religious interventions

Question 38

_____ forces a person to distinguish among stressful events that need to be avoided,tolerated,or overcome.

A)Goal setting
B)Time management
C)Relaxation training
D)Self-instruction

Question 39

In stress management interventions,_____ helps people set specific goals,establish priorities,and learn what to ignore.

A)self-instruction
B)emotional support
C)time management
D)tangible assistance

Question 40

A method of intervention based on confronting traumatic and stressful events in one's life by communicating them via text is known as

A)relaxation therapy.
B)autobiographic writing.
C)cognitive-behavior therapy.
D)expressive writing.

Question 41

The benefits of social support are greatest when

A)an individual about to undergo an uncomfortable medical procedure receives invisible support.
B)the person from whom one is seeking support is perceived to be responsive to one's needs.
C)the person who is receiving the support has at least above average intelligence.
D)an individual does not have a problem but finds the appropriate form of social support.

Question 42

Inflammation in response to a short-term stressor can be

A)inhibited.
B)painful.
C)adaptive.
D)maladaptive.

Question 43

According to research on social support,which of the following is one of the best protectors against stress?

A)having a large house
B)having a busy career
C)having a child
D)having a satisfying marriage

Question 44

Experiencing the divorce of one's parents in childhood predicts

A)excessive resilience in adolescence.
B)premature death in middle age.
C)cardiovascular diseases in old age.
D)early aging.

Question 45

When an individual grows up in a harsh family,he or she displays

A)resilience in handling relationships during old age.
B)greater coping mechanisms in stressful situations during adulthood.
C)a risk of developing chronic illnesses during childhood.
D)strong inflammatory response to stress in adolescence.

Question 46

What does the buffering hypothesis state about the moderation of stress by social support?

A)Psychological stress cannot be effectively moderated through social support.
B)Social support is equally beneficial during stressful as well as nonstressful periods.
C)Humans are the only effective sources of social support.
D)Social support offers little benefit in periods of low stress.

Question 47

Different kinds of stressful events create different needs,and social support is most effective when it meets those needs.This is called the

A)direct effects hypothesis.
B)buffering hypothesis.
C)matching hypothesis.
D)working hypothesis.

Question 48

Health psychologists view social support as an important resource in

A)multimodal prevention.
B)primary prevention.
C)secondary prevention.
D)tertiary prevention.

Question 49

Emotional reactions,including anger and depression,are part of the coping process.

Question 50

Receiving social support from one's parents in early life has little effect on one's coping abilities and health in adulthood.

Question 51

Providing emotional support involves

A)supplying an individual with factual and informational knowledge about a stressful situation.
B)giving material support to an individual in a stressful situation.
C)assisting an individual without his or her knowledge.
D)reassuring an individual that he or she is valuable and cared for.

Question 52

Optimistic people use problem-focused coping and seek social support from others.

Question 53

A patient with AIDS decides to approach his friend,who is a health therapist,for treatment.He feels that his therapist friend is able to help him in ways that his family is unable to.The therapist helps him find ways to cope with the disease and the resulting social pressure.This is an example of

A)psychological control.
B)informational support.
C)tangible assistance.
D)emotional support.

Question 54

Studies have found that social support has beneficial effects on the _____ system.

A)lymphatic
B)muscular
C)integumentary
D)endocrine

Question 55

Invisible support is when

A)one receives help from another but is unaware of it.
B)there is a perception that social support will be available.
C)there is a provision of material assistance.
D)one receives reassurance that he or she is a valuable person.

Question 56

Negative and competitive social interactions are associated with

A)chronic inflammation.
B)low levels of inflammation.
C)normal levels of inflammation.
D)high levels of inflammation.

Question 57

Negative affectivity has been related to alcoholism,depression,and suicidal behavior but not to poor health.

Question 58

The _____ hypothesis maintains that social support is generally beneficial during nonstressful as well as stressful times.

A)matching
B)working
C)buffering
D)direct effects

Question 59

People with strong spiritual beliefs have greater life satisfaction and a slower course of illness than those who do not hold strong spiritual convictions.

Question 60

_____ social contact may actually worsen the experience of stress.

A)Negative
B)Overly passive
C)Modest
D)Overly intrusive

Question 61

Mindfulness engages the prefrontal cortical regions of the brain,which regulate affect and downregulate activity in the limbic areas related to anxiety and other negative emotions.

Question 62

Explain the term stress moderators,and provide an example of a stress moderator.

Question 63

Celebrating positive events with other people improves mood in the short term but does not show significant benefits over the long term.

Question 64

Explain coping and the relationship between personality and coping.

Question 65

Networking may be an added source of social support for people,but those who use it to express distress may drive others away.

Question 66

Define social support,and elucidate the different forms of social support.

Question 67

It is more beneficial to use emotion-focused coping while dealing with work-related problems.

Question 68

What is a biopsychosocial pathway,and how is it beneficial in promoting health?

Question 69

Explain the Combat Stress Now (CSN)program,and cite a few advantages of using this program.

Question 70

Emotional support is most beneficial when it comes from experts who are responsive to an individual's needs.