Deck 11: Management of Chronic Health Disorders

Question 1

Medical measures of quality of life are

A)seldom based on objective criteria.
B)weakly related with patients' and relatives' assessments.
C)poorly related with patients' assessments but are moderately related with relatives' assessments.
D)moderately related with health psychologists' assessments.

Answer 1

weakly related with patients' and relatives' assessments.

Question 2

Chronic health disorders are

A)rare among children.
B)either moderate or severe and life-threatening.
C)less likely among young adults between ages 18 and
44)
D)always life-threatening and ultimately lead to death.

Answer 2

either moderate or severe and life-threatening.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of depression?

A)Depression increases with the severity of a health disorder.
B)Treatment for depression increases symptoms associated with a health disorder.
C)Depression increases as a result of telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy.
D)Treatment for depression aggravates psychological distress.

Answer 3

Depression increases with the severity of a health disorder.

Question 4

Denial serves as a protective function

A)before the patient seeks medical treatment.
B)during the acute phase of the health disorder.
C)when patients must play an active role in the treatment regimen.
D)during the rehabilitative phase of the health disorder.

Question 5

Immediately after a chronic health disorder is diagnosed,

A)patients face job discrimination.
B)patients seek the help of dietitians and therapists.
C)patients resort to a feeling of calmness.
D)patients experience a psychological disequilibrium.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of denial?

A)It is a defense mechanism by which people accept the implications of a health disorder.
B)It is a method adopted by health care practitioners to deny information to patients.
C)It is a method adopted by health care practitioners to deny information to patients' family.
D)It is a defense mechanism by which people avoid the implications of a health disorder.

Question 7

Anxiety is ________ when anticipating or experiencing adverse side effects of treatment.

A)very low
B)low
C)moderate
D)high

Question 8

Which of the following is true of anxiety?

A)Anxious diabetic patients have better glucose control.
B)Anxious MI patients are more likely to return to work on schedule.
C)Anxiety is prevalent among people with acute health disorders.
D)Anxious patients cope more poorly with surgery.

Question 9

Studying quality of life

A)makes it possible to determine what kinds of interventions may be needed.
B)is an unnecessary intrusion into patients' lives.
C)cannot be used to compare therapies.
D)provides us same results as the diagnosis.

Question 10

Which of the following is a chronic health disorder?

A)cold
B)influenza A
C)teething
D)hearing loss

Question 11

A broad array of measures for evaluating quality of life is available

A)only for adults.
B)for both adults and children.
C)only for children.
D)for both alive and dead patients.

Question 12

Which of the following is a component of quality of life?

A)logical functioning
B)longevity
C)psychological status
D)economic functioning

Question 13

Unlike anxiety and denial,depression

A)may be a long-term reaction to chronic health disorders.
B)is at a steady state during the course of chronic health disorders.
C)is the first response to chronic health disorders.
D)may be intermittent and unrelenting.

Question 14

________ refers to the evaluation of whether one feels good or bad about one's personal qualities and attributes.

A)Self-concept
B)Self-esteem
C)Self-image
D)Self-evaluation

Question 15

Depression exacerbates the course of several chronic disorders,most notably

A)coronary heart disease.
B)Type II diabetes.
C)asthma.
D)hypertension.

Question 16

Of the following situations,patients' anxiety would be the highest

A)after the physician explains the diagnosis and treatment regimen.
B)after the patient has received a test result.
C)while the patient is awaiting an invasive medical procedure.
D)when the side effects of a medical procedure is being explained to the patient.

Question 17

Assessment of quality of life

A)identifies the likely problems associated with acute diseases.
B)discourages comparison of therapies.
C)evaluates the practitioners' experience in dealing with health disorders.
D)assesses the impact of treatments.

Question 18

The stable set of beliefs about one's qualities and abilities is known as

A)self-esteem.
B)self-concept.
C)self-image.
D)self-evaluation.

Question 19

Immediately after a chronic health disorder is diagnosed,a patient can be in a state of crisis marked by physical,social,and psychological disequilibrium.If the patient's usual coping efforts fail to resolve these problems,the result can be

A)an improvement in health.
B)a decreasingly negative attitude.
C)an exaggeration of symptoms and their meaning.
D)a systematic effort to cope.

Question 20

Up to ________ of all medical inpatients with chronic disease suffer from severe depression.

A)one-quarter
B)one-tenth
C)one-half
D)one-fourth

Question 21

________ work primarily with accident victims,disabled children,and older people.

A)Medical social workers
B)Dietitians
C)Occupational therapists
D)Physical therapists

Question 22

During physical rehabilitation,patients need a ________ management program for the alleviation of discomfort.

A)health
B)mind
C)disease
D)pain

Question 23

Which of the following is a goal of physical rehabilitation?

A)to learn the ways of controlling energy expenditure
B)to learn how to deviate from the treatment regimen
C)to learn new social management skills
D)to learn how to use one's mind as much as possible

Question 24

Which of the following is true about body image?

A)Body image remains constant during chronic health disorders.
B)Body image plummets only during acute health disorders.
C)Changes in body image are long-lived in acutely ill patients.
D)Negative evaluations last longer in chronically ill patients.

Question 25

Succeeding through vocational and avocational activities is also an important source of self-esteem and the self-concept.Which self-evaluation aspect of the self-concept explains this?

A)private self
B)social self
C)physical self
D)achieving self

Question 26

Daniel is suffering from diabetes.He constantly wishes that his medical condition would disappear.In the context of coping strategies and chronic health disorders,Daniel is most likely using a ________ strategy.

A)cognitive escape
B)social support
C)behavioral escape
D)distancing

Question 27

According to a study of cancer patients conducted by Dunkel-Schetter and her colleagues (1992),the most frequently cited stressor was

A)fear and uncertainty about the future.
B)limitations in physical abilities.
C)pain management.
D)altered physical appearance and lifestyle.

Question 28

Who among the following is most likely to have a negative impression of their body image?

A)Sara,who lost weight after a viral fever
B)Sally,who fractured her leg in an accident
C)Susan,who has a scar on her forehead from birth
D)Sandra,who lost her hair as a result of chemotherapy

Question 29

Jeremy is suffering from coronary heart disease.He regularly meets his friends who are doctors and discusses his condition with them.According to Jeremy,this helps him deal with the health disorder better.Which of the following coping strategies is Jeremy using in this scenario?

A)behavioral escape strategy
B)social support strategy
C)distancing strategy
D)cognitive escape strategy

Question 30

________ is a functional somatic disorder.

A)Heart attack
B)Hearing loss
C)Tissue abnormality
D)Chemical sensitivity

Question 31

Which of the following predicts adherence to chronic disease regimens?

A)low expectations for controlling one's health
B)knowledge of the treatment regimen
C)low expectations for controlling self-efficacy
D)hereditary factors associated with the patients

Question 32

Which of the following activities is performed by physical therapists?

A)planning recreational activities to help patients become more self-sufficient
B)helping people with muscle,nerve,or bone diseases or injuries overcome their disabilities
C)assessing the dietetic needs of patients and supervising the service of meals
D)helping patients regain physical or emotional stability and relearn daily routines

Question 33

Stress management programs are increasingly incorporated into physical treatment regimens because of the debilitating effects of stress on

A)psychosocial adjustments.
B)chronic diseases.
C)coping strategies.
D)acute disorders.

Question 34

Adherence to treatment regimens is

A)significantly higher in patients being treated for acute disorders.
B)significantly lower in patients being treated for acute disorders.
C)unaffected by the side effects of treatment.
D)problematic with people who have chronic health disorders.

Question 35

Analyses of the effectiveness of coping strategies in managing the stress associated with chronic health disorders conclude that

A)the coping strategies used by chronically ill patients are significantly different from the strategies observed in healthy samples.
B)avoidant coping is associated with reduced psychological distress and better psychological adjustment.
C)confrontative coping is associated with better adjustment than the use of multiple coping strategies.
D)active coping is more consistently associated with good adjustment.

Question 36

Which of the following focuses on the effect of a chronic health disorder on a patient's ambitions,goals,and desires for the future?

A)achieving self
B)social self
C)physical self
D)private self

Question 37

James works with patients injured in motorcycle accidents.He helps them learn to use adaptive devices to perform tasks and become accustomed to new ways of performing old tasks.He is a(n)

A)massage therapist.
B)occupational therapist.
C)physical therapist.
D)dietitian.

Question 38

The perception and evaluation of one's physical functioning and appearance comprise one's

A)physical self.
B)self-concept.
C)body image.
D)self-evaluation.

Question 39

Robert is suffering from cancer.In order to cope with the stress associated with it and to know more about his condition,he regularly speaks about the disorder with his friends and family.In the context of coping strategies and chronic health disorders,Robert is most likely using a(n)________ strategy.

A)avoidant
B)positive focus
C)acute stress paradigm
D)direct problem solving

Question 40

Alex is suffering from migraine.He avoids it completely by eating and sleeping excessively.Which of the following coping strategies is Alex using here?

A)distancing
B)cognitive escape
C)behavioral escape
D)social support

Question 41

Most caregiving for the chronically ill is provided by

A)formal services such as home health nurses or nursing homes.
B)men.
C)women.
D)friends.

Question 42

The website WebMD is

A)scrupulously careful about the information they post.
B)usually accurate but not always careful about the information they provide.
C)like most of the information on the Web,not to be trusted.
D)always associated with the risk of misinformation.

Question 43

Collins et al.(1990)reported that more than ________ percent of the cancer patients in their study reported at least some beneficial changes in their life as a result of the cancer.

A)20
B)45
C)75
D)90

Question 44

John works with patients who are emotionally and mentally disabled.He helps them regain their physical,mental,or emotional stability.Sometimes he teaches painting,weaving,or other crafts.He is a(n)

A)massage therapist.
B)occupational therapist.
C)physical therapist.
D)dietitian.

Question 45

One of the chief changes brought about by chronic health disorder is a(n)

A)decreased dependency of the chronically ill person on other family members.
B)increased dependency of the family members on the chronically ill person.
C)decreased dependency of the family members on the chronically ill person.
D)increased dependency of the chronically ill person on other family members.

Question 46

Emotional disorders associated with chronic health disorders are especially likely among patients who

A)enter into very aggressive medical treatment regimens.
B)are employed and have a high socioeconomic status.
C)have a history of depression or other mental health disorders.
D)are not the members of minority groups.

Question 47

Which of the following activities is performed by occupational therapists?

A)helping people with muscle,nerve,or bone diseases or injuries overcome their disabilities
B)planning and directing recreational activities to help patients become more self-sufficient
C)assessing the dietetic needs of patients and supervising the service of meals
D)developing individualized treatment programs to increase patients' strength and endurance

Question 48

In the context of gender and the impact of chronic health disorders,identify a true statement about women with chronic health disorders.

A)Disabled women are more likely to be married or get married than disabled men.
B)Women with chronic health disorders experience more deficits in social support than do men with chronic health disorders.
C)Married women with chronic health disorders are less likely to be institutionalized for their health disorder than are married men.
D)Married women with chronic health disorders spend fewer days in nursing homes than do married men.

Question 49

________ help patients regain physical,mental,or emotional stability;relearn daily routines,such as eating,dressing,writing,or using a telephone;and prepare for employment.

A)Occupational therapists
B)Dietitians
C)Medical social workers
D)Physical therapists

Question 50

For chronically ill patients,changes in body image are always short-lived.

Question 51

Adam works with cancer patients at County General Hospital.His particular specialty is in enabling the newly diagnosed cancer patients to understand the health disorder and its treatment and to negotiate the difficult emotional and social identity issues associated with the health disorder.He is a(n)

A)medical social worker.
B)medical psychologist.
C)health psychologist.
D)occupational therapist.

Question 52

A poor body image increases risk for depression and anxiety.

Question 53

Which of the following is true of caregiving?

A)It is always long term and intermittent.
B)It threatens the health of elderly caregivers.
C)It is most commonly associated with men than with women.
D)It often strains the relationship between patient and caregiver.

Question 54

People who have intermittent bouts of depression are less likely to get heart disease,atherosclerosis,hypertension,stroke,dementia,osteoporosis,and Type II diabetes.

Question 55

Medical measures are weakly related to patients' or relatives' assessments of quality of life.

Question 56

Family support of a chronically ill patient is especially important because they

A)encourage the patient to stay cheerful always.
B)are the only source of social support for the patient.
C)promote adherence to treatment.
D)need no guidance on the harmful actions that will upset the patient.

Question 57

Adverse changes in social interactions after a diagnosis of chronic disease are more likely to be observed in

A)family members.
B)friends and acquaintances.
C)employers.
D)intimate others.

Question 58

Compared to therapy with other clients,psychotherapy provided to medical patients is more likely to

A)be continuous and long term in nature.
B)involve collaboration with the patient's family and physician.
C)be expensive and time-consuming.
D)challenge the client's defenses and promote a realistic assessment of his or her situation.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true about physical therapists?

A)They assess the dietetic needs of patients and suggest ways of maintaining adherence to diets after discharge.
B)They apply the principles of nutrition and food management to meal planning for hospitals,universities,and schools.
C)They administer and interpret tests of muscle strength,motor development,functional capacity,and respiratory and circulatory efficiency.
D)They help patients and their families with social problems that can develop while patients are dealing with their health disorder by providing therapy.

Question 60

Eric works with people with diabetes.He helps them learn to control their caloric intake and the types of foods they eat.He is a(n)

A)massage therapist.
B)occupational therapist.
C)physical therapist.
D)dietitian.

Question 61

How are patients' beliefs about chronic health disorders related to adjustment?

Question 62

Physical therapists plan and direct recreational activities to help patients become more self-sufficient.

Question 63

Care for people with chronic health disorders is notoriously irregular.

Question 64

Family participation in the health disorder management process is widely encouraged.

Question 65

Explain how physical rehabilitation methods help in managing chronic health disorders.

Question 66

The Internet is a good source of information about skills for coping with common health disorder-related problems.

Question 67

What role does denial play in the emotional response to chronic health disorders? When does it facilitate coping? When is it dysfunctional?

Question 68

Many chronic health disorders lead to a decrease in sexual activity.

Question 69

Sometimes,children must be exposed to isolating and terrifying procedures to treat their chronic health disorder.

Question 70

Studies have found that the quality of life reported by cancer patients is higher than healthy community samples.Explain how chronically ill patients cope with their health disorders and maintain a positive self-concept.

Question 71

Discuss the different careers involved in the rehabilitation of the chronically ill.What do the different people do? Which is of most interest to you and why?

Question 72

Psychotherapy with medical patients is more likely to be continuous than episodic.

Question 73

All chronic health disorders require physical rehabilitation.

Question 74

Functional somatic disorders are more common in men than in women.