Deck 1: Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding

Question 1

Identify the least electronegative atom.

A)P
B)Na
C)I
D)B
E)O

Answer 1

Na

Question 2

Covalent bonds may be polar or nonpolar. What property of the atoms forming a given bond determines this?

Answer 2

electronegativity

Question 3

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called ________.

Answer 3

isotopes

Question 4

The atomic number of boron is 5. The correct electronic configuration of boron is ________.

A)1s² 2s³
B)1s² 2p³
C)1s² 2s² 2p¹
D)2s² 2p³
E)1s² 2s² 3s¹

Question 5

How many unpaired electrons are present in the isolated carbon atom (atomic number = 6)?

A)none
B)one
C)two
D)three
E)four

Question 6

Which of the following contain(s)polar covalent bonds?

A)NH₃
B)Na₂O
C)H₂
D)KF
E)both A and C

Question 7

Give the number of nonbonding pairs of electrons in H₂NOH.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 8

Which of the compounds below have bonds that are predominantly ionic?

A)KCl
B)CF₄
C)NH₃
D)both A and B
E)both B and C

Question 9

Provide the mathematical equation for the dipole moment of a bond, and identify the variables.

Question 10

Which of the following is the electronic configuration of the element Fe?

A)1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁶
B)1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁸ 3d⁶
C)1s² 2s² 2p⁸ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁶
D)1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d⁶
E)1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4p⁶

Question 11

The formal charge on nitrogen in the compound below is ________.

A)+2
B)+1
C)0
D)-1
E)-2

Question 12

Which of the following elements does this electronic configuration represent? 1s² 2s² 2p⁵

A)F
B)C
C)N
D)Al
E)O

Question 13

Using the symbol δ+and δ-, show the direction of the polarity in the indicated bond.

Question 14

Give the electronic configuration for Ca⁺².

Question 15

What type of bonding is most important in CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃?

A)ionic
B)hydrogen
C)covalent
D)polar

Question 16

Which of the following statements correctly describes the third electron shell that surrounds the nucleus of an atom?

A)The third shell contains only s and p atomic orbitals.
B)The maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third shell is 18.
C)The total number of atomic orbitals present in the third shell is 16.
D)The third shell can contain f orbitals.
E)All third shell elements must have d electrons.

Question 17

Ar, K⁺, Cl^- are isoelectronic elements (elements with the same number of electrons). What orbital does the last electron occupy?

Question 18

Give the electronic configuration for N^-3.

A)1s²2s²
B)1s²2s²2p³
C)1s²2s²2p⁴
D)1s²2s²2p⁶
E)1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹

Question 19

The compound methylamine, CH₃NH₂, contains a C-N bond. In this bond, which of the following best describes the charge on the nitrogen atom?

A)+1
B)slightly positive
C)uncharged
D)slightly negative
E)-1

Question 20

Which of the following covalent bonds has the largest dipole moment?

A)C-C
B)C-H
C)C-O
D)H-N
E)H-F

Question 21

What kind of molecular orbital (σ, σ*, π, or π*)results when the two atomic orbitals shown below interact in the manner indicated?

Question 22

Choose the correct hybridization for the atom indicated in the molecule below. CH₃CH₂CH₂CH_3
↑

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)none of the above

Question 23

Draw the shape of a 2p orbital.

Question 24

What kind of molecular orbital (σ, σ*, π, or π*)results when the two atomic orbitals shown below interact in the manner indicated?

Question 25

How many distinct and degenerate p orbitals exist in the second electron shell, where n = 2?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 26

Both sigma (σ)and pi (π)bonds can be formed by overlapping p orbitals. Describe the difference.

Question 27

The Kekulé structure of pentane is shown below. Draw the condensed structural formula which corresponds to this Lewis structure.

Question 28

Consider the interaction of two hydrogen 1s atomic orbitals of the same phase. Which of the statements below is an incorrect description of this interaction?

A)A sigma bonding molecular orbital is formed.
B)The molecular orbital formed is lower in energy than a hydrogen 1s atomic orbital.
C)The molecular orbital formed has a node between the atoms.
D)The molecular orbital formed is cylindrically symmetric.
E)A maximum of two electrons may occupy the molecular orbital formed.

Question 29

What are the formal charges on nitrogen and the starred oxygen atom in the following molecule?

A)N = -1, O = 0
B)N = +1, O = -1
C)N = +1, O = +1
D)N = -1, O = -1
E)N= +1, O = 0

Question 30

Which of the following is the most likely electronic structure for C₂H₂?

A)
B)
C)
D) H-C C-H
E)

Question 31

What kind of molecular orbital (σ, σ*, π, or π*)results when the two atomic orbitals shown below interact in the manner indicated?

Question 32

Which of the following structures, including formal charges, is correct for diazomethane, CH₂N₂?

A): CH₂-N N :
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 33

What kind of molecular orbital (σ, σ*, π, or π*)results when the two atomic orbitals shown below interact in the manner indicated?

Question 34

Draw the Kekulé structure for each of the following:
a. CH₃CH₂OH b. CH₃CHO c. (CH₃)₃C⁺

Question 35

Expand the condensed structure below to show the covalent bonds and the lone-pair electrons.
(CH₃)₂CHCH₂CHO

Question 36

What kind of molecular orbital (σ, σ*, π, or π*)results when the two atomic orbitals shown below interact in the manner indicated?

Question 37

Draw a Lewis structure for the molecule given and show all formal charges.
CH₂CO

Question 38

Give the formal charge on nitrogen in NH₄.

A)-2
B)-1
C)0
D)+1
E)+2

Question 39

Draw the Lewis structure for CH₃N₂⁺.

Question 40

Draw condensed structures for the four compounds with formula C₃H₉N.

Question 41

The N-H bond in the ammonium ion, NH₄⁺, is formed by the overlap of what two orbitals?

A)sp³-sp³
B)sp³-sp²
C)sp²-sp²
D)sp²-s
E)sp³-s

Question 42

Which of the following is an sp² hybridized carbon?

A)
B)∙ CH₃
C)
D)A and B
E)A, B and C

Question 43

How many sp² hybridized carbons are present in allene (H₂C=C=CH₂)?

A)0
B)1
C)1)5
D)2
E)3

Question 44

Among the hydrogen halides, the strongest bond is found in ________ and the longest bond is found in ________.

A)HF, HF
B)HF, HI
C)HI, HF
D)HI, HI
E)HCl, HBr

Question 45

Which carbon(s)in the following molecule is (are)sp hybridized?

A)carbon 1
B)carbon 2
C)carbons 1, 3
D)carbons 4
E)carbons 4, 5

Question 46

The lone-pair electrons of the methyl anion occupy a(n)________ orbital.

A)s
B)p
C)sp
D)sp²
E)sp³

Question 47

What orbitals overlap to create the C-H bond in ethene (H₂C=CH₂)?

A)s-sp
B)s-sp²
C)s-sp³
D)s-p
E)p-p

Question 48

What is the predicted shape, bond angle, and hybridization for ⁺CH₃?

A)trigonal planar, 120°, sp²
B)trigonal planar, 120°, sp³
C)trigonal planar, 109.5°, sp²
D)trigonal pyramidal, 120°, sp²
E)trigonal pyramidal, 109.5°, sp²

Question 49

Determine the number of pi bonds in CH₃CN.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 50

What orbitals are used to form the covalent bonds in butane (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃)?

Question 51

The hydrogen-halogen bond becomes ________ and ________ as the size (atomic weight)of the halogen increases.

A)longer, weaker
B)longer, stronger
C)shorter, weaker
D)shorter, stronger

Question 52

A molecule of acetonitrile CH₃CN contains ________ sigma bonds and ________ pi bonds.

A)5, 2
B)4,3
C)4,2
D)2,2
E)4,0

Question 53

How many carbon-carbon sigma bonds are in the molecule shown?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 54

Each lone pair of electrons on the O atom in methanol (CH₃OH)occupies a(n)________ orbital.

A)s
B)p
C)sp
D)sp²
E)sp³

Question 55

Which bond in the following molecule is the shortest?

A)bond 1
B)bond 2
C)bond 3
D)bond 4
E)bond 5

Question 56

What orbitals overlap to create the H-C bond in CH₃⁺?

A)sp³-sp³
B)sp²-sp³
C)s-p
D)s-sp²
E)s-sp³

Question 57

The N-H single bond in methyl amine (CH₃NH₂)is a ________ bond formed by the overlap of a(n)________ orbital on N and a(n)________ orbital on H.

A)σ; sp²; s
B)σ ; sp³; s
C)π ; sp³; s
D)π ; sp²; p
E)π ; p ; p

Question 58

Give the shape of the methyl radical.

A)trigonal pyramidal
B)tetrahedral
C)bent
D)linear
E)trigonal planar

Question 59

Which of the following is closest to the C-O-C bond angle in CH₃-O-CH₃?

A)180°
B)120°
C)109.5°
D)90°
E)160°

Question 60

Triethylamine [(CH₃CH₂)₃N] is a molecule in which the nitrogen atom is ________ hybridized and the CNC bond angle is ________.

A)sp², >109.5°
B)sp², <109.5°
C)sp³, >109.5°
D)sp³, <109.5°
E)sp, 109.5°

Question 61

Identify the hybridization of the oxygen in CH₃OCH₃.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp⁴
E)sp⁵

Question 62

The carbon-carbon double bond in ethene is ________ and ________ than the carbon-carbon triple bond in ethyne.

A)stronger; shorter
B)stronger; longer
C)weaker; shorter
D)weaker; longer
E)stronger; more polar

Question 63

Give the H-C-H bond angle in H₂CO.

A)60
B)90
C)109.5
D)120
E)180

Question 64

Give the hybridizations of the carbons, from left to right, in CH₃CH CHCl.

Question 65

Which of the following species have tetrahedral bond angles?

A)A, D and E
B)A, D, E and F
C)A and E
D)D only
E)A, B and E

Question 66

Give the hybridization, shape, and bond angle for the carbon in CO₂.

Question 67

Which of the following molecules does not exhibit a net dipole moment of zero?

A)CO₂
B)CH₄
C)CCl₄
D)H₂O
E)SO₃

Question 68

What is the CNN bond angle in the compound shown below?

A)~60°
B)~90°
C)~110°
D)~120°
E)~180°

Question 69

Draw the Kekulé structure and show the direction of the dipole moment for CH₂Cl₂.

Question 70

Identify the compound with the weakest bond.

A)H₂
B)HF
C)HCl
D)HBr
E)HI

Question 71

Draw the structure of a molecule which contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms (only three of which are carbon)and in which two of the carbons are sp² hybridized and the other is sp hybridized.

Question 72

Why is the C-H bond in ethene (H₂C CH₂)shorter and stronger than the C-H bond in ethane (CH₃CH₃)?

Question 73

Which of the following molecules has the smallest dipole moment?

A)Br₂
B)NH₃
C)HCl
D)HBr
E)HI

Question 74

BF₃ has a dipole moment of zero. Propose a structure for BF₃ that is consistent with this information.

Question 75

Give the hybridization, shape, and bond angle for each carbon in CH₃CN.

Question 76

Which of the following molecules has a net dipole moment of zero?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 77

How many nonbonding electron pairs, bonding electron pairs, pi bonds, and sigma bonds are present in CO₂?

Question 78

Identify the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in the molecule (CH₃)₃N.

Question 79

Identify the hybridization of carbon in H₂CO.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp⁴
E)s³p

Question 80

In what type of orbital are the lone pair electrons of methoxide (CH₃O^-)found ?

A)s
B)p
C)sp
D)sp²
E)sp³