Deck 2: Atoms, molecules, and Ions

Question 1

According to history,the concept that all matter is composed of atoms was first proposed by

A)the Greek philosopher Democritus,but not widely accepted until modern times.
B)Dalton,but not widely accepted until the work of Mendeleev.
C)Dalton,but not widely accepted until the work of Einstein.
D)Dalton,and widely accepted within a few decades.

Answer 1

the Greek philosopher Democritus,but not widely accepted until modern times.

Question 2

Sodium metal and water react to form hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.If 5.98 g of sodium react with water to form 0.26 g of hydrogen and 10.40 g of sodium hydroxide,what mass of water was consumed in the reaction?

A)4.68 g
B)5.98 g
C)10.14 g
D)10.66 g

Answer 2

4.68 g

Question 3

Elements in a periodic group have similar

A)chemical properties.
B)densities.
C)masses.
D)physical properties.

Answer 3

chemical properties.

Question 4

Gaseous elements characterized by low reactivity are found in group ________ of the periodic table.

A)5A
B)6A
C)7A
D)8A

Question 5

Which is not true?

A)Mendeleev ended each row in his periodic table with an inert gas.
B)Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table for undiscovered elements.
C)Mendeleev ordered the elements in his periodic table by atomic weight.
D)Mendeleev's periodic table predated the concept of electron configuration.

Question 6

Which element has the chemical symbol,P?

A)lead
B)phosphorus
C)platinum
D)potassium

Question 7

A sample of pure lithium carbonate contains 18.8% lithium by mass.What is the % lithium by mass in a sample of pure lithium carbonate that has twice the mass of the first sample?

A)9.40%
B)18.8%
C)37.6%
D)75.2%

Question 8

Mendeleev arranged the elements according to

A)atomic number and atomic weight.
B)atomic weight and chemical reactivity.
C)electron configuration and atomic weight.
D)physical state and relative abundance.

Question 9

The observation that 4.0 g of hydrogen reacts with 32.0 g of oxygen to form a product with O:H mass ratio = 8:1,and 6.0 g of hydrogen reacts with 48.0 g of oxygen to form the same product with O/H mass ratio = 8:1 is evidence for the law of

A)definite proportions.
B)energy conservation.
C)mass conservation.
D)multiple proportions.

Question 10

Most elements in the periodic table are

A)metals.
B)non-metals.
C)noble gases.
D)semi-metals.

Question 11

The observation that 15.0 g of hydrogen reacts with 120.0 g of oxygen to form 135.0 g of water is evidence for the law of

A)definite proportions.
B)energy conservation.
C)mass conservation.
D)multiple proportions.

Question 12

The vertical columns of the periodic table are called

A)groups.
B)periods.
C)triads.
D)elements.

Question 13

Methane and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water.What mass of water is formed if 3.2 g of methane reacts with 12.8 g of oxygen to produce 8.8 g of carbon dioxide?

A)7.2 g
B)8.8 g
C)14.8 g
D)16.0 g

Question 14

What is the chemical symbol for manganese?

A)Hg
B)Mg
C)Mn
D)Na

Question 15

Which of the following statements does not describe a physical property of chlorine?

A)Chlorine combines with sodium to form table salt.
B)The color of chorine gas is green.
C)The density of chlorine gas at standard temperature and pressure is 3.17 g/L.
D)The freezing point of chlorine is -101°C.

Question 16

Which horizontal row of the periodic table contains the most elements?

A)row 4
B)row 5
C)row 6
D)They all contain the same number of elements.

Question 17

Which group of elements reacts violently with water?

A)halogens
B)noble gases
C)alkali metals
D)alkaline earth metals

Question 18

Which of the following statements does not describe a chemical property of oxygen?

A)Iron will rust in the presence of oxygen.
B)Oxygen combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide gas.
C)The pressure is caused by collision of oxygen molecules with the sides of a container.
D)When coal is burned in oxygen,the process is called combustion.

Question 19

Which group 5A element is most metallic?

A)N
B)P
C)Sb
D)Bi

Question 20

The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called

A)groups.
B)periods.
C)triads.
D)elements.

Question 21

Which of the following represent isotopes? A: [ ] B: [ ] C: [ ] D: [ ]

A)A and B
B)A and C
C)A and D
D)C and D

Question 22

Which of the following two atoms are isotopes?

A) ^{Ar and Ca}
B) ^{C and C}
C) ^{l and Br}
D) ^{Mg and C}

Question 23

The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of

A)electrons.
B)neutrons.
C)protons.
D)protons plus neutrons.

Question 24

The charge-to-mass ratio of an electron was established by

A)Millikan's oil drop experiment.
B)Rutherford's gold foil experiment.
C)Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment.
D)None of these

Question 25

Boron-9 can be represented as

A) ^Be.
B) ^B.
C) ^B.
D) ^B.

Question 26

Which subatomic particle has the smallest mass?

A)a proton
B)a neutron
C)an electron
D)an alpha particle

Question 27

How many electrons are in a neutral atom of iodine-131?

A)1
B)53
C)54
D)131

Question 28

Which of the following is a part of Dalton's atomic theory?

A)Atoms are rearranged but not changed during a chemical reaction.
B)Atoms break down during radioactive decay.
C)Atoms contain protons,neutrons,and electrons.
D)Isotopes of the same element have different masses.

Question 29

What is the chemical symbol for an atom that has 29 protons and 36 neutrons?

A)Cu
B)Kr
C)N
D)Tb

Question 30

The existence of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom was demonstrated by

A)Millikan's oil drop experiment.
B)Rutherford's gold foil experiment.
C)Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment.
D)None of these

Question 31

The observation that hydrogen and oxygen can react to form two compounds with different chemical and physical properties,one having an O:H mass ratio = 8:1 and the other having an O:H mass ratio = 16:1 is consistent with the law of

A)definite proportions.
B)energy conservation.
C)mass conservation.
D)multiple proportions.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is not a postulate of Dalton's atomic theory?

A)Each element is characterized by the mass of its atoms.
B)Atoms are composed of protons,neutrons,and electrons.
C)Chemical reactions only rearrange atomic combinations.
D)Elements are composed of atoms.

Question 33

How many protons (p)and neutrons (n)are in an atom of Sr?

A)38 p,52 n
B)38 p,90 n
C)52 p,38 n
D)90 p,38 n

Question 34

How many protons (p)and neutrons (n)are in an atom of calcium-46?

A)20 p,26 n
B)20 p,46 n
C)26 p,20 n
D)46 p,60 n

Question 35

The symbol that is usually used to represent atomic number is

A)A.
B)N.
C)X.
D)Z.

Question 36

Which of the following is not explained by Dalton's atomic theory?

A)conservation of mass during a chemical reaction
B)the existence of more than one isotope of an element
C)the law of definite proportions
D)the law of multiple proportions

Question 37

The current model of the atom in which essentially all of an atom's mass is contained in a very small nucleus,whereas most of an atom's volume is due to the space in which the atom's electrons move was established by

A)Millikan's oil drop experiment.
B)Rutherford's gold foil experiment.
C)Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment.
D)None of these

Question 38

A sample of pure calcium fluoride with a mass of 15.0 g contains 7.70 g of calcium.How much calcium is contained in 45.0 g of calcium fluoride?

A)2.56 g
B)7.70 g
C)15.0 g
D)23.1 g

Question 39

The existence of electrons in atoms of all elements was demonstrated by

A)Millikan's oil drop experiment.
B)Rutherford's gold foil experiment.
C)Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment.
D)None of these

Question 40

Most of the alpha particles directed at a thin gold foil in Rutherford's experiment

A)bounced directly back from the foil.
B)passed directly through the foil undeflected.
C)passed through the foil but were deflected at an angle.
D)were absorbed by the foil.

Question 41

What is the mass of one atom of the element hydrogen?

A)2.0 g
B)1.0 g
C)3.4 × 10^{-24 g}
D)1.7 × 10^{-24 g}

Question 42

How many electrons are in the ion,CO₃^2-?

A)16
B)28
C)30
D)32

Question 43

Which of the species below has 28 protons and 26 electrons?

A)Fe²⁺
B)Ni²⁺
C)
_Fe
D)
_Ni

Question 44

How many moles and how many atoms of zinc are in a sample weighing 34.9 g?

A)0.533 mol,8.85 ×
Atoms
B)0.533 mol,3.21 ×
Atoms
C)1.87 mol,3.10 ×
Atoms
D)1.87 mol,1.13 ×
Atoms

Question 45

What is the identity of element Q if the ion Q²⁺ contains 10 electrons?

A)C
B)O
C)Ne
D)Mg

Question 46

How many electrons are in the ion,Zn²⁺?

A)28
B)30
C)32
D)65

Question 47

The element antimony has an atomic weight of 121.757 amu and only two naturally-occurring isotopes.One isotope has an abundance of 57.3% and an isotopic mass of 120.904 amu.Based on these data,what is the mass of the other isotope?

A)121.757 amu
B)122.393 amu
C)122.610 amu
D)122.902 amu

Question 48

Three atoms have the following properties. The elements Y and Z are best described as

A)isotopes.
B)cations.
C)different elements.
D)anions.

Question 49

The smallest sample of carbon atoms that can be observed with the naked eye has a mass of approximately 2 × 10^-8 g.Given that 1 g = 6.02 × 10²³ amu,and that carbon has an atomic weight of 12.01 amu,determine the number of carbon atoms present in the sample.

A)1 × 10¹⁵
B)1 × 10¹⁶
C)1 × 10¹⁷
D)6 × 10²³

Question 50

Three atoms have the following properties. The elements X and Y are best described as

A)isotopes.
B)cations.
C)different elements.
D)anions.

Question 51

Three atoms have the following properties. Which of the following statements is true?

A)Element Y and Z are isotopes of X.
B)Element Y is an isotope of Z.
C)Element Y is an ion of X.
D)Element Z is an ion of Y.

Question 52

Butyric acid has the structural formula given below. What is the molecular or chemical formula for butyric acid?

A)CHO
B)C₂H₄O
C)C₄H₈O₂
D)C₅H₈O₃

Question 53

How many electrons are in the ion,P^3-?

A)12
B)18
C)28
D)34

Question 54

What is the identity of the element with 6 protons,7 neutrons,and 6 electrons?

A)C
B)N
C)Al
D)Mg

Question 55

An element has two naturally occurring isotopes.One has an abundance of 37.4% and an isotopic mass of 184.953 amu,and the other has an abundance of 62.6% and a mass of 186.956 amu.What is the atomic weight of the element?

A)185.702 amu
B)185.954 amu
C)186.207 amu
D)186.956 amu

Question 56

What type of bonding is found in the compound PCl₅?

A)covalent bonding
B)hydrogen bonding
C)ionic bonding
D)metallic bonding

Question 57

How many protons (p),neutrons (n),and electrons (e)are in one atom of Mg?

A)12 p,12 n,12 e
B)12 p,11 n,12 e
C)12 p,11 n,10 e
D)12 p,11 n,14 e

Question 58

The atoms of a particular element all have the same number of protons as neutrons.Which of the following must be true?

A)The atomic weight must be a whole number.
B)The mass number for each atom must equal the atomic weight of the element.
C)The mass number must be exactly twice the atomic number for each atom.
D)All of these are true.

Question 59

Steel is galvanized by giving it a surface coating of zinc.Galvanized steel is an example of

A)a compound.
B)an element.
C)a mixture.
D)an ion.

Question 60

Identify the chemical symbol of element Q in Q.

A)Br
B)Hg
C)Pd
D)Se

Question 61

The formula for dinitrogen trioxide is

A)N(OH)_3.
B)(NO₃)_2.
C)N₂O_3.
D)N₃O_2.

Question 62

What is the name of the compound formed between Ca and N?

A)calcium dinitride
B)calcium trinitride
C)monocalcium trinitride
D)calcium nitride

Question 63

By analogy with the oxoanions of sulfur,H₂TeO₃ would be named

A)hydrotellurous acid.
B)pertelluric acid.
C)telluric acid.
D)tellurous acid.

Question 64

The ions ClO₄^-,ClO₃^-,ClO₂^-,and ClO^- are named respectively

A)hypochlorate,chlorate,chlorite,perchlorite.
B)hypochlorite,chlorite,chlorate,perchlorate.
C)perchlorate,chlorate,chlorite,hypochlorite.
D)perchlorite,chlorite,chlorate,hypochlorate.

Question 65

The solid compound,Na₂CO₃,contains

A)Na⁺,C⁴⁺,and O^2- ions.
B)Na⁺ ions and CO₃^2-ions.
C)Na₂⁺ and CO₃^2- ions.
D)Na₂CO₃ molecules.

Question 66

How many of the following names are correct?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 67

What group of elements does the shaded area in the following periodic table indicate?

A)alkali metals
B)alkaline earth metals
C)halogens
D)noble gases

Question 68

The definitive distinction between ionic bonding and covalent bonding is that

A)ionic bonding involves a sharing of electrons and covalent bonding involves a transfer of electrons.
B)ionic bonding involves a transfer of electrons and covalent bonding involves a sharing of electrons.
C)ionic bonding requires two nonmetals and covalent bonding requires a metal and a nonmetal.
D)covalent bonding requires two nonmetals and ionic bonding requires a metal and a nonmetal.

Question 69

The compound,NO₂,is named

A)nitrate.
B)nitrite.
C)nitrogen dioxide.
D)nitrogen(IV)oxide.

Question 70

The thiosulfate ion is

A)HS^-.
B)HSO₄^2-.
C)SO₅^2-.
D)S₂O₃^2-.

Question 71

What group of elements does the shaded area in the following periodic table indicate?

A)alkali metals
B)alkaline earth metals
C)halogens
D)noble gases

Question 72

What group of elements does the shaded area in the following periodic table indicate?

A)alkali metals
B)alkaline earth metals
C)inner transition metals
D)transition metals

Question 73

Which of the following statements concerning ionic compounds is true?

A)Essentially all ionic compounds are solids at room temperature and pressure.
B)Ionic compounds do not contain any covalent bonds.
C)Ionic compounds contain the same number of positive ions as negative ions.
D)The chemical formula for an ionic compound must show a nonzero net charge.

Question 74

The chemical formula for potassium peroxide is

A)KOH.
B)KO₂.
C)K₂O.
D)K₂O₂.

Question 75

What group of elements does the shaded area in the following periodic table indicate?

A)alkali metals
B)alkaline earth metals
C)halogens
D)noble gases

Question 76

The gas Freon-11,CCl₃F,contains

A)C⁴⁺,Cl^-,and F^- ions.
B)C⁴⁺,Cl₃^-,and F^- ions.
C)C⁴⁺ and Cl₃F^4- ions.
D)CCl₃F molecules.

Question 77

KH₂PO₄ is

A)hydropotassium phosphate.
B)potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
C)potassium diphosphate.
D)potassium hydrogen(II)phosphate.

Question 78

What group of elements does the shaded area in the following periodic table indicate?

A)alkali metals
B)alkaline earth metals
C)inner transition metals
D)transition metals

Question 79

The ion NO₂^- is named

A)nitrate ion.
B)nitrite ion.
C)nitrogen dioxide ion.
D)nitrogen(II)oxide ion.

Question 80

What group of elements does the shaded area in the following periodic table indicate?

A)alkali metals
B)alkaline earth metals
C)halogens
D)noble gases