Deck 25: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

A nucleotide is a(an)

A)amide of a nitrogen base and a fatty acid.
B)amide of a nucleoside and a fatty acid.
C)ester of a nucleoside and a fatty acid.
D)5'-monophosphate ester of a nucleoside.
E)polymer of alternating ribose and purine or pyrimidine units.

Answer 1

5'-monophosphate ester of a nucleoside.

Question 2

A region on the DNA strand that carries the information needed for the synthesis of a specific protein is called a

A)codon.
B)gene.
C)chromosome.
D)complementary base unit.
E)chromatid.

Answer 2

gene.

Question 3

The sugar found in an RNA nucleotide is ________.

A)D-ribose
B)2-deoxy-D-ribose
C)D-rhamnose
D)D-raffinose
E)all of the above

Answer 3

D-ribose

Question 4

Which of the following is a nitrogen base found in nucleic acids?

A)thymidine
B)adenine
C)guanosine
D)pyridine
E)ammonia

Question 5

Which base is normally found in RNA but not in DNA?

A)thymine
B)adenine
C)guanine
D)uracil
E)cytosine

Question 6

The purine bases are

A)fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens.
B)6 membered ring systems containing 2 ring nitrogens.
C)6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens.
D)fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 2 nitrogens.
E)none of the above

Question 7

The chemical combination of ribose and one of the five nitrogen bases results in formation of a

A)nucleotide.
B)nucleoside.
C)DNA molecule.
D)chromosome.
E)gene.

Question 8

DNA is primarily located in what part of the cell?

A)cytoplasm
B)mitochondrion
C)nucleus
D)ribosome
E)cell membrane

Question 9

The most characteristic feature of all the bases found in either DNA or RNA is that

A)they are all nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds.
B)they are all six membered rings.
C)they are all fused five and six membered rings.
D)they all bond to the sugar ring through the number 1 carbon of the base.
E)they all have at least one carbonyl group attached to the six-membered ring.

Question 10

All of the following are components of nucleotides except

A)aldopentoses in the form of five-membered rings.
B)heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of six-membered rings.
C)heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of two fused rings.
D)phosphate groups.
E)metal ions.

Question 11

A chromosome is a(an)

A)complex of DNA and histones formed in a cell nucleus before cell division.
B)segment of DNA that directs synthesis of a specific peptide or protein.
C)list of locations of markers that relate to inheritable traits.
D)set of identical copies of DNA segments from a single ancestor.
E)ordered list of the nucleotides in a segment of DNA.

Question 12

What are the repeating units in nucleic acids?

A)monosaccharides
B)amino acids
C)nucleotides
D)nucleosides
E)nitrogen bases

Question 13

Which base is normally found in DNA but not in RNA?

A)thymine
B)adenine
C)guanine
D)uracil
E)cytosine

Question 14

This question has three parts:
a.Describe the similarities and differences of purines and pyrimidines.
b.List the specific bases in each category that are important in nucleic acids.
c.Describe their interactions in DNA and RNA.

Question 15

Which of the following is a nucleoside which would be found in DNA?

A)adenosine triphosphate
B)UMP
C)deoxyguanosine
D)deoxyribose
E)deoxythymidine diphosphate

Question 16

A nucleotide is composed of a ________ with a ________ added to it.

A)pentose; phosphate group
B)pentose; nitrogen base
C)nucleoside; nitrogen base
D)nucleoside; phosphate group
E)phosphate group; nitrogen base

Question 17

Chromatin is

A)nuclear material composed of DNA and histones.
B)the portion of a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
C)a protein found on the surface of a cell.
D)the fluid part of a cell that surrounds the organelles.
E)a component of cell membranes.

Question 18

When a β-N-glycosidic bond forms between guanine and deoxyribose,the resulting molecule is called

A)riboguanine.
B)deoxyriboguanine.
C)deoxyriboguanosine.
D)guanosine.
E)deoxyguanidine.

Question 19

Which of the following is a major function of nucleic acids?

A)storage and transfer of genetic information
B)storage and intracellular transfer of energy
C)catalysis of virtually all biochemical reactions
D)structural support in both plants and animals
E)long-term storage of energy

Question 20

The pyrimidine bases are

A)6 membered ring systems containing 2 ring nitrogens.
B)fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens.
C)6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens.
D)fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 2 nitrogens.
E)none of the above.

Question 21

What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

A)Deoxyribose is a D form,whereas ribose is an L form.
B)Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than does ribose.
C)Ribose is found in the straight chain structure,whereas deoxyribose is not.
D)Ribose is a monosaccharide,but deoxyribose is a polysaccharide.
E)All statements are incorrect.

Question 22

All of the following are associated with replication of DNA except

A)DNA polymerase.
B)DNA ligase.
C)hydrogen bonds.
D)replication fork.
E)amino acids.

Question 23

In DNA,a DNA sequence complementary to the strand shown below is
C-G-G-T-T-A-G

A)G-C-C-A-A-T-C.
B)C-G-G-T-T-A-G.
C)A-T-T-G-G-C-T.
D)G-C-C-U-U-U-C.
E)G-C-C-U-U-A-C.

Question 24

The process of manufacturing an identical copy of a DNA molecule is called

A)mutation.
B)replication.
C)transcription.
D)translation.
E)translocation.

Question 25

The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine in DNA is ________.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 26

All of the statements about RNA are correct except

A)RNA can exist in three forms: rRNA,tRNA,and mRNA.
B)RNA molecules are smaller than DNA molecules,but form double helices like DNA.
C)RNA does not contain thymine.
D)transfer RNA delivers amino acids to the protein chain as it is being manufactured.
E)messenger RNA is complementary to the template strand of its DNA,and almost identical to the informational strand of the DNA.

Question 27

The number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine in DNA is ________.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 28

One pair of nitrogen bases in DNA is

A)guanine and adenine.
B)guanine and thymine.
C)guanine and cytosine.
D)guanine and uracil.
E)none of the above

Question 29

The backbone of a nucleic acid molecule consists of

A)alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphate ester bonds.
B)alternating sugar and nitrogen base groups linked by amide bonds.
C)alternating nitrogen bases and phosphate groups linked by amide bonds and strengthened by hydrogen bonds.
D)sugar molecules bonded from the #3 carbon of one molecule to the #5 carbon of the other by glycosidic linkages.
E)complementary bases joined by hydrogen bonds.

Question 30

The number of hydrogen bonds between guanine and adenine in DNA is ________.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 31

Explain the term base pairing and its relationship to replication of DNA.

Question 32

The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and thymine in DNA is ________.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 33

The central belief of molecular genetics states that

A)every copy of DNA is an exact replica of the parent molecule.
B)DNA stores genetic information and RNA reads,decodes,and uses that information.
C)in DNA and RNA adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine.
D)each amino acid is coded by a unique set of three base pairs.
E)replication of DNA is a semiconservative process.

Question 34

Replication of DNA produces two daughter DNA molecules in which

A)one daughter molecule contains both parent strands and one daughter molecule contains both newly synthesized strands.
B)each daughter molecule contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.
C)each daughter molecule contains two newly synthesized strands.
D)each daughter molecule contains both parent strand.
E)None of the above happens during replication.

Question 35

One pair of nitrogen bases in DNA is

A)adenine and thymine.
B)adenine and guanine.
C)adenine and uracil.
D)adenine and cytosine.
E)none of the above

Question 36

In a molecule of DNA,the sugar of one nucleotide binds through its ________ hydroxyl group to the ________ hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide by forming a phosphate ester.

A)3' ; 5'
B)3' ; 3'
C)5' ; 5'
D)1' ; 3'
E)1' ; 5'

Question 37

What is the complementary strand for a single DNA strand with the sequence TCGA?

A)TGCA
B)AGCT
C)CTAC
D)GATC
E)TCGA

Question 38

The bonding forces between the two DNA strands in a double helix are

A)polar bonds.
B)peptide linkages.
C)phosphate bonds.
D)hydrogen bonds.

Question 39

In replication of DNA,each new double strand consists of one template strand and one new strand.Therefore,replication is said to be

A)repetitive.
B)semiconservative.
C)polymeric.
D)catabolic.
E)none of these

Question 40

Which statement does not correctly describe structural differences between DNA and RNA?

A)RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.
B)RNA molecules have a lower molecular mass than DNA molecules.
C)RNA molecules are generally single-stranded.
D)The sugar in RNA has one more hydroxyl group than the sugar in DNA.
E)All of the statements are correct.

Question 41

During the process of transcription,the base adenine in DNA pairs with the base ________ in the new mRNA.

A)guanine
B)thymine
C)cytosine
D)uracil
E)adenine

Question 42

Match the following.
nucleotide

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 43

Transcription is

A)copying of DNA molecules to make an exact duplicate.
B)production of a single strand of RNA identical to the information strand of DNA.
C)production of a single strand of RNA from the template strand of DNA.
D)making a protein molecule based on information contained in RNA.
E)breakdown of damaged nucleic acids to prevent mutations.

Question 44

Match the following.
nucleoside

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 45

Match the following.
pyrimidine bases

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 46

The process in which information contained in RNA is used to manufacture proteins is called

A)mutation.
B)replication.
C)transcription.
D)translation.
E)translocation.

Question 47

When a new strand of RNA is transcribed from the DNA strand shown,its base sequence will be
Informational strand of DNA: TTACGGAT
Template strand of DNA: AATGCCTA

A)TTACGGAT.
B)AATGCCTA.
C)UUACGGAU.
D)AAUGCCUA.
E)UUTGCCTU.

Question 48

A codon is

A)a sequence of three amino acids that translates to a specific nucleotide in RNA.
B)a complex of proteins and DNA which is associated with cell division.
C)all the segments of DNA needed to direct the production of a specific protein.
D)a sequence of three nucleotides in RNA that codes for a specific amino acid or for chain termination.
E)the collection of DNA that stores all the genetic information for an individual organism.

Question 49

After initiation of protein production,the correct order for the steps in the manufacture of proteins is
I.elongation
II.peptide bond formation
III.termination
IV.tRNA binding with ribosome

A)I,II,III,IV
B)I,IV,II,III
C)IV,II,I,III
D)IV,I,II,III
E)II,I,IV,III

Question 50

Which nucleic acid carries the codon for protein synthesis?

A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)mRNA

Question 51

How many three letter combinations are there present in the genetic code?

A)32
B)64
C)16
D)88

Question 52

Which of the following represents the correct order in the flow of genetic information?

A)mRNA → DNA → proteins
B)mRNA → tRNA → proteins
C)DNA → mRNA → proteins
D)rRNA → mRNA → proteins
E)rRNA → mRNA → tRNA

Question 53

Translation is

A)copying of DNA molecules to make an exact duplicate.
B)production of a single strand of RNA identical to the information strand of DNA.
C)production of a single strand of RNA from the template strand of DNA.
D)making a protein molecule based on information contained in RNA.
E)breakdown of damaged nucleic acids to prevent mutations.

Question 54

Distinguish between the forms of RNA that exist in a typical cell.

Question 55

The process in which information from DNA is used to manufacture RNA is called

A)mutation.
B)replication.
C)transcription.
D)translation.
E)translocation.

Question 56

Match the following.
purine bases

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 57

The type of nucleic acid that carries the information for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is

A)DNA.
B)mRNA.
C)rRNA.
D)tRNA.

Question 58

Transcription and translation of the mRNA involved in protein synthesis occur in two different locations in the cell.Translation occurs in the

A)nucleus.
B)mitochondria.
C)cytoplasm.
D)cell's membrane.

Question 59

Codons provide the information needed to synthesize

A)nucleic acids.
B)carbohydrates.
C)lipids.
D)proteins.

Question 60

rRNA is associated with what part of the cell?

A)cytoplasm
B)mitochondrion
C)nucleus
D)ribosome
E)cell membrane

Question 61

Match the following.
codon

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 62

Match the following.
pyrimidine

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 63

Match the following.
purine

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 64

Match the following.
tRNA

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 65

Match the following.
rRNA

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 66

Match the following.
genetic code

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 67

Match the following.
mRNA

A)the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis
B)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule
C)the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins
D)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
E)the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA