Deck 27: Genomics

Question 1

Chemicals that cause mutations are called

A)mutagens.
B)mutation.
C)genetic inhibitor.
D)genetic modifier.
E)genetic activator.

Answer 1

mutagens.

Question 2

There are noncoding sequences that are considered to be

A)"junk" DNA.
B)regulatory regions that determine when a gene is turned on.
C)necessary for proper folding of the DNA.
D)all of these
E)none of these

Answer 2

all of these

Question 3

Which of the following is not a non-coding portion of a DNA molecule?

A)telomere
B)centromere
C)exon
D)intron
E)promoter sequence

Answer 3

exon

Question 4

Discuss the importance of telomeres in cell death and in cancer.

Question 5

Which of the following is a coding portion of DNA?

A)exon
B)centromere
C)intron
D)telomere
E)none of the above

Question 6

The constriction that appears in duplicated chromosomes during cell division is called a(an)

A)centromere.
B)telomere.
C)chromatid.
D)chironomid.
E)splitter.

Question 7

A mutation is

A)an error in base sequence that is repeated in each replication or transcription of DNA.
B)something that causes an error in the nucleotide sequence in DNA.
C)something that causes abnormal growth in embryos.
D)something that causes abnormal and excessive cell division.
E)excessive cell division leading to growth of tumors.

Question 8

A promoter sequence is

A)a DNA sequence that determines which genes are turned on for coding.
B)the beginning DNA sequence for all DNA molecules.
C)the initial set of bases showing where an exon begins.
D)the DNA code that begins protein synthesis.
E)none of the above

Question 9

The portion of a DNA molecule that does not code for proteins is called a(an)

A)intron.
B)exon.
C)sticky end.
D)codon.
E)primer.

Question 10

A genetic map is a(an)

A)complex of DNA and histones formed in a cell nucleus before cell division.
B)segment of DNA that directs synthesis of a specific peptide or protein.
C)list of locations of markers that relate to inheritable traits.
D)set of identical copies of DNA segments from a single ancestor.
E)ordered list of the nucleotides in a segment of DNA.

Question 11

A mutagen is

A)an error in base sequence that is repeated in each replication or transcription of DNA.
B)something that causes an error in the nucleotide sequence in DNA.
C)something that causes abnormal growth in embryos.
D)something that causes abnormal and excessive cell division.
E)excessive cell division leading to growth of tumors.

Question 12

Telomeres are

A)constrictions that determine the shape of chromosomes during cell division.
B)sequences of nucleotides that code for proteins which function as enzymes.
C)sequences of nucleotides that code for proteins which function as chemical messengers,usually hormones or neurotransmitters.
D)enzymes which add specific groups of nucleic acids to the ends of the DNA molecule.
E)sequences of non-coding nucleotides at the ends of chromosomes.

Question 13

A gene is a(an)

A)complex of DNA and histones formed in a cell nucleus before cell division.
B)segment of DNA that directs synthesis of a specific peptide or protein.
C)list of locations of markers that relate to inheritable traits.
D)set of identical copies of DNA segments from a single ancestor.
E)ordered list of the nucleotides in a segment of DNA.

Question 14

Telomerase is a(an)

A)constriction that determine the shape of chromosomes during cell division.
B)sequence of nucleotides that code for proteins which function as enzymes.
C)sequence of nucleotides that code for proteins which function as chemical messengers,usually hormones or neurotransmitters.
D)enzyme which adds specific groups of nucleic acids to the ends of the DNA molecule.
E)sequence of non-coding nucleotides at the ends of chromosomes.

Question 15

A technique that sorts amino acids or DNA fragments on the basis of their size is

A)polymerase chain reaction.
B)recombinant DNA.
C)genetic selection.
D)electrophoresis.
E)mutation.

Question 16

The order of views of a genome map,from largest scale to smallest scale is

A)chromosome,physical map,genetic map,overlapping clones,nucleotide sequence.
B)nucleotide sequence,physical map,overlapping clones,genetic map,chromosome.
C)physical map,genetic map,chromosome,overlapping clones,nucleotide sequence.
D)chromosome,genetic map,physical map,overlapping clones,nucleotide sequence.
E)nucleotide sequence,chromosome,overlapping clones,physical map,genetic map.

Question 17

A clone is a(an)

A)complex of DNA and histones formed in a cell nucleus before cell division.
B)segment of DNA that directs synthesis of a specific peptide or protein.
C)list of locations of markers that relate to inheritable traits.
D)set of identical copies of DNA segments from a single ancestor.
E)ordered list of the nucleotides in a segment of DNA.

Question 18

According to the current working draft of the human genome,which of the following statements is(are)correct?
I.The human genome contains at least 100,000 genes.
II.One gene can code for several different proteins.
III.Approximately 50% of the genome is "junk" DNA.
IV.At least 200 human genes are identical to genes of bacteria.

A)None of the statements is correct.
B)All of the statements are correct.
C)I,II,and IV are correct.
D)II,III,and IV are correct.
E)I,III,and IV are correct.

Question 19

The function of the telomeres is

A)protection of the DNA that actually codes useful information.
B)addition of nucleotides to the DNA molecule.
C)prevention of interaction between DNA and RNA.
D)initiation of replication of DNA.
E)initiation of production of mRNA from DNA.

Question 20

The portion of a DNA molecule that actually codes for proteins is called a(an)

A)intron.
B)exon.
C)sticky end.
D)codon.
E)primer.

Question 21

When a specific sequence on a DNA strand is cut by a restriction endonulease this results in what is termed a(n)

A)blunt end.
B)sticky end.
C)termination.
D)ligated end.
E)None of these.

Question 22

A mutation involves an error in

A)mRNA manufacture.
B)translation.
C)tRNA manufacture.
D)rRNA manufacture.
E)DNA replication.

Question 23

One type of hereditary mutation that results in a defect in the enzyme tyrosinase that causes a loss of skin pigment is called

A)albinism.
B)Tay-Sachs disease.
C)phenylketonuria.
D)muscular dystrophy.
E)prions disease.

Question 24

Explain the difference between polymorphisms and mutations.

Question 25

The function of a restriction enzyme is to

A)build up DNA or RNA molecules one nucleotide at a time.
B)break down DNA or RNA into all their component nucleotides.
C)break a DNA molecule between two specific nucleotides.
D)prevent formation of a chemical bond between a specific pair of nucleotides.
E)prevent formation of the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids.

Question 26

The statement "Single-nucleotide polymorphisms are not as serious as mutations" is

A)true,because SNPs only result in minor variations between individuals.
B)true,because SNPs can result in serious diseases such as sickle-cell anemia.
C)false,because SNPs only result in minor variations between individuals.
D)false,because SNPs can result in serious diseases such as sickle-cell anemia.
E)impossible to evaluate because SNPs and mutations are not related.

Question 27

Recombinant DNA is the process of

A)inserting a gene from one species into the DNA sequence of another.
B)commingling the DNA strands of two different chromosomes.
C)combining one chromosome from one species with a chromosome from another species.
D)realigning gene sequences to form a new gene.
E)cross breeding two closely related species to produce a hybrid.

Question 28

One type of hereditary mutation that results in a defect in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is called

A)albinism.
B)Tay-Sachs disease.
C)phenylketonuria.
D)muscular dystrophy.
E)prions disease.

Question 29

All of the following terms are associated with recombinant DNA except

A)plasmids.
B)bacterial cells.
C)endonuclease.
D)hydrogen bonding.
E)restriction enzymes.

Question 30

The process of making multiple copies of DNA is accomplished by a process called

A)polymerase chain reaction.
B)recombinant DNA.
C)restriction endonuclease activity.
D)insertions.

Question 31

Circular strands of DNA located in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells are called

A)plastids.
B)plasmids.
C)palindromes.
D)chromosomes.
E)primer.

Question 32

An example of a SNP is which of the following?

A)Gaucher's Disease
B)Sickle cell anemia
C)Hemophilia
D)Huntington's disease
E)all of these

Question 33

One type of hereditary mutation that results in a defect in the enzyme hexosaminidase A and causes mental retardation is called

A)albinism.
B)Tay-Sachs disease.
C)phenylketonuria.
D)muscular dystrophy.
E)prions disease.

Question 34

The molecular basis of a mutation is most closely linked to a

A)defect in the transcription of a genetic message to mRNA.
B)change in the sequence of bases on a DNA molecule.
C)defect in the rRNA of ribosomes.
D)misplaced stop codon.
E)All statements are incorrect.

Question 35

All of the following terms are associated with recombinant DNA except

A)plasmids.
B)restriction enzymes.
C)bacterial cells.
D)ribonuclease.
E)sticky ends.

Question 36

Enzymes used in genetic engineering to cleave DNA are called

A)restriction enzymes.
B)ligases.
C)hydrolases.
D)lyases.
E)synthases.

Question 37

A gene mutation that involves a change of one base in the DNA is called a ________ mutation

A)missense
B)frameshift
C)point
D)nonsense

Question 38

A gene mutation that involves a change in the DNA sequence that still specifies for the same amino acid is called a ________ mutation

A)frameshift
B)silent
C)point
D)nonsense

Question 39

The removal of a gene from one organism and incorporating it into the DNA of another is called

A)polymerase chain reaction.
B)recombinant DNA.
C)genetic selection.
D)electrophoresis.
E)mutation.

Question 40

A gene mutation that results in the coding change for one amino acid in a protein sequence is known as a ________ mutation.

A)missense
B)nonsense
C)insertion frameshift
D)deletion frameshift
E)silent

Question 41

An alteration of an individual's genetic makeup with the goal of providing a cure is called

A)biotechnology.
B)bioinformatics.
C)gene therapy.
D)genetic engineering.
E)pharmacogenetics.

Question 42

A term that encompasses the application of biological and biochemical research to improve the health of humans or other living organisms is

A)bioinformatics.
B)functional genomics.
C)biotechnology.
D)proteomics.
E)toxicogenomics.

Question 43

The use of prenatal DNA testing followed by an attempt to alter a specific gene to prevent an inherited disease would be classified as

A)genetic engineering.
B)bioinformatics.
C)gene therapy.
D)pharmacogenomics.
E)pharmacogenetics.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about DNA fingerprinting is false?

A)The percent of the differences in DNA between people is great (99.9%).
B)Small DNA samples can be used through a process called PCR.
C)Everyone has different DNA,except identical twins.
D)DNA can be extracted from almost any biological sample.
E)All of these statements are correct.

Question 45

An alteration of the gentic material of an organism that will have the organism performing different functions such as producing a new substance is

A)biotechnology.
B)bioinformatics.
C)gene therapy.
D)genetic engineering.
E)pharmacogenetics.

Question 46

The use of DNA testing to determine which antibiotic will have the fewest side effects in a particular individual would be classified as

A)genetic engineering.
B)bioinformatics.
C)gene therapy.
D)bioethics.
E)pharmacogenetics.

Question 47

When the new strand of DNA is added to the cut plasmid what enzyme is used to join the respective sticky ends together?

A)DNA polymerase
B)DNA ligase
C)EcoRI
D)DNA gyrase

Question 48

When EcoRI recognizes the sequence G-A-A-T-T-C it cuts a strand between the G and A on the double strand.What is the sequence of the sticky end on one of the strands of the DNA strand shown?
5' 3'
-G-A-A-T-T-C-
-C-T-T-A-A-G-
3' 5'

A)-C-T-T-A-A
B)A-A-T-T-C-
C)G-A-A-T-C
D)Both A and B are correct.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 49

The ethical implications of altering any gene falls under the category of

A)biotechnology.
B)bioethics.
C)bioinformatics.
D)pharmacogenetics.
E)all of the above

Question 50

Genomics is the study of

A)errors in the replication of DNA.
B)diseases whose transmission and occurrence are linked to heredity.
C)the characteristics and functions of complete sets of genes.
D)transference of genetic material from one species to another.
E)the science of using biological materials for economic advantage.