Deck 29: Protists and Fungi

Question 1

The cell wall of diatoms is embedded with

A) carbon.
B) magnesium.
C) plastic.
D) silica.
E) cellulose.

Answer 1

D
Explanation: Diatoms are unicellular algae that have silica shells in a wide variety of shapes. These algae are important primary producers in both fresh and saltwater ecosystems.Bloom's

Question 2

Spirogyra practice a type of sexual exchange called

A) budding.
B) aggregation.
C) fruiting body.
D) conjugation.
E) gametogenesis.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: Spirogyra are able to reproduce by conjugation, in this process physical contact between cells allows for the transmission of DNA between two filaments.Bloom's

Question 3

The idea that mitochondria may have resulted when a nucleated cell engulfed aerobic bacteria is known as the

A) chemiosmotic theory.
B) endosymbiotic hypothesis.
C) Lyon hypothesis.
D) theory of evolution by means of acquired characteristics.
E) theory of acquisition of organelles.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria originated when a nucleated cell engulfed aerobic bacteria and chloroplasts originated when a cell with a mitochondria engulfed a cyanobacteria.Bloom's

Question 4

Why are green algae placed in the Protista while plants are placed in a separate kingdom?

A) The green algae use chlorophyll a while plants use chlorophyll b.
B) Green algae have a cell wall of chitin while plants have cell walls of cellulose.
C) Plants enclose and protect the embryo within the female plant while green algae do not.
D) All plants are vascular while all green algae are non-vascular.
E) Algae are sporophytes that reproduce only asexually while plants are gametophytes and reproduce sexually.

Question 5

A member of the green algae is

A) Amoeba proteus.
B) Plasmodium vivax.
C) Chlamydomonas.
D) Penicillium.
E) Paramecium.

Question 6

The kingdom Protista includes all of the following kinds of organisms EXCEPT

A) protozoa.
B) algae.
C) water molds.
D) yeasts.
E) slime molds.

Question 7

Which is NOT part of the correct description of a protozoan?

A) heterotrophic
B) multicellular
C) usually motile
D) have usual eukaryotic organelles
E) produce cysts

Question 8

A unicellular alga that has both plant-like photosynthesis and animal-like motility is a(n)

A) diatom.
B) dinoflagellate.
C) euglenoid.
D) zooflagellate.
E) red algae.

Question 9

A simplified list of characteristics of "algae" includes the following Green Algae- mostly freshwater,cell wall,chlorophylls a and b
Euglenoids- mostly freshwater,no cell wall,chlorophylls a and b
Brown Algae- mostly marine,cell wall,chlorophylls a and c
Diatoms- marine and freshwater,cell wall,chlorophylls a and c
Dinoflagellates- mostly marine,cell wall,chlorophylls a and c
Red Algae- mostly marine,chlorophylls a and phycobilin
From examination of this restricted set of data,and referring back to discussions of systematics and taxonomy,it is most likely that the most primitive algae

A) were marine.
B) were freshwater.
C) contained cell walls.
D) contained chlorophyll a.
E) contained chlorophyll c.

Question 10

Members of which genus of algae are found in ponds and have chloroplasts that are arranged in a spiral?

A) Ulva
B) Spirogyra
C) Euglena
D) Chlamydomonas
E) Volvox

Question 11

"Red tides" are produced by massive blooms of

A) diatoms.
B) dinaflagellates.
C) red algae.
D) brown algae.
E) multicellular green algae.

Question 12

Which type of organism causes a "red tide"?

A) euglenoids
B) water molds
C) brown algae
D) green algae
E) dinaflagellates

Question 13

Which is grouped with the algae?

A) sporozoa
B) zooflagellates
C) slime molds
D) diatoms
E) ciliates

Question 14

An example of a colonial green alga is

A) Ulva.
B) Chlamydomonas.
C) Volvox.
D) Spirogyra.
E) Fucus.

Question 15

Protist reproduction

A) is asexual only.
B) is sexual only.
C) is neither sexual nor asexual.
D) is mostly sexual with asexual as a second option.
E) is mostly asexual with sexual as a second option.

Question 16

A pellicle,either rigid or flexible,could be found in

A) diatoms.
B) brown and red algae.
C) dinoflagellates.
D) green algae.
E) euglenoids.

Question 17

Single-celled eukaryotes belong to the kingdom

A) Prokaryotae.
B) Protista.
C) Archaea.
D) Plantae.
E) Animalia.

Question 18

The ____ algae are thought to be closely related to the first plants because they share most of the characteristics of plants.

A) brown
B) red
C) green
D) white
E) pink

Question 19

An example of a filamentous green alga is

A) Ulva.
B) Chlamydomonas.
C) Volvox.
D) Spirogyra.
E) Fucus.

Question 20

The kind of algae that help to build a coral reef are

A) Porphyra.
B) Laminaria.
C) coralline algae.
D) Paramecium.
E) Chlamydomonas.

Question 21

____ are mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems.

A) Algae
B) Viruses
C) Fungi
D) Protozoans
E) Ciliates

Question 22

Which form of protist has a complicated parasitic life cycle that nearly always involves the production of infective spores?

A) sporozoans
B) zooflagellates
C) slime molds
D) diatoms
E) ciliates

Question 23

Which can have a cellular form as well as an acellular (plasmodial)form with multiple nuclei?

A) sporozoa
B) zooflagellates
C) slime molds
D) diatoms
E) ciliates

Question 24

____ are organisms that break down dead organic matter in order to absorb the nutrient molecules.

A) Prokaryotes
B) Eukaryotes
C) Parasites
D) Saprotrophs
E) Heterotrophs

Question 25

The most important human parasite among the sporozoa is ____,the causative agent of malaria.

A) Plasmodium vivax
B) trypanosome
C) Amoeba proteus
D) Chlamydomonas
E) Paramecium caudatum

Question 26

Which protist is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement it shows?

A) amoeboids-pseudopodia
B) ciliates-cilia
C) zooflagellates-flagella
D) sporozoa-flexing the pellicle
E) Paramecium-cilia

Question 27

A member of the sporozoan group of protists that can cause diseases is

A) Amoeba proteus.
B) Plasmodium vivax.
C) Chlamydomonas.
D) Penicillium.
E) Paramecium.

Question 28

The deposits of chalky fossils that build the White Cliffs of Dover were produced by

A) radiolaria.
B) foraminiferans.
C) ciliates.
D) diatoms (as diatomaceous earth).
E) dinoflagellates.

Question 29

Water molds are not placed with the fungi because

A) unlike fungi, water molds are saprotrophic.
B) water molds have cell walls of cellulose while fungi have cell walls of chitin.
C) water molds grow only in water.
D) adult water molds are diploid while adult fungi are haploid.
E) unlike fungi, water molds do not have a filamentous body.

Question 30

Organisms that feed on dead organic matter are called

A) chemosynthetic.
B) autotrophic.
C) heterotrophic.
D) saprotrophs.
E) parasitic.

Question 31

Molds and mushrooms belong to the kingdom

A) Archaea.
B) Protists.
C) Fungi.
D) Plantae.
E) Animalia.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a fungus?

A) mushroom
B) yeast
C) ringworm
D) molds
E) amoeba

Question 33

Which of the following organisms move about by means of pseudopodia?

A) Plasmodium vivax
B) trypanosome
C) Amoeba proteus
D) Chlamydomonas
E) Paramecium caudatum

Question 34

The mycelium is a mesh of filaments,each of which is called

A) a super-mycelium.
B) a conidium.
C) an ascospore.
D) a basidiospore.
E) a hypha.

Question 35

The kingdom ____ are characterized by having filaments called hyphae that are used to absorb nutrients.

A) Archaea
B) Protista
C) Fungi
D) Animalia
E) Plantae

Question 36

Fungi are NOT photosynthetic because they lack

A) sporangium.
B) xylem.
C) cell walls.
D) chlorophyll.
E) cell membrane.

Question 37

Which of the following is an incorrect statement?

A) Bacteria, fungi, and protozoans sometimes cause disease.
B) Dinoflagellates, diatoms, and trypanosomes are unicellular algae.
C) Cyanobacteria, diatoms, and euglenoids carry on photosynthesis.
D) Protozoans include amoebas, paramecia, and flagellates.
E) Amoeboids, zooflagellates, and sporozoans can cause human diseases.

Question 38

In what way are fungi like heterotrophic bacteria?

A) They both produce gametes.
B) They are both heterotrophic and play an important role in ecosystems.
C) They both have cell walls of the same material.
D) They are both photosynthetic and thus are producers.
E) They are both eukaryotic.

Question 39

Which is the largest group of protozoans?

A) amoeboids
B) zooflagellates
C) ciliates
D) sporozoans
E) slime molds

Question 40

Which includes the parasites that cause African sleeping sickness?

A) sporozoa
B) zooflagellates
C) slime molds
D) diatoms
E) ciliates

Question 41

When the cap of an average gilled mushroom is cut off and shaken a cloud of powdery material is released.The material released are

A) mycelia.
B) sporangia.
C) hyphae.
D) spores.
E) seeds.

Question 42

The relationship between the fungi and algae in lichens is best described as

A) a mutually beneficial relationship between normally free-living strains.
B) a complete mixing of the genomes of the two groups at the cellular level.
C) an endosymbiotic transfer of the chloroplasts of algae to the hyphae cells.
D) a possible controlled parasitism wherein the fungi withdraw food from the algae and the algae can grow better alone.
E) a possible controlled parasitism wherein the algae are moistened and protected by the fungi but the fungi can grow better alone.

Question 43

Which pair is mismatched?

A) sporangium-bread mold
B) ascocarp-shelf fungi
C) basidium-club fungi
D) penicillin-sac fungi
E) yeasts-sac fungi

Question 44

List the 6 Eukaryotic Supergroups and indicate the types of organisms that belong in each.

Question 45

A fungal structure that results from sexual reproduction and can survive unfavorable growing conditions is the

A) mycelium.
B) sporangium.
C) ascocarp.
D) basidium.
E) zygospore.

Question 46

During fermentation,_________ is produced by yeast cells causing the dough to rise.

A) ethanol
B) carbon dioxide
C) oxygen
D) spores
E) sugar

Question 47

At one time,biologists thought that fungi were merely forms of plants that had lost their chlorophyll and had returned to saprotrophy to gain food.Why is this no longer considered a solid theory?

A) Fungal cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose.
B) Fungi attack and engulf food for internal digestion.
C) Fungi have flagella at some stage, providing mobility that plants never have.
D) Plants are multicellular and fungi are unicellular or multinucleated noncellular plasmodia.
E) Plants store glycogen while fungi store starch.

Question 48

Protists offer a glimpse into the past because they are most likely related to the first prokaryotic cell to have evolved.

Question 49

Sac fungi take their name from the shape

A) of their spores.
B) of the structure that produces the spores.
C) of their fruiting bodies.
D) of their hyphae.
E) made by clusters of sac fungi together.

Question 50

Crustose,fruticose and foliose obtain their nutrients from photosynthetic cells contained within their middle layer.These are varieties of

A) rusts and smuts.
B) mushrooms.
C) yeasts.
D) lichens.
E) mycorrhizae.

Question 51

A mushroom will produce a sexual spore at the tip of a club-shaped

A) mycelia.
B) conidia.
C) ascus.
D) basidia.
E) hypha.

Question 52

In time,bread becomes stale and grows mold on the exposed surfaces.Why does mold not begin growing inside the bread loaf?

A) Mold can grow only on dry surfaces.
B) Only molds at the surface of the bread can get oxygen to respire.
C) Mold actually begins from anywhere inside but produces colored spores only at the surface.
D) There is an antibiotic antagonism between the bread mold and the internal yeasts that made the bread rise.
E) The bread was sterilized when it was baked and thereafter mold spores settle only on the outside of the cooled bread.

Question 53

When two mating strains of hyphae merge,the fungal cells

A) are just another form of haploid cells.
B) are just another name for diploid cells.
C) contain two haploid nuclei.
D) are non-septate plasmodial masses with many nuclei and no cell partitioning.
E) are potential symbionts that can join with algae to form lichens.

Question 54

In the black bread mold

A) conjugation between hyphal cells occurs.
B) binary fission produces haploid spores.
C) spores are used in both the sexual and asexual portions of the life cycle.
D) a diploid zygote enlarges to form a sporangium.
E) spores are only produced by sexual reproduction.

Question 55

Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold)is more likely to appear on home-baked bread than commercially-distributed bread.A possible explanation is

A) the commercially-distributed bread has been refrigerated while the home-baked bread has not.
B) home-baked bread is more likely to contain chemical preservatives than commercially distributed bread.
C) commercially-distributed bread is more likely to contain chemical preservatives than home-baked bread.
D) home ingredients are more likely to contain fungal spores.
E) home-baked bread will contain more nutrients than commercial breads.

Question 56

A chain of asexual spores produced by a sac fungus is called

A) a mycelium.
B) a conidia.
C) an ascospore.
D) a basidiospore.
E) a hypha.

Question 57

Which features set members of protist apart from the rest of the kingdoms?

A) unicellular and microscopic
B) multicellular and microscopic
C) photosynthetic and unicellular
D) heterotrophic and multicellular
E) none of these features set the protists apart from the rest of the kingdoms

Question 58

A member of the sac fungi that contains an ascocarp is

A) Amoeba proteus.
B) Plasmodium vivax.
C) Chlamydomonas.
D) Penicillium species.
E) Paramecium species.

Question 59

Which of the following are NOT grouped with the Protista?

A) protozoans
B) algae
C) slime molds
D) water molds
E) black bread mold

Question 60

The above-ground portion of a mushroom is termed basidiocarp,which specializes in

A) securing food for the organism.
B) reproduction.
C) producing food for humans.
D) disintegration.
E) parasitizing other organisms.

Question 61

Fungal infections are difficult to treat because of the similarity in their nucleus,organelles and ribosomes to those in human cells.

Question 62

Explain why chytrid fungi (phylum Chytridomycota)are believed to have been the first fungi to have evolved.

Question 63

List the six steps in the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax,the protist that causes malaria.

Question 64

Which group of organisms can trace their ancestry to the protists?

A) all of these trace their ancestry to the protists
B) none of these trace their ancestry to the protists
C) fungi
D) plants
E) animals

Question 65

Which of the following organisms does not lead to a fungal disease?

A) Candida albicans
B) Dermatophytes
C) Systemic mycoses
D) Coccidioides immitis
E) Trypanosoma brucei