Deck 18: Senses

Question 1

Interoceptors are regulated by a positive feedback mechanism.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Interoceptors are regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. In this way, they can maintain homeostasis within the body.

Question 2

Receptors that are directly involved in maintaining homeostasis are primarily

A) chemoreceptors.
B) photoreceptors.
C) interoceptors.
D) proprioceptors.
E) exteroceptors.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Interoceptors receive stimuli from inside the body and are directly involved in homeostasis.

Question 3

Generally,the senses of the skin are somewhat specialized with

A) Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini's endings, and Krause's end bulbs detecting pain.
B) Meissner's corpuscles and Merkel's disks detecting fine touch.
C) one type of nerve cell detecting both hot and cold.
D) all types spread uniformly in the dermal tissue throughout the body.
E) temperature receptors are free nerve endings in the dermis.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Meissner's corpuscles, Krause's end bulbs, Merkel's disks, and root hair plexuses are sensitive to fine touch. These are spread in a mosaic throughout the skin. Temperature receptors are free nerve endings in the epidermis. Some respond to cold while others respond to warmth.

Question 4

Which of the following is(are)an example of sensory adaptation?

A) The act of trying to read a vibrating book while riding in a car causes eyestrain.
B) When it is totally dark, the rods and cones of the eyes do not send any visual impulses.
C) After the wound healed, the pain also went away.
D) You notice the smell of liver and onions cooking when you enter the kitchen, but soon you do not notice the odor although they are still cooking.
E) At first you did not like rock music but as you became older, you found you liked it.

Question 5

When an internal pain is felt in a surface region of the skin,it is called

A) referred pain.
B) proprioception.
C) somatic sensing.
D) countersensation.
E) sensory adaptation.

Question 6

Jennifer's doctor tells her that she is experiencing a problem with her proprioceptors.What symptoms must Jennifer be experiencing?

A) falling down
B) memory failure
C) intense pain
D) a fight-or-flight response
E) blindness

Question 7

It is very hot in the room but Jamie does not seem to notice.Her exteroreceptors have detected the heat and sent the message to her brain,but her brain has not correctly determined the message.What does Jamie have a problem with?

A) exteroreceptors
B) detection
C) sensation
D) perception
E) thermoreceptors

Question 8

Which is not a general receptor found in the skin to detect pressure or fine touch?

A) free nerve endings
B) Merkel's disks
C) Krause end bulbs
D) Meissner's corpuscles
E) Pacinian corpuscles

Question 9

Senses whose receptors are associated with the skin,muscles,joints,and viscera are called internal senses.

Question 10

When a stimulus is continuous but we no longer respond to it,the process is called

A) integration.
B) proprioception.
C) somatic sensing.
D) countersensation.
E) sensory adaptation.

Question 11

That impulses from the eye result in sight perception and impulses from the ear are perceived as sound are due to

A) the neurons of the receptor which use different ions to send signals to the brain.
B) the neurons of the receptor which send signals at different frequencies.
C) the final destination of the signals. The signals from the eye travel to the visual perception region of the brain; auditory signals go to the hearing section.
D) the type of signal sent by the neuron, for example, either a visual pattern or a sound pattern as the signal travels through the nerves.
E) the different receptors (photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors) are completely different types of nervous tissue cells.

Question 12

Which of these is true of all receptors?

A) All receptors are sensitive to all the different types of stimuli.
B) They are all stimulated by a change in the external environment.
C) They are all found at the ends of neurons and initiate a nerve impulse that is carried to the brain.
D) They not only receive stimuli but also interpret them.
E) They are all located in the hypothalamus and skin.

Question 13

Taste buds and olfactory cells are considered

A) mechanoreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) radioreceptors.
D) proprioceptors.
E) general receptors.

Question 14

The receptors that detect position and movement of limbs are called

A) mechanoreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) proprioceptors.
D) photoreceptors.
E) nociceptors.

Question 15

Mechanoreceptors do not respond to

A) touch.
B) sound waves.
C) motion.
D) gravity.
E) temperature.

Question 16

The two major types of sensory receptors,based on the origin of stimuli,are

A) chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.
B) photoreceptors and thermoreceptors.
C) chemoreceptors and non-chemoreceptors.
D) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system receptors.
E) exteroceptors and interoceptors.

Question 17

Which is NOT a correct association of sensory receptors?

A) thermoreceptors-pressure waves sensed as "hearing"
B) photoreceptors-sense of "vision"
C) chemoreceptors-detection of carbon dioxide level in blood
D) proprioceptors-sense of position
E) mechanoreceptors-sense of touch

Question 18

There are separate nociceptors for damage due to mechanical damage and damage due to toxic substances.

Question 19

The monitoring of blood oxygen levels within the body is done by what type of receptor?

A) thermoreceptor
B) chemoreceptor
C) mechanoreceptor
D) photoreceptor
E) proprioceptor

Question 20

Taste and smell are examples of exteroceptors.

Question 21

Which of the following is not unique to the sense of smell?

A) It can often be associated with vivid memories.
B) Smell has direct connections to the limbic system and associated emotions.
C) The sense of smell uses a variety of olfactory cell types to permit a wide combination of smell perceptions.
D) Perception of smell is determined by which the pattern or signature of neurons that are stimulated.
E) The sense of smell uses chemoreceptors.

Question 22

Which type(s)of receptor is(are)found in the retina?

A) rods and cones
B) organ of Corti
C) muscle spindles
D) olfactory cells
E) hair cells in ampullae

Question 23

The sclera is continuous with the

A) cornea.
B) iris.
C) retina.
D) choroid coat.
E) fovea centralis.

Question 24

Julie can see very well close up,but has more problems with far away vision.She really has trouble when looking from her paper up to the professor at the front of the class and back again.What part of her eye is most likely the problem?

A) optic nerve
B) fovea
C) cornea
D) ciliary muscle
E) suspensory ligaments

Question 25

David has a problem with his vision.He sees very well but everything is in black and white.The problem is most likely with what part of his eye?

A) the cornea
B) the cones
C) the lens
D) the fovea centralis
E) the retina

Question 26

Approximately 80-90% of what we perceive as "taste" is actually due to a sense of smell.

Question 27

The tongue contains approximately a million taste buds.

Question 28

On the retina there is a specialized region in which vision for color is most acute.This area is called the

A) tectorial membrane.
B) otolith.
C) fovea centralis.
D) blind spot.
E) ampulla.

Question 29

The correct order in which a light ray enters the eye is

A) cornea $\rarr$ vitreous humor $\rarr$ lens $\rarr$ aqueous humor $\rarr$ retina.
B) lens $\rarr$ vitreous humor $\rarr$ cornea $\rarr$ aqueous humor $\rarr$ retina.
C) lens $\rarr$ cornea $\rarr$ aqueous humor $\rarr$ vitreous humor $\rarr$ retina.
D) cornea $\rarr$ aqueous humor $\rarr$ lens $\rarr$ vitreous humor $\rarr$ retina.
E) lens $\rarr$ aqueous humor $\rarr$ cornea $\rarr$ vitreous humor $\rarr$ retina.

Question 30

Color vision depends on three types of cones that contain pigments sensitive to either

A) red, green, or blue light.
B) red, green, or orange light.
C) red, yellow, or blue light.
D) red, white, or blue light.
E) green, blue, or yellow light.

Question 31

The structure that regulates the size of the opening for light in the eye is the

A) pupil.
B) retina.
C) iris.
D) ciliary muscle.
E) lens.

Question 32

Where are the photoreceptors of the eye located?

A) retina
B) optic nerve
C) choroid layer
D) sclera
E) organ of Corti

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the rod photoreceptors?

A) They contain the pigment rhodopsin.
B) They are functional only in dim light.
C) They detect even the slightest motion.
D) They detect fine detail.
E) The stimulus formed results from the breakdown of rhodopsin.

Question 34

Scott has lost his sense of smell due to an accident,although to look at him you would never know anything was wrong.Upon external examination,his doctor cannot see any damage either.What part of Scott's body has been damaged?

A) his oral cavity
B) his nasal cavity
C) his olfactory tract to the brain
D) his pharynx
E) his nose

Question 35

The order in which light reaches the lens of a human eye is

A) pupil $\rarr$ cornea $\rarr$ aqueous humor $\rarr$ lens.
B) lens $\rarr$ aqueous humor $\rarr$ pupil $\rarr$ cornea.
C) cornea $\rarr$ aqueous humor $\rarr$ pupil $\rarr$ lens.
D) cornea $\rarr$ pupil $\rarr$ aqueous humor $\rarr$ lens.
E) cornea $\rarr$ vitreous humor $\rarr$ pupil $\rarr$ lens.

Question 36

There is perhaps a fifth type of taste bud sensitive to umami.

Question 37

Which of the following is not one of the four types of taste?

A) salty
B) hot
C) sour
D) sweet
E) bitter

Question 38

When you perceive a sense of taste,your brain

A) responds to the one taste sense (sweet, sour, etc.) that is sending the most signals.
B) takes an average of the taste messages being received.
C) uses memory to form a taste image after eliminating those signals (sweet, salty, etc.) not received.
D) identifies the chemical profile as a mix of sweet, sour, etc. and remembers the taste from previous experiences.
E) takes a near infinite variety of taste signals and generalizes them into one of the four primary tastes.

Question 39

Which of the following is a FALSE statement?

A) The iris regulates the amount of light reaching the retina.
B) The rods are involved in black and white vision.
C) There is a blind spot where the optic nerve joins the retina.
D) The sclera is the outer coat of the eye.
E) The anterior chamber is filled with vitreous humor.

Question 40

When you look at an image,it is inverted on the back of the retina and yet appears right-side-up when perceived in the brain.What part of the body is responsible for inverting the image?

A) the retina
B) the rods and cones
C) the optic nerve
D) the brain
E) the lens

Question 41

The fluid within the semicircular canals and the otoliths present in the utricle and saccule play very similar roles in our sense of equilibrium.

Question 42

Both eyes "see" the entire visual field.However,because of the optic chiasma

A) only data from the left half of the retina goes to the visual cortex where it is "seen."
B) data from the left half of the retina goes to the right visual cortex and data from the right half of the retina goes to the left visual cortex.
C) data from the right half of the retina goes to the right visual cortex and data from the left half of the retina goes to the left visual cortex.
D) the image on the back of the retina is inverted compared to reality.
E) objects in the blind spot will disappear.

Question 43

What causes "loudness"?

A) The wave frequency or number of vibrations per second increases.
B) The fluid in the cochlea vibrates with more force and this causes the basilar membrane to move more up and down with greater force.
C) The distribution of hair cells that are stimulated changes.
D) The louder the noise, the more both ears send the same nerve impulses.
E) The auditory reception region of the brain simply assigns greater volume to sounds coming from sources that are visually recognized as being louder.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT true about cones?

A) They detect color of an object.
B) They detect detail of an object.
C) They require high intensity light.
D) Cones are more numerous in the retina than rods.
E) They are absent from the fovea centralis.

Question 45

The direction of movement of the head relative to gravity is determined by

A) stereocilia in a gelatinous material called a cupula.
B) movement of fluid in the ampulla.
C) displacement of otoliths on the otolithic membrane.
D) asymmetric nerve impulses from proprioceptors on the left and right side of the head.
E) integration of the visual and auditory signals in the equilibria center of the cortex.

Question 46

From your understanding of the anatomy of the ear,what is the most likely explanation for a dog's ability to hear higher frequencies (pitch)?

A) more ear bones for greater amplification
B) larger outer ears
C) a thinner and therefore more sensitive tympanum (eardrum)
D) a wider range to the tectorial membrane and hair cells
E) a more advanced brain section devoted to hearing

Question 47

Puncturing the eardrum would

A) make you totally deaf.
B) prevent the normal transmission of sound vibration.
C) destroy the sense receptors for hearing.
D) account for why some people who hear still cannot sing a tune.
E) account for dizziness and equilibrium problems.

Question 48

The brain has taken the visual field apart even though we see it as a unified visual field.

Question 49

From what you currently know,in a spacecraft at a point of weightlessness,which effect is most likely?

A) Rotational equilibrium would be lacking and you could not detect head movement.
B) Gravitational equilibrium would be altered since the otoliths would not be pulled down by gravity.
C) Without gravity, there would be no vertigo.
D) All balance systems would work similar to being on earth with normal gravity.
E) There would be absolutely no sense of balance signals of either type without gravity.

Question 50

The malleus,incus,and stapes are

A) located in the inner ear.
B) equivalent terms for the saccule, utricle, and the otolith.
C) surrounded by fluid in a bony cavity.
D) located between the tympanic membrane and the oval window.
E) located between the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane.

Question 51

Rotational equilibrium is movement in which plane? What does it depend upon?

A) angula, utricle, & saccule
B) angular, semicircular canals
C) vertical, utricle, & saccule
D) vertical, semicircular canals
E) horizontal, utricle, & saccule

Question 52

Which correctly traces the path of a sound vibration until the signal is sent to the brain?

A) auditory canal $\rarr$ tympanic membrane $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ oval window $\rarr$ cochlea $\rarr$ cochlear nerve
B) auditory canal $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ tympanic membrane $\rarr$ oval window $\rarr$ cochlea $\rarr$ cochlear nerve
C) auditory canal $\rarr$ tympanic membrane $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ cochlea $\rarr$ oval window $\rarr$ cochlear nerve
D) auditory canal $\rarr$ tympanic membrane $\rarr$ oval window $\rarr$ cochlea $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ cochlear nerve
E) auditory canal $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ oval window $\rarr$ tympanic membrane $\rarr$ cochlea $\rarr$ cochlear nerve

Question 53

There are more rods than cones but many rods may synapse with one ganglion cell while only one cone does.Therefore,when light intensity drops at nighttime,we can expect a lit city street scene to be

A) intense in color and very sharp.
B) more black-and-white but very sharp.
C) intense in color but grainy.
D) more black-and-white and grainy.
E) identical to the image formed of the street in daytime.

Question 54

Which pair is mismatched?

A) semicircular canals-inner ear
B) ampulla-outer ear
C) auditory canal-outer ear
D) ossicles-middle ear
E) stapes-oval window

Question 55

If you did not have hair within your inner ear,you would not be able to hear.

Question 56

The bones of the middle ear

A) respond to a change in the position of the head.
B) transmit sound waves.
C) are sense receptors connected to the auditory nerve.
D) are named the malleus, incus, and otolith.
E) are connected to the tectorial membrane and oval window.

Question 57

Which of the following groups contain all membranous structures?

A) ossicles, tympanic membrane, oval window
B) cochlea, ampulla, otoliths
C) tympanic membrane, oval window, round window
D) malleus, incus, stapes
E) tympanic membrane, oval window, stapes

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT necessary to "see" an object?

A) retina
B) optic nerve
C) frontal lobe of the cerebrum
D) nerve impulse
E) bipolar cells

Question 59

The sense of rotational equilibrium is accomplished by hair cells found in the

A) cochlear duct.
B) outer ear.
C) middle ear.
D) ampulla.
E) cochlea (organ of Corti).

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Hearing is not dependent on the inner ear.
B) All parts of the organ of Corti hear all ranges of sound.
C) Loud music does not damage your ears.
D) Hearing is dependent on mechanical pressure.
E) Sound is similar to light insofar as it is transmitted through the vacuum of space.

Question 61

What change in shape will happen to the lens when an individual tries to focus on an image that is close?

A) The lens will round up in order to bring the image to focus on the retina.
B) The lens will flatten out in order to bring the image to focus on the retina.
C) The lens will round up in order to bring the image to focus on the sclera.
D) The lens will flatten out in order to bring the image to focus on the sclera.
E) The lens does not change shape in order to focus on an image that is close up.

Question 62

Deafness due to injury to the auditory center of the brain could be alleviated by the use of a hearing aid.

Question 63

What part of the brain do the olfactory bulbs connect to?

A) limbic system
B) pons
C) medulla
D) brain stem
E) temporal lobe

Question 64

What is the location of the sensory receptors associated with the sense of smell?

A) roof of the nasal cavity
B) inner lining of the nose
C) back of the pharynx
D) inferior portion of the nasal cavity
E) frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 65

As people age,they tend to lose their sense of smell and their hearing.

Question 66

The doctor tells you that you have anosmia.What is your problem?

A) no sense of smell
B) an inability to fall asleep
C) an inability to stay asleep
D) vertigo
E) deafness

Question 67

The most frequent cause of blindness in adults are retinal disorders.

Question 68

Which cutaneous receptors are concentrated in the fingertips and palms?

A) Meissner's corpuscles
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) Ruffini endings
D) root hair plexus
E) free nerve endings

Question 69

When a baseball player is hit in the back by a ball,what is detected by the pain receptors?

A) Chemicals that are released by the damaged cells.
B) The pressure produced by the trauma.
C) The body's position during the time of the injury.
D) The temperature of the day.
E) None of these would be detected by the pain receptors.

Question 70

Glaucoma is caused by

A) hardening of the lens.
B) inadequate drainage of the aqueous humor.
C) loss of the otoliths.
D) loss of taste cells.
E) over stimulation of the ampulla.

Question 71

Which health problem is associated with a decrease in the ability to taste certain foods?

A) allergies
B) upper respiratory tract infection
C) brain tumors
D) exposure to drugs
E) all of these can decrease a persons ability to taste certain foods

Question 72

What structures are responsible for detecting odor?

A) receptor proteins on the olfactory cells
B) receptor lipids on the olfactory cells
C) receptor carbohydrates on the olfactory cells
D) receptor proteins on the sclera
E) receptor proteins on the ossicles

Question 73

Stereocilia on hair cells are involved in both our rotational and our gravitational sense of equilibrium.

Question 74

A person who is farsighted cannot see close objects because

A) the lens is too small.
B) the optic nerve is damaged.
C) the eyeball is too short.
D) the eyeball is too long.
E) of a lack of rod receptors.

Question 75

If light rays are not focused evenly on the retina,a fuzzy image is formed.This condition is called

A) nearsightedness.
B) farsightedness.
C) astigmatism.
D) cataracts.
E) conduction deafness.

Question 76

You go to the doctor because you have been experiencing dizziness.Where does the doctor look first?

A) in your ears
B) in your mouth
C) in your eyes
D) in your nose
E) at your skin

Question 77

Which is NOT a correct association of sensory problems?

A) color blindness-lack of red or green cones
B) deafness-infection with certain viruses such as the rubella virus
C) cataracts-lens becomes opaque with aging and sun exposure
D) nearsighted-unable to see near objects in detail
E) otosclerosis-new bones overgrow the stirrup requiring surgery

Question 78

Vertigo would most likely result from

A) continuous stimulation of the tympanic membrane.
B) bipolar cells stimulating the retina.
C) continuous fluid movement in the semicircular canals.
D) increased vibrations in the basilar membrane.
E) lack of red or green cones.

Question 79

You are a sun worshipper,constantly sunbathing without sun screen or other protective devices.In addition you are also a smoker.These behaviors have significantly increased your chances of getting what disease?

A) glaucoma
B) cataracts
C) vertigo
D) Meniere's disease
E) anosmia

Question 80

In nearsightedness,light rays are brought into focus

A) in front of the retina.
B) in back of the retina.
C) on the retina.
D) on the hair cells of the ampulla.
E) unevenly across the retina.