Deck 9: Plant Organization

Question 1

Both plants and animals have organs and tissues.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: We are more familiar with organs and tissues in animals, but plants also have these.

Question 2

Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by the

A) xylem.
B) phloem.
C) epidermis.
D) trichomes.
E) procambium.

Answer 2

B
Explanation: Xylem and phloem are transport tissues. Xylem transports water and minerals while phloem transports organic molecules such as sugars.

Question 3

Most of the water obtained by a plant enters through the

A) cambium layer.
B) palisade cells.
C) root hairs.
D) stomata.
E) bark.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: The root hairs of the roots absorb the majority of the plant's water.

Question 4

The cells that make up xylem are no longer living.

Question 5

In roots,which structure increases surface area for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil?

A) root hairs
B) root cap
C) Casparian strip
D) vascular cylinder
E) zone of elongation

Question 6

Plant vascular tissue contains

A) collenchyma and lignin.
B) xylem and phloem.
C) epidermis and cuticle.
D) periderm and cork.
E) parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.

Question 7

A stem is identified by being aboveground and green.

Question 8

Epidermal tissue,ground tissue,and vascular tissue systems are derived from

A) sclerenchyma cells.
B) vascular cambium.
C) cork cambium.
D) apical meristem.
E) vascular bundles.

Question 9

Cells of the ground tissue system are called

A) epidermal cells.
B) tracheids and vessel elements.
C) sieve-tube members and companion cells.
D) periderm and cork cells.
E) parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.

Question 10

Which of these associations is incorrect?

A) epidermal tissue-epidermal cell
B) ground tissue-parenchymal cell
C) ground tissue-tracheid
D) vascular tissue-sieve-tube member
E) vascular tissue-vessel element

Question 11

The tendrils that support vining plants are a type of stem.

Question 12

As soon as a beautiful plant in your backyard blooms,you remove the flowers.By doing so,you have now inhibited the growth of the plant.

Question 13

Which of the following is a reproductive structure of a plant?

A) roots
B) stems
C) flowers
D) leaves
E) shoot system

Question 14

The point on a stem to which a leaf or bud is attached is termed the

A) bud scale.
B) axillary bud.
C) node.
D) internode.
E) lenticel.

Question 15

What organic substance makes the walls of sclerenchyma cells tough and hard?

A) suberin
B) stomata
C) trichomes
D) cuticle
E) lignin

Question 16

The stalk that attaches a leaf blade to a stem is a/an

A) bud scale.
B) axillary bud.
C) node.
D) internode.
E) petiole.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a major function of roots?

A) absorb water
B) absorb minerals
C) produce hormones
D) anchor and support the plant
E) transport of materials throughout the plant

Question 18

You are planning to build a swimming pool in your backyard.How close can you get to the trees in your backyard without disturbing their root structure?

A) all the way up to the trunk
B) within a foot of the trunk
C) up to the crown of the tree
D) at least 4-5 times the diameter of the crown of the tree
E) at least 10-20 times the diamter of the crown of the tree

Question 19

The function of meristematic tissue is

A) production of new tissues.
B) protection.
C) transport.
D) support.
E) reproduction.

Question 20

Upon visiting a redwood forest,you realize that because of their meristematic tissue these ancient trees are still growing.

Question 21

Xylem tissue contains

A) vessel elements and tracheids.
B) sieve-tube members and companion cells.
C) apical meristem.
D) epidermis and ground tissue.
E) parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.

Question 22

You need to identify a plant but it is winter and the leaves have fallen to the ground mixed with others.The parts of flowers,fruits,and seed leaves of germinating seeds are not available either.Your best clue to whether it is a monocot or a eudicot is to

A) inspect the stem for woody bark since only eudicots have woody tissue.
B) determine if there is an apical meristem at the tip of the plant which indicates it is a monocot.
C) determine if the roots lack phloem and xylem which indicates a monocot.
D) cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are in a distinct ring, it is a monocot.
E) cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are scattered in the stem, it is a monocot.

Question 23

A cross section through the zone of maturation of a root would show

A) cells of the root cap.
B) the apical meristem.
C) transport tissues.
D) greatly elongated, undifferentiated cells.
E) dividing cells.

Question 24

The fibers that get stuck between your teeth when you eat celery are

A) sclerenchyma.
B) meristems.
C) trichomes.
D) parenchyma.
E) collenchyma.

Question 25

Your task in laboratory is to find cells that have projections to increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals.Which of the following slides would you use to find these cells?

A) Eudicot woody stem slide
B) Leaf slide of moncot or eudicot
C) Monocot stem slide
D) Root slide showing root cap
E) Root slide showing zone of maturation

Question 26

An aphid is an insect that has mouthparts to sip plant sap.When placed on a herbaceous stem,it soon has its mouthparts embedded and is withdrawing plant sap.Sometimes so much plant sap is taken that it cannot use all of it and the aphid secretes droplets of the sugar to attract ants that in turn protect and care for the aphids.What layer of cells has the aphid's mouthparts tapped?

A) xylem
B) phloem
C) parenchyma
D) trichomes
E) collenchyma

Question 27

The waxy material known as the Casparian strip is found on the

A) cuticle.
B) xylem vessels.
C) vascular cambium.
D) endodermal cells.
E) epidermal cells.

Question 28

The tissue that regulates entrance of minerals into the vascular cylinder of a root is(are)the

A) cortex.
B) epidermis.
C) endodermis.
D) pericycle.
E) root hairs.

Question 29

The iris is a plant with long,sword-like leaves.Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags." When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement,the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem.From this description,it is obvious that the iris is a

A) woody plant.
B) combination of monocot and eudicot traits.
C) monocotyledon.
D) eudicotyledon.
E) primitive plant that has not yet evolved to have either monocot or eudicot features.

Question 30

Some plant leaves and stems are covered with hairs.

Question 31

If you wanted to grow a new plant in the laboratory with the appropriate technology,which tissue type would you not start with?

A) companion cells
B) parenchyma cells
C) sieve-tube members
D) epidermis
E) meristem

Question 32

Monocots differ from eudicots in that monocots have

A) two cotyledons in the seed.
B) leaf veins that are parallel.
C) flower parts in 4s or 5s.
D) stem vascular bundles in a distinct ring.
E) phloem in a root located between areas of xylem.

Question 33

Root hairs are found in which area of the root?

A) zone of maturation
B) zone of elongation
C) zone of cell division
D) apical meristem
E) root cap

Question 34

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the arrangement of tissue in the eudicot root?

A) The epidermis of the root consists of a single layer of cells.
B) The specialized root tissues can be seen at the zone of maturation.
C) The pericycle is the outer layer of cells in the vascular cylinder and has the ability to form secondary or branch roots.
D) The Casparian strip is a waxy lining on four sides of the cells of the endodermis that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the vascular cylinder.
E) The star-shaped phloem is located in the center of the vascular cylinder, with xylem arranged between the arms of the phloem.

Question 35

Which of these associations is incorrect?

A) epidermal cell--protection
B) stomata--gas exchange
C) sclerenchyma cells--cell division
D) sieve-tube members--sugar transport
E) xylem cells--water transport

Question 36

Which cells are relatively unspecialized and correspond to a generalized plant cell?

A) epidermal
B) tracheid
C) parenchyma
D) sclerenchyma
E) meristem

Question 37

Which cell found in phloem tissue has a nucleus?

A) vessel element
B) tracheids
C) sieve-tube member
D) guard cell
E) companion cell

Question 38

The specialized tissue in a root that functions in food storage is the

A) epidermis.
B) endodermis.
C) cortex.
D) vascular cylinder.
E) Casparian ring.

Question 39

Which of the following is a monocot?

A) dandelions
B) oak trees
C) maple trees
D) palm trees
E) roses

Question 40

Which association is incorrect?

A) vessel element--xylem
B) guard cells--epidermis
C) parenchyma--ground tissue
D) sieve-tube member--bark
E) cuticle--epidermis

Question 41

The role of mycorrhizae is to

A) take up and reduce atmospheric nitrogen.
B) improve the extraction of water and minerals from the soil.
C) store food for the plant in the fungal bodies.
D) increase vegetative reproduction.
E) acquire oxygen for cellular respiration in root tissues.

Question 42

A fifteen-foot tree growing in a fence row is used as a fence post to which barbed wire is stapled at a height of five feet.Years later,the tree is thirty feet high.The barbed wire of the fence is embedded in the tree bark at

A) still five feet high since the lengthening of the trunk occurs at the apical meristem.
B) fifteen feet up since the tree doubled in height.
C) twenty feet up, still ten feet from the top of the tree.
D) twenty feet up, but because it added fifteen feet to the original five-foot height.
E) ten feet up, half of the increase in size; the second half is an increase in the girth of the tree

Question 43

Which of the following is not true of primary and secondary growth?

A) occur in woody stems
B) increase both the length and girth of plants, respectively
C) involve two types of meristem tissues
D) occur in both woody and herbaceous stems
E) occur in trees and shrubs

Question 44

When a plant grows upward,the distance between the internodes increases in length.

Question 45

Beans,peas,and other legumes have root nodules that are caused by ____ and have the role of ____.

A) bacteria, taking up and reducing atmospheric nitrogen
B) bacteria, improving the extraction of water and minerals from the soil
C) fungi, storing food for the plant in the fungal bodies
D) fungi, improving the extraction of water and minerals from the soil
E) fungi, taking up and reducing atmospheric nitrogen

Question 46

Only leaves carry out photosynthesis.

Question 47

If you had a problematic hillside that continually eroded when it rained,plants with which type of roots would best solve your problem?

A) adventitious
B) taproots
C) mycorrhizal
D) fibrous
E) haustoria

Question 48

The layer that makes the Casparian strip waterproof is made of

A) meristem.
B) cuticle.
C) suberin and lignin.
D) plasmodesmata.
E) spongy layer.

Question 49

Evolutionary advantages of being "woody" include

A) very little energy is required to produce wood.
B) tall growth that allows greater leaf access to sunlight.
C) less need for defense mechanisms against herbivores and parasites.
D) not as affected by varying amounts of rainfall.
E) can reproduce before several seasons pass.

Question 50

What specialized types of primary meristem develop from a shoot apical meristem?

A) epidermis, pith, cortex
B) protoderm, ground meristem, procambium
C) primary xylem, primary phloem, cortex
D) secondary xylem, secondary phloem, pith
E) vascular cambium, ground meristem, and pith

Question 51

If the pericycle in a plant was missing,what would be affected?

A) There would be no branch roots.
B) There would be no root hairs.
C) There would be no xylem and phloem.
D) The meristem would not be present.
E) The root would not be able to store starches.

Question 52

Which of these is paired incorrectly?

A) protoderm-epidermis
B) protoderm-primary xylem
C) ground meristem-pith
D) ground meristem-cortex
E) procambium-vascular cambium

Question 53

You can tell the age of a stem by counting the bud scale scars.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is NOT true about wood?

A) In the temperate regions, wood forms annual rings.
B) The vessels will be larger in size in the spring due to more moisture.
C) The wood produced in the summer will have a lower proportion of vessels than wood produced in the spring.
D) In large trees, the most recently formed layer of cells transports water.
E) Heartwood transports water to the leaves throughout the life of the tree.

Question 55

Which of the following is the correct sequence of zones in a longitudinal section of a root,starting from the bottom?

A) zone of cell division $\rarr$ zone of elongation $\rarr$ zone of maturation
B) zone of cell division $\rarr$ zone of maturation $\rarr$ zone of elongation
C) zone of maturation $\rarr$ zone of elongation $\rarr$ zone of cell division
D) zone of maturation $\rarr$ zone of cell division $\rarr$ zone of elongation
E) zone of elongation $\rarr$ zone of maturation $\rarr$ zone of cell division

Question 56

Wood is composed of

A) cork.
B) cork cambium.
C) secondary phloem.
D) secondary xylem.
E) sieve-tube members.

Question 57

The roots of many plants have a relationship with fungi called

A) root nodules.
B) root hairs.
C) trichomes.
D) adventitious roots.
E) mycorrhizae.

Question 58

Which is NOT a correct association?

A) strawberry-stolon
B) onion-bulb
C) iris-rhizome
D) gladiolus-bulb
E) potato-tuber

Question 59

Primary growth of a stem is due to the activity of the vascular meristem.

Question 60

Parasitic plants have specialized roots for invading a host plant's tissues.What are these roots called?

A) adventitious
B) taproots
C) mycorrhizal
D) fibrous
E) haustoria

Question 61

Considering that leaf stomata have the conflicting functions of allowing gaseous carbon dioxide into the leaf,yet preserving the plant's supply of water,which of the following is NOT reasonable?

A) Tree leaves that orient flat and present the top side to the sun would have most of their stomata on the bottom of the leaf.
B) A submerged-water plant would have no stomata.
C) Corn, oats, rice, and wheat (all monocots) have relatively upright blades with sunlight hitting both sides and would have stomata distributed fairly evenly on both sides.
D) Leaves of plants in dry areas will have more stomata than leaves of plants in humid areas.
E) Plants in arid environments open their stomata at night when temperatures are cooler and evaporation occurs less.

Question 62

When you have waxed your car,rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood.This property where the water molecules stick together is known as

A) adhesion.
B) turgor pressure.
C) cohesion.
D) transpiration.
E) negative pressure potential.

Question 63

The function of the spongy layer of a leaf is primarily

A) photosynthesis.
B) gas exchange.
C) vascular transport.
D) protein synthesis.
E) as a shock absorber.

Question 64

The tissue layers of a leaf,from the upper surface to the lower surface,are

A) epidermis, cuticle, mesophyll layer, epidermis.
B) cuticle, epidermis, spongy mesophyll, palisade mesophyll, epidermis, cuticle.
C) epidermis, palisade layer, spongy layer, epidermis.
D) cuticle, epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, epidermis, cuticle.
E) epidermis, cuticle, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, cuticle, epidermis.

Question 65

The loss of water by evaporation from a leaf is termed

A) transpiration.
B) perspiration.
C) transduction.
D) translocation.
E) transcription.

Question 66

Which statement about leaves is NOT correct?

A) The photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer.
B) The epidermis is covered by a waxy layer of cuticle that reduces water loss.
C) Gas exchange occurs through tiny openings in the leaf surface called stomata.
D) Vascular tissue is arranged in a net pattern in eudicots and a parallel pattern in monocots.
E) Regulation of gas exchange through the leaf is the responsibility of the guard cells.

Question 67

The meristematic tissue used for secondary growth that is found between the xylem and phloem of each vascular bundle in eudicot stems is termed the

A) apical meristem.
B) root meristem.
C) cork cambium.
D) vascular cambium.
E) pericycle.

Question 68

Cabbage,spinach,and lettuce all come from the which part of the plant?

A) roots
B) stems
C) petioles
D) leaves
E) bark

Question 69

Which of the following is the pathway for water transport in a plant?

A) root hairs $\rarr$ cortex $\rarr$ vascular cylinder $\rarr$ leaf cells
B) root hairs $\rarr$ pith $\rarr$ endodermis $\rarr$ xylem $\rarr$ leaves
C) epidermis $\rarr$ cortex $\rarr$ phloem $\rarr$ root
D) epidermis $\rarr$ pericycle $\rarr$ cortex $\rarr$ xylem $\rarr$ leaves
E) root hairs $\rarr$ endodermis $\rarr$ leaves $\rarr$ xylem $\rarr$ pith

Question 70

Stomata open

A) when a plant is water-stressed in the daylight.
B) in the dark when a plant is respiring.
C) in the light when a plant is running photosynthesis.
D) only when it is raining.
E) in the dark when a plant is photosynthesizing.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT true about the cohesion-tension model of water transport?

A) Water must completely fill the pipeline.
B) Water molecules attract one another.
C) Transpiration exerts a tension at the leaves.
D) Water is transported in the phloem.
E) Water must be attracted to the sides of the xylem.

Question 72

During the daytime,stomata in leaves

A) protect the plant.
B) undergo photosynthesis.
C) manufacture carbohydrates.
D) take in water.
E) give off oxygen and take in carbon dioxide.

Question 73

A plant with small leaves and sunken stomata is most likely to be found in a

A) rain forest.
B) desert.
C) grassland.
D) pond.
E) vegetable garden.

Question 74

For water transport to occur there must be

A) palisade and spongy mesophyll.
B) sugar in the phloem.
C) atmospheric pressure available to do the work.
D) low pressure in the roots and high pressure in the leaves.
E) a continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves.

Question 75

Trees are often identified by their leaves.What information about the leaves would you need to observe in order to identify the tree?

A) function of the leaves
B) whether the leaves are lost in the fall
C) blades, pattern of venation, and arrangement on stem
D) size and color
E) whether the veins are parallel or netted

Question 76

Stomata

A) are usually found in the upper epidermis of a leaf.
B) are surrounded by four guard cells.
C) function for primary growth.
D) function in secondary growth.
E) allow gas exchange.

Question 77

Which feature is not found on the epidermis of a plant leaf?

A) bundle sheath cells
B) stomata
C) cuticle
D) trichomes
E) guard cells

Question 78

Which statement is NOT true regarding phloem transport during the summer in plants?

A) The leaves must make sugar.
B) A higher pressure exists in the leaves than in the roots.
C) Water follows sugar into sieve-tube members in the leaves.
D) Sugar is transported by passive diffusion into sieve-tube members.
E) There is a fluid flow from the leaves to the roots.

Question 79

Girdling a tree involves cutting a deep groove all the way around a tree trunk; it would have the effect of

A) triggering additional auxin production and increasing leaf growth.
B) increasing the input of carbon dioxide and increasing photosynthesis.
C) interrupting the flow of minerals and stunting the growth of the tree.
D) interrupting the passage of phloem sap and killing the tree.
E) interrupting the passage of water and killing the tree.

Question 80

The vascular tissue in the leaf is referred to as a

A) vascular bundle.
B) vascular cylinder.
C) vein.
D) vascular pit.
E) vascular cambium.