Deck 12: Annelida: the Metameric Body Form

Question 1

Annelids have a __________ circulatory system.

A)bloodless
B)closed
C)lacunar
D)open
E)countercurrent

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The body cavity of most annelids is divided into compartments by "curtains" of tissue called

A)cirri.
B)setae.
C)muscles.
D)septa.
E)pleura.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In most annelids each body compartment has a __________ ganglion which aids in coordination of swimming and crawling.

A)suprapharyngeal
B)subpharyngeal
C)segmental
D)cerebral
E)cephalic

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The body part surrounding the mouth and bearing tentacles is the __________.

A)pharynx
B)head
C)peristomium
D)notopodium
E)cirrus

Question 5

__________ is the segmental arrangement of body parts.

A)Metamerism
B)Triploblastism
C)Tagmatization
D)Serialism
E)Cephalization

Question 6

__________ are the excretory organs of most polychaetes.

A)Chloragogues
B)Metanephridia
C)Osphradia
D)Nuchal glands
E)Ommatidia

Question 7

External respiratory exchange in most annelids is accomplished by

A)ventilation.
B)active transport.
C)endocytosis.
D)facilitated diffusion.
E)diffusion.

Question 8

The region of the polychaete head that is dorsal and anterior to the mouth,and is sensory in function,is the __________.

A)gnathostome
B)prostomium
C)peristomium
D)protostome
E)pygidium

Question 9

A feature that does NOT characterize annelids is

A)a ventral nerve cord.
B)bilateral symmetry.
C)a complete digestive tract.
D)an acoelomate condition.
E)triploblastic organization.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the phylum Annelida?

A)body with metameric segments
B)chitinous exoskeleton
C)closed circulatory system
D)ventral ganglionated nerve cords
E)excretion by metanephridia or protonephridia

Question 11

Errantian annelids are distinguished by lateral extensions of the body called

A)parapodia.
B)setae.
C)prostomi.
D)palps.
E)tentacles.

Question 12

Recent evidence suggests that annelids share common ancestry with

A)Mollusca.
B)Nematoda.
C)Chordata.
D)Echinodermata.
E)Kinorhyncha.

Question 13

Some polychaetes exhibit epitoky; the __________ is the non-reproductive individual.

A)anatoke
B)heterotoke
C)protogyn
D)atoke
E)hypertoke

Question 14

Which of the following phyla of animals is not considered lophotrochozoan?

A)Annelida
B)Mollusca
C)Nemertea
D)Arthropoda
E)Platyhelminthes

Question 15

The __________ are unusual parts of the annelid nervous system responsible for rapid movements such as escape reactions.

A)segmental ganglia
B)subesophageal ganglia
C)cerebral fibers
D)giant fibers
E)supraesophageal ganglia

Question 16

Some segmented animals have groups of segments specialized for particular functions.The process of forming distinct body regions is called:

A)metamerism.
B)eutely.
C)tagmatization.
D)cephalization.
E)differentiation.

Question 17

__________ increase the surface area for respiratory exchange in some polychaetes.

A)Parapodial gills
B)Dermal branchiae
C)Annuli
D)Septa
E)Mesenteries

Question 18

The open,ciliated funnel of the metanephridium is the

A)infundibulum.
B)epitoke.
C)nephrostome.
D)nephridiopore.
E)flame bulb.

Question 19

The major nitrogenous waste produced by annelids is

A)ammonia.
B)urea.
C)uric acid.
D)guanine.
E)urine.

Question 20

__________ are sensory pits on the heads of annelids that function as chemoreceptors for food detection.

A)Olfactors
B)Auricles
C)Statocysts
D)Phasmids
E)Nuchal organs

Question 21

The superficial external rings on a leech are called:

A)proglottids.
B)tagmata.
C)metameres.
D)annuli.
E)strobilia.

Question 22

The girdle-like structure used for mucus secretion during copulation in some sedentarians is the

A)clitellum.
B)parapodium.
C)atoke.
D)epitoke.
E)prostomium.

Question 23

Clitellates may be characterized as __________ with respect to reproduction.

A)monoecious
B)dioecious
C)asexual
D)protandric
E)parthenogenic

Question 24

Over the last several thousand years,leeches have been utilized by humans

A)to attack foreign invaders.
B)to remove blood from the body.
C)to prevent malaria.
D)as food.
E)to investigate the functioning of nervous systems.

Question 25

As in birds,the __________ acts to grind food in the earthworm digestive tract.

A)gastric mill
B)pharynx
C)crop
D)gizzard
E)stomach

Question 26

Clitellate reproduction may be characterized by

A)the female picking up the spermatophore with the cloaca.
B)reciprocal sperm transfer.
C)hypodermic impregnation.
D)amplexus.
E)shedding of gametes into the environment.

Question 27

The __________ is a thin-walled storage area in the earthworm digestive tract.

A)pharynx
B)stomach
C)crop
D)esophagus
E)gizzard

Question 28

In the clade Clitellata,the larval form is

A)a trochophore.
B)absent.
C)a veliger.
D)dormant.
E)free-living.

Question 29

Leeches typically lack

A)segments.
B)a digestive tract.
C)sense organs.
D)a pharynx.
E)setae.

Question 30

Leeches belong to the annelid clade

A)Oligochaeta.
B)Chaetognatha.
C)Hirudinea.
D)Gnathobdellida.
E)Errantia.

Question 31

The earthworms (and their relatives)and leeches are united into a clade called

A)Hiruchaeta.
B)Chaetognatha.
C)Polychaeta.
D)Oligodinea.
E)Clitellata.

Question 32

The __________ is a dorsal invagination that increases the surface area of the earthworm intestine.

A)crop
B)clitellum
C)esophagus
D)chloragogen
E)typhlosole

Question 33

Annelids convert ammonia to urea in

A)the metanephridia.
B)calciferous glands.
C)nuchal glands.
D)clitellar tissue.
E)chloragogen tissue.

Question 34

Leeches become __________ when searching for food.

A)negatively phototactic
B)negatively thigmotactic
C)negatively chemotactic
D)positively phototactic
E)positively thigmotactic

Question 35

Which of the characters below is not a feature of leeches?

A)hypodermic impregnation
B)asexual reproduction
C)reciprocal sperm transfer
D)sexually reproductive
E)production of a cocoon

Question 36

The anticoagulant secreted by leech salivary glands is

A)hirudin.
B)saliva.
C)salivary amylase.
D)hemerythrin.
E)prothrombin.

Question 37

During feeding,the __________ of earthworms helps to pump in food.

A)prostomium
B)pharynx
C)clitellum
D)esophagus
E)mouth

Question 38

In annelids,the __________ is a site of amino acid metabolism.

A)liver
B)typholosole
C)chloragogen tissue
D)clitellum
E)kidney

Question 39

Recent molecular studies suggest that members of the _____________ are basal annelids,that is they are closest to the ancestral annelid.

A)Chaetognatha
B)Gnathobdellida
C)Chaetopteridae and Sipuncula
D)Oligochaeta
E)Clitellata

Question 40

Chloragogen tissue of annelids is similar in function to the vertebrate

A)kidneys.
B)pancreas.
C)gall bladder.
D)liver.
E)spleen.

Question 41

Which of the following statements reflect the taxonomic status of Sipuncula and Chaetopteridae?

A)They are no longer considered annelids.
B)They are both considered annelids and lie within the Errantia.
C)They are both considered annelids and lie within the Sedentaria.
D)They are both considered basal annelids and lie outside of both Errantia and Sedentaria.

Question 42

Which of the following groups of worms are not in the phylum Annelida?

A)earthworms
B)beard worms
C)spoon worms
D)peanut worms
E)flatworms

Question 43

Reproductive patterns within the Errantia vary between taxa.Nereis and Glycera,however,do show features common to many errantians.All of the following are common to reproduction by both Nereis and Glycera except one.

A)Swarm based on lunar cycles.
B)Trochophore larval stage.
C)Epitoky is present in the life history.
D)Adults die after spawing.
E)Gametes released from the coelom through breaks in the body wall.

Question 44

Echiura,Pognophora,and Sipuncula are all older phylum names.These animals have recently

A)removed from the Clitellata.
B)added to the Annelida.
C)added to the subclass Hirudinea.
D)added to the subclass Oligochaeta.
E)added to the class Polychaeta.

Question 45

Unlike other annelids,echiurans

A)have an open circulatory system.
B)do not possess setae.
C)undergo radial cleavage.
D)are not segmented.
E)have enterocoelous coelom formation.

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true for sipunculans but not for members of the Chaetopteridae? Check all that apply.

A) These worms are not metameric.
B)These worms are phylogenetic enigmas whose taxonomic status is being reconsidered.
C) These worms have been considered in older taxonomies to comprise a phylum separate from Annelida.
D) These worms are bioluminescent.Bioluminescence may help deter predators.
E)External fertilization and development results in the development of trochophore larvae.
F) Feeding involves the use of tentacles surrounding the mouth.