Deck 26: Circulation and Gas Exchange

Question 1

The two main circuits of the mammalian circulatory system are

A)pulmonary and systemic.
B)hepatic and renal.
C)portal and systemic.
D)cardiac and pulmonary.
E)portal and hepatic.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The most numerous of the white blood cells are the

A)monocytes.
B)basophils.
C)neutrophils.
D)lymphocytes.
E)eosinophils.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following animals would have an open circulatory system?

A)flatworm
B)fish
C)reptile
D)bird
E)insect.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

__________ dilates and causes blood vessels to leak fluid at the site of an inflammation.

A)Heparin
B)Histamine
C)Fibrinogen
D)Gamma globulin
E)Amphetamine

Question 5

In vertebrate circulatory systems,exchange between the blood and extracellular fluid occurs through

A)capillaries.
B)venules.
C)arterioles.
D)arteries.
E)veins.

Question 6

The formed-element fraction of vertebrate blood consists of

A)protein and mineral ions.
B)amino acids and sodium ions.
C)blood cells and platelets.
D)thromboplastin.
E)water and dissolved components.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood?

A)granulocyte
B)eosinophil
C)neutrophil
D)hemophil
E)agranulocyte

Question 8

Thick-walled blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are

A)venules.
B)veins.
C)arterioles.
D)capillaries.
E)arteries.

Question 9

Water comprises approximately __________% of mammalian plasma.

A)90
B)75
C)65
D)50
E)10

Question 10

The oxygen-carrying pigment found in the erythrocytes of vertebrates is

A)hemoglobin.
B)chlorocrurin.
C)hemocyanin.
D)hematoprotein.
E)hematocrit.

Question 11

______________ is plasma from which the proteins involved in blood clotting have been removed.

A)Globin
B)Fibrinogen
C)Hemolymph
D)Serum
E)Globulin

Question 12

The oxygen-carrying cells of vertebrate blood are called

A)granulocytes.
B)agranulocytes.
C)leucocytes.
D)platelets.
E)erythrocytes.

Question 13

The plasma proteins comprise about __________% of plasma.

A)50
B)35
C)25
D)15
E)7

Question 14

One of the plasma proteins that influences the distribution of water between the blood and extracellular fluid is

A)heparin.
B)histamine.
C)glutamine.
D)albumin.
E)hemopoietin.

Question 15

The least numerous of the white blood cells are the

A)monocytes.
B)eosinophils.
C)neutrophils.
D)lymphocytes.
E)basophils.

Question 16

The fluid in insects that is analogous to blood is called

A)paralymph.
B)teralymph.
C)somatolymph.
D)hemolymph.
E)gastrolymph.

Question 17

The straw-colored,liquid part of blood is called

A)solute.
B)plasma.
C)hemoglobin.
D)formed element.
E)fibrinogen.

Question 18

The plasma protein that is necessary for blood clotting is

A)gamma globulin.
B)fibrinogen.
C)heparin.
D)albumin.
E)histamine.

Question 19

Most of the human heart is composed of muscle called the

A)endocardium.
B)myocardium.
C)pericardium.
D)epicardium.
E)mesocardium.

Question 20

The central canal of a blood vessel through which blood flows is the

A)enteron.
B)tunica.
C)lumen.
D)hemocoel.
E)arteriosus.

Question 21

Which of the following animals has a pulmocutaneous circulatory route?

A)bird
B)reptile
C)clam
D)frog
E)mammal

Question 22

What developed in fish that required the evolution of a two-chambered pump?

A)An aquatic environment
B)Sexual reproduction.
C)Gills.
D)Blood cells.
E)A fast swimming life style.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to bimodal breathing?

A)The ability of an organism to exchange respiratory gases simultaneously with both air and water.
B)Some salamanders use gills for water breathing and lungs for air breathing.
C)Some bimodal breathers can also be trimodal (skin, gills, and lungs)
D)Bimodal breathing was an important respiratory adaptation between aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
E)In bimodal breathing, lungs replace gills.

Question 24

From an evolutionary perspective,the occurrence of respiratory pigments among various taxa has many phylogenetic explanations.

Question 25

In which organisms do skeletal muscles squeeze against lymphatic vessels to facilitate movement of lymph?

A)fish
B)amphibians
C)mammals
D)reptiles
E)bird embryos

Question 26

The mammalian heart has

A)two ventricles and one atrium.
B)two atria and one ventricle.
C)two atria and two ventricles.
D)one atrium and one ventricle.
E)The answer depends on the mammal, as the primitive monotremes have a different arrangement.

Question 27

The nature of a circulatory system directly relates to the size,complexity,and lifestyle of the animal in question

Question 28

The "pacemaker" of the heart is the __________ node.

A)atrioventricular
B)Purkinje
C)diastolic
D)systolic
E)sinoatrial

Question 29

In a young human adult,normal systolic blood pressure is about

A)70 mm Hg.
B)120 mm Hg.
C)190 mm Hg.
D)220 mm Hg.
E)500 mm Hg.

Question 30

In single-celled organisms such as protozoa,__________ is/are the mechanism(s)used to move gases into and out of the body.

A)vascular gills
B)active transport
C)vascular membranes
D)diffusion
E)costal ventilation

Question 31

Which component of the lymphatic system filters foreign substances from blood and manufactures phagocytic lymphocytes?

A)lymphatics
B)lymph nodes
C)spleen
D)thymus
E)lymphatic capillaries

Question 32

The vertebrate respiratory organ that has the simplest structure is the

A)reptilian lung.
B)fish gill.
C)amphibian gill.
D)bird lung.
E)skin of an amphibian.

Question 33

Book lungs are found in

A)snails.
B)lobsters.
C)beetles.
D)spiders.
E)lizards.

Question 34

Gas exchange structures of some marine annelids are lateral projections called

A)brachial gills.
B)tracheae.
C)skin gills.
D)compact gills.
E)parapodia.

Question 35

During each cardiac cycle,the phase of contraction is

A)systole.
B)rhythmia.
C)diastole.
D)peristalsis.
E)arrhythmia.

Question 36

The vertebrate lung is evolutionarily related to the __________ of fishes.

A)oral cavity
B)swim bladder
C)sinus venosus
D)allantois
E)lateral line system

Question 37

The functional units of human lungs are called

A)alveoli.
B)tracheae.
C)glomeruli.
D)bronchi.
E)bronchioles.

Question 38

In which vertebrate class is cutaneous respiration most highly developed?

A)fishes
B)amphibians
C)reptiles
D)birds
E)mammals

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

A)collecting fluid that seeps from the bloodstream and accumulates in the extracellular fluid
B)returning small amounts of proteins that have left cells
C)delivering glucose to the extracellular fluid
D)transporting lipids absorbed from the small intestine
E)transporting foreign particles and cellular debris to lymph nodes