Deck 24: Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Question 1

Neurons that send processed information to muscles and glands are called

A)transmitters.
B)activators.
C)interneurons.
D)sensory neurons.
E)motor neurons.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

__________ neurons transmit information to the major integrating centers where information is processed.

A)Internuncial
B)Motor
C)Sensory
D)Association
E)Efferent

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The innermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord,and containing blood vessels that nourish the cord,is the

A)arachnoid.
B)dura mater.
C)myelinoid.
D)menix.
E)pia mater.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Motor neurons comprising the __________ nervous system relay commands to skeletal muscles.

A)involuntary
B)somatic (voluntary)
C)visceral
D)parasympathetic
E)autonomic

Question 5

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called

A)nuclei.
B)neuroglia.
C)nucleoli.
D)neurolemmocytes.
E)ganglia.

Question 6

The principle that states that an axon will "fire" at full power or not at all is the

A)neuronal law.
B)axonal restraint.
C)synaptic restraint.
D)graduated response.
E)all answers are incorrect

Question 7

In many neurons,the cell which produces a lipid sheath around the axon or dendrite is called the

A)neurolemmocyte.
B)tectum.
C)ependymal cell.
D)choroid plexus.
E)ganglion.

Question 8

The junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron is called the

A)neuroglia.
B)threshold.
C)end bouton.
D)synapse.
E)action potential.

Question 9

The long cylindrical process that conducts impulses away from the neuron cell body is the

A)effector.
B)apical process.
C)dendrite.
D)cyton.
E)axon.

Question 10

The white matter of the spinal cord gets its name because it is made up of fibers covered with a material which has a whitish color,referred to as

A)myosin.
B)troponin.
C)myelin.
D)actin.
E)keratin.

Question 11

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system are called

A)motor units.
B)ganglia.
C)neurolemmocytes.
D)nuclei.
E)white matter.

Question 12

A stimulus that is strong enough to initiate an impulse is called a(n)__________ stimulus.

A)activation
B)threshold
C)inducer
D)initiation
E)refractory

Question 13

The functional unit of the nervous system is the

A)neuron.
B)brain.
C)nerve.
D)spinal cord.
E)neuroglia.

Question 14

A neuron that is not conducting a nerve impulse is a __________ neuron.

A)depolarized
B)relaxed
C)resting
D)latent
E)plasma

Question 15

The brain area that contains reflex centers for breathing and cardiovascular functions is the

A)cerebrum.
B)cerebellum.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.
E)diencephalon.

Question 16

__________ neurons either act as receptors of stimuli or are activated by receptors.

A)Effector
B)Sensory
C)Connecting
D)Association
E)Motor

Question 17

The type of ion present in higher concentrations inside the plasma membrane of a "resting" neuron is

A)potassium.
B)magnesium.
C)phosphorus.
D)iron.
E)sodium.

Question 18

Bundles of neuronal fibers in the peripheral nervous system are called

A)ganglia.
B)nerves.
C)tracts.
D)nuclei.
E)neurolemmocytes.

Question 19

Bundles of neuronal fibers in the central nervous system are called

A)tracts.
B)nuclei.
C)ganglia.
D)nerves.
E)plexi.

Question 20

The protective membranes around the spinal cord are called the

A)myelin sheaths.
B)menisci.
C)synaptic boutons.
D)meninges.
E)Schwann sheaths.

Question 21

Conduction along myelinated fibers is known as saltatory conduction because

A)sodium ions are especially abundant in this kind of fiber.
B)the sodium pump is responsible for generating action potentials.
C)action potentials are especially intense at the nodes.
D)the "all-or-none" threshold "jumps" in this kind of fiber.
E)action potentials "jump" from one node to the next.

Question 22

"Giant axons" in certain invertebrates

A)always go directly to the brain.
B)carry impulses from the eyes to the CNS.
C)do not end at synapses.
D)increase the speed of impulse travel.
E)directly contact another axon.

Question 23

The brain area that functions in coordination of activities such as limb movement and spatial orientation is the

A)cerebrum.
B)medulla oblongata.
C)pons.
D)optic tectum.
E)cerebellum.

Question 24

The __________ regulates body temperature,sexual drive,carbohydrate metabolism,hunger,and thirst.

A)cerebrum
B)cerebellum
C)medulla oblongata
D)hypothalamus
E)optic tectum

Question 25

The enteric division of the autonomic nervous system controls activity of __________ muscle that produces peristalsis.

A)skeletal
B)cardiac
C)smooth
D)pulmonary
E)voluntary

Question 26

The __________ component of the autonomic nervous system arises from the brain and from the sacral region of the spinal cord.

A)somatic
B)parasympathetic
C)visceral
D)sympathetic
E)peripathetic

Question 27

A hygroreceptor detects

A)the water content of air.
B)the water content of food.
C)the intensity of sound.
D)a touch by a hygro.
E)the taste of certain chemicals.

Question 28

Generally,the number of spinal nerves is directly related to the number of __________ of a vertebrate.

A)appendages
B)motor nerves
C)synapses
D)sensory organs
E)segments in the trunk and tail

Question 29

In __________,there is a progressive increase in size and complexity of the outermost part of the cerebrum,called the cerebral cortex.

A)fishes
B)amphibians
C)reptiles
D)birds
E)mammals

Question 30

A(n)__________ is any form of energy that the animal body is able to detect with its receptors.

A)transducer
B)stimulus
C)abducens
D)sensor
E)perception

Question 31

The optic nerves contain

A)both sensory and motor axons.
B)only motor axons.
C)both sensory and motor dendrites.
D)only motor dendrites.
E)only sensory axons.

Question 32

Sensory nerves

A)directly control a muscle group.
B)carry an impulse from the CNS to a sense organ.
C)carry a nerve impulse from a sense organ to the CNS.
D)carry a nerve impulse to a muscle.
E)carry a nerve impulse both to and from a sense organ.

Question 33

Reception that gives an animal information about the movement of its body parts and their positions relative to one another is called

A)interoception.
B)teloreception.
C)proprioception.
D)mechanoreception.
E)nociception.

Question 34

Receptors that respond to potentially harmful stimuli that produce pain are called

A)exteroreceptors.
B)proprioceptors.
C)interoceptors.
D)nociceptors.
E)mechanoreceptors.

Question 35

The vertebrate cerebellum functions in

A)control of motor coordination.
B)control of body temperature.
C)control of respiration.
D)control of unconscious activity.
E)screening impulses to prevent unnecessary activity.

Question 36

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves in reptiles,birds,and mammals.

A)12
B)10
C)8
D)4
E)2

Question 37

The concentration of receptors and nervous tissue in an animal's anterior end is referred to as

A)lateralization.
B)anteriorization.
C)caudalization.
D)localization.
E)cephalization.

Question 38

The largest part of the human brain is the

A)hypothalamus.
B)pituitary.
C)cerebrum.
D)medulla oblongata.
E)pons.

Question 39

The nervous system of the cnidarians is a(n)__________.

A)hypercephalic net
B)radial net
C)cephalized net
D)nerve net
E)ladder-like net

Question 40

During the evolution of the mammals towards more complex brains,the __________ expands greatly.

A)pineal body
B)hypothalamus
C)diencephalon
D)telencephalon
E)corpora quadrigemina

Question 41

Among the metazoa,all photoreceptors involve the presence of

A)an image forming cornea.
B)a light producing pigment.
C)proprioceptors.
D)a focusing lens.
E)a light sensitive pigment.

Question 42

Pit organs of rattlesnakes are a type of

A)exteroceptor.
B)photoreceptor.
C)thermoreceptor.
D)proprioceptor.
E)nociceptor.

Question 43

Taste receptors are

A)chemoreceptors.
B)mechanoreceptors.
C)Pacinian corpuscles.
D)Meissner's corpuscles.
E)pit organs.

Question 44

__________ is perceived when the skin is touched,but not deformed.

A)Deep pressure
B)Light touch
C)Touch pressure
D)Vibration
E)Heat

Question 45

An area of the inner ear that is concerned with equilibrium is the

A)tectorial membrane.
B)semicircular canals.
C)cochlea.
D)otolith.

Question 46

The __________ first appeared as a structure concerned with the detection of sound waves in amphibians.

A)semicircular canals
B)tympanum
C)external auditory canal
D)malleus
E)auricle

Question 47

The sense of smell is known as

A)olfaction.
B)proprioception.
C)inhalation.
D)nociception.
E)gustation.

Question 48

Alkaloids strongly stimulate this type of taste receptor.

A)sweet
B)sour
C)bitter
D)salty
E)umami

Question 49

The Eustachian tube extends from the middle ear to what structure and permits equalization of air pressure.

A)nasopharynx
B)semicircular canal
C)tympanic membrane
D)cochlea
E)tectorial membrane

Question 50

Which of the following is a type of touch-pressure receptor?

A)tactile corpuscle
B)proprioceptor
C)Pacinian corpuscle
D)nociceptor
E)Meissner's corpuscle

Question 51

The structure of the inner ear concerned with hearing is the

A)vestible.
B)semicircular canals.
C)otolith.
D)cochlea.

Question 52

The tympanic membrane is the

A)auricle.
B)oval window.
C)eardrum.
D)incus.
E)round window.

Question 53

Which of the following animals utilizes echolocation?

A)bats
B)whales
C)some cave dwelling birds
D)shrews
E)all of the answers are correct

Question 54

Receptors that respond to temperature changes are called

A)thermoreceptors.
B)proprioceptors.
C)interoceptors.
D)nociceptors.
E)mechanoreceptors.

Question 55

Chemical compounds that organisms use for intraspecific communication (communication between members of the same species)are called

A)neuromasts.
B)ampullary molecules.
C)pheromones.
D)occelli.
E)vibrissae.

Question 56

The __________ system of fish is used for electrical sensing.

A)lateral-line
B)olfactory
C)nasal receptor
D)interoceptor
E)teloreceptor

Question 57

The word gustation refers to the sense of

A)smell.
B)touch.
C)hearing.
D)equilibrium.
E)taste.

Question 58

The stapes is also known as the

A)anvil.
B)cochlea.
C)hammer.
D)stirrup.
E)otolith.

Question 59

Sea-sickness or motion-sickness results from

A)over stimulation of the tympanum.
B)continuous movement of the fluid of the semicircular canals.
C)plugging of the Eustachian tube.
D)damage to the auditory nerve.
E)a rupture of the oval window.

Question 60

Compound eyes may be found in all of the following except

A)members of phylum Annelida.
B)some bivalves.
C)grasshoppers.
D)mammals.
E)bees.

Question 61

Since fishes lack the outer and/or middle ear found in other vertebrates,vibrations are passed from the water through the __________ to the inner ear.

A)lateral line system
B)operculum
C)bones of the skull
D)spinal column
E)external nares

Question 62

The pigment in rods that absorbs light is

A)keratin.
B)collagen.
C)actin.
D)myosin.
E)rhodopsin.

Question 63

The transparent __________ of the eye is continuous with the sclera and covers the front part of the eye.

A)retina
B)cornea
C)iris
D)lens
E)conjunctiva

Question 64

The mass of bright red photoreceptor granules in certain flagellated protozoa is called a(n)

A)ocellus.
B)stigma.
C)ommatidium.
D)camera eye.
E)compound eye.

Question 65

Photoreceptors called __________ are involved in color perception in the vertebrates.

A)rods
B)lamellae
C)rhodopsins
D)iridiae
E)cones

Question 66

The median eye of reptiles allows

A)perception of light and dark.
B)perception of color vision.
C)accommodation.
D)gustation.
E)perception of infrared radiation.

Question 67

In invertebrates,the statocyst is the most common form of

A)georeceptor.
B)hygroreceptor.
C)sonoreceptor.
D)photoreceptor.
E)electroreceptor.

Question 68

The moist,mucous membrane that covers the eyeball is the

A)retina.
B)sclera.
C)conjunctiva.
D)cornea.
E)vitreous body.

Question 69

The clear fluid filling the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye is the

A)aqueous humor.
B)neuro humor.
C)choroid.
D)conjunctive.
E)vitreous humor.

Question 70

Among the vertebrates,the tympanum first evolved in the

A)fishes.
B)amphibians.
C)reptiles.
D)birds.
E)mammals.

Question 71

After dark,the majority of light sensing in the retina is by __________ which do not differentiate colors.

A)flagellar cells
B)cilia
C)nares
D)rods
E)conjunctiva

Question 72

The best image-forming eyes among the invertebrates are the __________ of squids and octopods.

A)stigmata
B)ocelli
C)compound eyes
D)complex camera eyes
E)ommatidia

Question 73

Using the __________,fishes can detect direction and force of water currents and the movement of other animals in the water.

A)Pacinian corpuscles
B)statocysts
C)swim bladder
D)lateral line organs
E)external nares

Question 74

In invertebrates,ocelli

A)form exceptionally acute images.
B)do not have light-sensitive pigments.
C)serve to measure light intensity.
D)are found only in uniramous arthropods.
E)are found only in entomostracan crustacea.

Question 75

Which invertebrate sense organ is NOT matched with its proper stimulus?

A)baroreceptors-pressure changes
B)georeceptors-gravity
C)phonoreceptors-light
D)chemoreceptors-air or water-borne molecules
E)thermoreceptors-temperature

Question 76

Most __________ of animals involve projections from the body surface such as bristles,spines,setae,and tubercles.

A)proprioceptors
B)photoreceptors
C)baroreceptors
D)phonoreceptors
E)tactile receptors