Deck 21: Birds: Reptiles by Another Name

Question 1

Posteriorly directed __________ on the ribs of birds overlap the next posterior rib and strengthen the rib cage.

A)uncinate processes
B)barbules
C)sternal zygapophyses
D)hamuli
E)annuli

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The activity by which birds maintain a clean plumage and rid the feathers and skin of parasites is referred to as

A)combing.
B)grooming.
C)dusting.
D)anting.
E)preening.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by reptiles and birds?

A)single occiptal condyle
B)nucleated red blood cells
C)single ear ossicle
D)similar lower jaw structure
E)all of the above are characteristics shared by reptiles and birds

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Evidence seems to indicate that the feathered fossil form known as __________ was a glider rather than using flapping flight.

A)Heloderma
B)Sphenodon
C)Zugunruhe
D)Ectopistes
E)Archaeopteryx

Question 5

The occipital condyle is the point of articulation between the

A)femur and the ilium.
B)radius and the carpus.
C)skull and first cervical vertebra.
D)caudal vertebra and the pygostyle.
E)wishbone and the sternum.

Question 6

Birds,dinosaurs,and crocodilians are all

A)pterodactyls.
B)saurentians.
C)pterosaurs.
D)archosaurs.
E)plesiodactyls.

Question 7

Fusion of posterior thoracic vertebrae,all lumbar vertebrae,all sacral vertebrae,and the anterior caudal vertebrae forms the __________ in birds.

A)occipital condyle
B)coccyx
C)synsacrum
D)sternum
E)pygostyle

Question 8

The traditional classification system places birds in the class

A)Aves.
B)Amphibia.
C)Mammalia.
D)Reptilia.
E)Archosauria.

Question 9

Posterior caudal vertebrae in birds are fused into a __________ that helps support the tail feathers.

A)synsacrum
B)pygidium
C)sternum
D)pygostyle
E)coccyx

Question 10

The covering of feathers on a bird is called the

A)pelage.
B)epidermis.
C)plumage.
D)cuticle.
E)tegument.

Question 11

Anting,a common habit of many songbirds,involves picking up ants with their beaks and rubbing them over the feathers.__________ secreted by the ants is apparently toxic to feather mites.

A)Formic acid
B)Glycoproteins
C)Metallic salts
D)Pheromones
E)Phospholipids

Question 12

Which of the following features of birds is NOT an adaptation for flight?

A)endothermy
B)modified hind limbs
C)high metabolic rate
D)bones with numerous air spaces
E)feathers

Question 13

Contour feathers consist of a __________ with inner and outer webs.

A)barb
B)barbule
C)hamuli
D)vane
E)filoplume

Question 14

Interpretations of the life-style of the fossilized theropods have been important in the development of hypotheses on the

A)origin of flight.
B)appropriate reptilian ancestor for birds.
C)appearance of lightweight bones.
D)development of amniotic eggs.
E)origin of endothermy.

Question 15

The archosaur lineage that includes birds and dinosaurs also includes the

A)lizards.
B)snakes.
C)crocodiles.
D)turtles.
E)tuataras.

Question 16

A reptilian characteristic of Archaeopteryx was

A)Jacobson's organ.
B)a long tail.
C)a serpentine body.
D)a body completely covered with scales.
E)the lack of teeth.

Question 17

All birds undergo a periodic replacement of their feathers during

A)rejuvenation.
B)molting.
C)regeneration.
D)replumaging.
E)preening.

Question 18

The __________ of most birds has a large,medial keel for attachment of flight muscles.

A)synsacrum
B)sternum
C)uncinate
D)scapula
E)humerus

Question 19

The wings of a bird function as a(n)

A)parachute.
B)lever/pulley system.
C)airfoil.
D)canopy.
E)hydrofoil.

Question 20

Birds with long tongues include

A)vultures and flamingoes.
B)hummingbirds and eagles.
C)eagles and albatrosses.
D)vultures and pigeons.
E)hummingbirds and woodpeckers.

Question 21

In birds and reptiles,the excretion of __________ conserves water.

A)urea
B)ammonia
C)creatine
D)creatinine
E)uric acid

Question 22

When birds fly,increased muscular activity produces large amounts of heat.Excess heat can be dissipated by

A)countercurrent exchange.
B)panting.
C)shivering.
D)sweating.
E)convection through the feathers.

Question 23

__________ refers to periodic round trips between breeding and non-breeding areas.

A)Migration
B)Immigration
C)Emigration
D)Transmutation
E)Orientation

Question 24

All birds are

A)territorial.
B)oviparous.
C)monogamous.
D)nest builders.
E)polyandrous.

Question 25

A group of eggs laid by a female bird is called a

A)brood.
B)flock.
C)clutch.
D)batch.
E)cluster.

Question 26

Albeit rare,a few bird species are ________________,in which females mate with more than one male.

A)bigamous
B)protandrous
C)polygynous
D)monogamous
E)polyandrous

Question 27

In __________ birds,the male mates with more than one female and the female provides most of the care of the eggs and the chicks.

A)bigamous
B)protandrous
C)polygynous
D)monogamous
E)polyandrous

Question 28

In many birds,a diverticulum of the esophagus,the __________,can be used to store large quantities of food.

A)crop
B)pyloric cecum
C)duodenum
D)ventriculus
E)gizzard

Question 29

Over 90% of all birds are

A)polyandrous.
B)monogamous.
C)viviparous.
D)polygynous.
E)protogynous.

Question 30

Some birds are helpless at hatching and are entirely dependent on their parents.Hatchlings of this type are said to be

A)premature.
B)precocial.
C)dependents.
D)altricial.
E)immature.

Question 31

The eyes of some birds have two focal points or __________ per eye.

A)foveae
B)cones
C)rods
D)optic tecta
E)pectens

Question 32

The voice box of birds is called the

A)vocal cord.
B)larynx.
C)vocalizer.
D)bronchus.
E)syrinx.

Question 33

Reduction of turbulence over the wing surface is accomplished by slotting of feathers at the wing tip and by the __________,a small group of feathers supported by the bones of the second digit.

A)hamulus
B)barbule
C)rictal bristles
D)alula
E)uncinate

Question 34

The __________ of the stomach region of birds is called the gizzard.

A)cardiac
B)pyloric
C)ventriculus
D)proventriculus
E)omasum

Question 35

Ventilation in birds is accomplished by expansion and contraction of the

A)air sacs.
B)trachea.
C)lungs.
D)diaphragm.
E)air capillaries.

Question 36

The brain of a bird has a region called the __________,that regulates heart and respiratory rates.

A)optic tectum
B)cerebral cortex
C)medulla oblongata
D)pineal body
E)antebellum

Question 37

Birds regulate their body temperatures at approximately

A)15 ^$\circ$
B)31 ^$\circ$
C)22 ^$\circ$
D)40 ^$\circ$
E)49 ^$\circ$

Question 38

A type of flight commonly used by hummingbirds is __________ flight.

A)soaring
B)flying
C)flapping
D)gliding
E)hovering

Question 39

In birds,the sinus venosus persists as a patch of tissue in the right atrium and functions as

A)an atrioventricular valve.
B)the pulmonary trunk.
C)the bicuspid valve.
D)the pacemaker.
E)the entrance to the aorta.

Question 40

The structure that produces "pigeon's milk" is the

A)proventriculus.
B)crop.
C)milk gland.
D)pyloric cecum.
E)ventriculus.

Question 41

Which of the following is LEAST well developed in most birds?

A)sight
B)smell
C)efficiency of gas exchange
D)thermoregulation
E)flight

Question 42

The __________,or "wishbone," of a bird is formed from the paired clavicles.

A)sternum
B)scapula
C)hemicula
D)furcula
E)rostrum

Question 43

A bird species is found in a region where food resources are relatively abundant,but patchy in distribution.Nests are found near these resource patches.Many individuals are attracted to these nesting and feeding areas.Which of the following reproductive patterns is likely to be true of this species?

A)The parents are probably polygynous and the young are altricial.
B)The parents are probably polyandrous and the young are altricial.
C)The parents are probably monogamous and the young are precocial.
D)The parents are probably polygynous and the young are precocial.

Question 44

The most developed regions of the brain of birds,including the corpus striatum and the midbrain,reflect a bird's reliance on

A)olfaction.
B)muscular coordination.
C)gustation.
D)hearing.
E)vision.

Question 45

The respiratory system of birds differs from that of most other reptiles.All of the following statements regarding gas exchange in birds vs.other reptiles are true except one.

A)Lungs of birds are comprised of tiny air tubes called parabronchi that facilitate a one-way movement of air through the lungs.In other reptiles (except possibly crocodilians), air flows in and out of respiratory passageways by reversing direction.
B)Birds have thoracic and abdominal air sacs that help move air through the respiratory system.No other reptiles have these air sacs.
C)Birds have more dead air regions in their lungs in comparison to most other reptiles, with the possible exception of the crocodilians.
D)During expiration, air can be moving into the gas exchange surfaces of a bird's lungs.During expiration, air is always moving out of the gas exchange surfaces of other reptiles (with the possible exception of crocodilians).