Deck 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Question 1

Which term is used to identify a condition in which the developing colon remains in the upper right quadrant instead of moving to its normal location?

A)Intestinal malrotation
B)Ileocecal displacement
C)Duodenal obstruction
D)Pyloric stenosis

Answer 1

Intestinal malrotation

Question 2

Parents report their 3-week-old infant who eats well and has gained weight began to vomit forcefully for no apparent reason. What treatment option does the healthcare professional prepare to educate the parents on?

A)A gastric feeding tube
B)Wheat-free diet
C)Corrective surgery
D)Lactose-free diet

Answer 2

Corrective surgery

Question 3

Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults?

A)Less water is absorbed from the colon in children.
B)Fluid reserves are smaller in children.
C)Children have a higher fluid volume intake.
D)Children have diarrhea more often than adults.

Answer 3

Fluid reserves are smaller in children.

Question 4

An infant suddenly develops abdominal pain, becomes irritable, and draws up the knees. Vomiting occurs soon afterward. The mother reports that the infant passed a normal stool, followed by one that looked like currant jelly. What treatment does the healthcare professional prepare the infant for?

A)Corrective surgery
B)Reduction enema
C)Gastric decompression
D)Anal dilation

Question 5

Which term is used to identify an intestinal obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine?

A)Meconium cecum
B)Meconium ileus
C)Meconium obstruction
D)Meconium vivax

Question 6

What causes a person with cystic fibrosis to experience an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A)Pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus.
B)Impaired blood supply to the pancreas causes ischemia.
C)A genetically impaired pancreas is unable to produce digestive enzymes.
D)The pancreas has a volvulus at the ampulla of Vater.

Question 7

What does the student learn distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?

A)All nutrients, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are reduced in kwashiorkor.
B)Physical growth of children is stunted in kwashiorkor but not in marasmus.
C)Muscle wasting, diarrhea, low hemoglobin, and infection characterize kwashiorkor.
D)Subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver are present in kwashiorkor.

Question 8

An infant has gluten-sensitive enteropathy and the parents ask the healthcare professional to explain why the baby bruises so easily. The professional explains that the baby has which deficit?

A)Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
B)Bone marrow function depression
C)Iron, folate, and B₁₂ deficiency anemias
D)Prescribed daily warfarin

Question 9

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom?

A)Excessive mucus production
B)Elevated blood glucose levels
C)Low sodium content in perspiration
D)Abnormally thin exocrine secretions

Question 10

A newborn has meconium ileus. What diagnostic test does the healthcare professional advise the parents about?

A)Colonoscopy
B)Pulmonary function studies
C)A sweat test
D)Nerve conduction studies

Question 11

A woman who is positive for hepatitis B is in labor. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

A)Draw blood for a drug screen.
B)Encourage the mother to bottle feed.
C)Immunize the newborn within 12 hours.
D)Discuss poor infant survival.

Question 12

Which disorder is characterized by damage to the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum and impaired secretion of secretin, cholecystokinin, and pancreatic enzymes?

A)Wilson disease
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
D)Galactosemia

Question 13

A child has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which medication does the healthcare professional teach the parents about?

A)Salt tablets
B)Pancreatic enzymes
C)Antihypertensives
D)Antibiotics

Question 14

What is physiologic jaundice in a newborn caused by?

A)Reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine
B)Impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin
C)Increased bilirubin production
D)Mild conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia

Question 15

An infant has been diagnosed with intussusception and the student asks the healthcare professional to explain the condition. What explanation by the professional is most accurate?

A)Poor colonic motility due to a problem in the parasympathetic nervous system
B)The colon stays in the upper right quadrant instead of moving to its normal location.
C)One part of the intestine telescopes into another section of the intestine.
D)Fibrosis increases the resistance to blood flow within the portal system.

Question 16

Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung's disease) involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformation of which nervous system?

A)Central
B)Parasympathetic
C)Sympathetic
D)Somatic

Question 17

Increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause which condition in the infant?

A)Pyloric stenosis
B)Meconium ileus
C)Esophageal atresia
D)Galactosemia

Question 18

Incomplete fusion of the nasomedial and intermaxillary process during the fourth week of embryonic development causes which condition in an infant?

A)Cleft palate
B)Sinus dysfunction
C)Cleft lip
D)Esophageal malformation

Question 19

A student asks the professor to explain the characteristic appearance of stools in people with cystic fibrosis. What explanation by the professor is best?

A)Bile ducts obstructed with mucus, leading to clay colored stools
B)Mechanical obstruction causes narrow, ribbon-like stool
C)Deficiency of pancreatic enzymes leads to steatorrhea.
D)Ischemia due to sodium blockages causes bloody stools.

Question 20

A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

A)Draw blood to measure total bilirubin.
B)Teach the patient about phototherapy.
C)Obtain consent for blood transfusions.
D)Prepare to administer vitamin K.

Question 21

Cystic fibrosis is directly responsible for complications to which structures? (Select all that apply.)

A)Muscles
B)Kidneys
C)Lymph nodes
D)Cervix
E)Liver

Question 22

Cirrhosis causes intrahepatic portal hypertension in children as a result of which mechanism?

A)Fibrosis that increases the resistance to blood flow within the portal system
B)Increased pressure from the twisting of the common bile ducts
C)Development of collateral circulation within the portal system
D)Shunting of fluid to the spleen or abdomen

Question 23

A child has celiac disease. Which foods does the healthcare professional teach the parents to eliminate from their child's diet? (Select all that apply.)

A)Citrus fruits
B)Starchy vegetables
C)Wheat products
D)Barley
E)Fat soluble vitamins

Question 24

Which information does the student learn about Wilson disease in children? (Select all that apply.)

A)Wilson disease is a rare autosomal recessive defect.
B)Wilson disease affects copper metabolism.
C)A lack of necessary copper is a result of Wilson disease.
D)The liver is often affected in Wilson disease.
E)Corneal damage can be a result of Wilson disease.

Question 25

A child has chronic hepatitis and the healthcare professional wants to assess the child for portal hypertension. What action by the professional is most appropriate?

A)Listen to the child's lung sounds
B)Assess for pedal edema
C)Palpate the child's abdomen
D)Inspect the skin for jaundice

Question 26

What factors can contribute to the development of a cleft lip and a cleft palate? (Select all that apply.)

A)Maternal deficiency of B vitamins
B)Exposure to heavy metals during pregnancy
C)Maternal use of tobacco
D)Maternal diabetes mellitus
E)Trauma during pregnancy

Question 27

A 3-year-old child has hepatitis A. What symptoms would the healthcare professional assess for? (Select all that apply.)

A)Nausea
B)Vomiting
C)Diarrhea
D)Jaundice
E)Muscle pain

Question 28

Which situations are often associated with possible causes of failure to thrive (FTT) in infants? (Select all that apply.)

A)Gastroesophageal reflux
B)Living in poverty
C)Feeding difficulties
D)Incorrect formula preparation
E)Child neglect