Deck 28: Industry and the Working Class: a New Realism

Question 1

Why did King Louis-Phillippe purchase and then store away Eugène Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People?

A) It included a nude in it.
B) He believed it would incite the commoners to rebel.
C) It was too large to display.
D) It satirized his claim to the throne.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Between 1800 and 1880,London's population

A) doubled.
B) tripled.
C) quadrupled.
D) quintupled.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Factories in London tended to employ unskilled single young women and widows,because

A) women worked for lower wages than men.
B) there was a shortage of available men in the labor force.
C) they were more dependable than men.
D) they brought children who would work as assistants.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

French realist writers' aims differed from Dickens's in being

A) more straightforward and less biased.
B) less focused on lower classes.
C) more inclined to caricature.
D) less focused on plot.

Question 5

Why did Robert Owen's utopian experiment in New Harmony,Indiana fail?

A) Not enough people applied for its 800 spaces.
B) The people it attracted lacked skills to contribute.
C) Owen declared bankruptcy soon after buying the town.
D) Americans did not approve of his favor for sexual freedom.

Question 6

Charles Dickens could describe the suffering of London's poor so vividly and accurately,primarily because he had

A) interviewed many slum residents.
B) read stories of the plight of the poor.
C) grown up in such conditions.
D) seen the condition of the slums in a job as a reporter.

Question 7

According to French philosopher Auguste Comte,society passes through what three stages on its quest for knowledge?

A) rural, urban, and suburban
B) theological, metaphysical, and positive
C) mythological, religious, and scientific
D) superstitious, religious, and enlightened

Question 8

Following the end of Napoleon's reign in 1815,France's government was

A) a republic.
B) a monarchy.
C) an anarchy.
D) a democracy.

Question 9

Charles Dickens wrote Hard Times to

A) show the greed of London lawyers.
B) satirize Utilitarian industrialists.
C) expose the conditions of London's poorhouses.
D) show the brutality of London's orphanages.

Question 10

Many people moved to London between 1800 and 1880 to

A) take advantage of better schools for their children.
B) escape religious persecution.
C) afford the cheaper housing the city offered.
D) be near the factories where they were employed.

Question 11

Eugène Delacroix was inspired to paint Liberty Leading the People by the

A) storming of the Bastille.
B) American Revolution.
C) French workers rioting.
D) police shooting a sleeping family.

Question 12

What did French philosopher Charles Fourier call his idealized communities where individuals could live freely?

A) communes
B) cooperatives
C) Renaissance communities
D) phalanxes

Question 13

In London,during the early to mid-1800s,how many children of the poor died before the age of one?

A) one in two
B) one in three
C) one in four
D) one in five

Question 14

Architect A.W.N.Pugin considered medieval poorhouses superior to the nineteenth-century ones,because they were

A) guided by Christian principles.
B) inside the abbey, not separate.
C) smaller.
D) located in rural, not urban, areas.

Question 15

The scholarly study of Orientalism is closely associated with the work of

A) Eugène Delacroix.
B) Olympe de Gouges.
C) Mary Wollstonecraft.
D) Edward Said.

Question 16

Neoclassically-trained Théodore Géricault painted The Raft of the Medusa to

A) protest aristocratic privilege.
B) call attention to the plight of slaves.
C) expose the French government's cover-up.
D) shock the French into another revolution.

Question 17

Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary is based on the true story of

A) an impoverished family.
B) a prostitute.
C) a factory worker.
D) an unfaithful wife.

Question 18

What about Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres's Le Grande Odalisque did viewers immediately recognize as being unrealistic?

A) The woman is not Turkish.
B) The peacock-feather fan lacks brushstrokes.
C) The woman's back has too many vertebrae.
D) The woman's right foot has only four toes.

Question 19

Honoré de Balzac wrote his 92-novel series The Human Comedy to

A) show love's healing properties.
B) satirize the new French government.
C) reflect the whole of French society.
D) retell Shakespeare's stories.

Question 20

The English Factory Act of 1833

A) established a minimum daily wage.
B) banned employment of children under age nine.
C) displaced women from the workforce.
D) required factories to provide decent housing.

Question 21

For various possible reasons,Roger Fenton did not show the dead or wounded in his Crimean War photographs.Compare that choice to the practices of today's media.Argue for or against graphic photography.

Question 22

Identify and explain at least two reason for the failure of Robert Owen's New Harmony utopian experiment.

Question 23

Compare the subjects and themes of Gustave Courbet's The Stonebreakers and A Burial at Ornans,both of which drew criticism from French viewers.

Question 24

Gustave Courbet explained his The Stonebreakers as

A) "the burial of Romanticism."
B) "a complete expression of human misery."
C) "ordinary people seeing nothing remarkable."
D) "the progress of Western civilization."

Question 25

Construct an argument for or against Paul Delaroche's claim that after the development of photography,"Painting is dead!"

Question 26

How long did imprinting an image on a metal plate-a daguerreotype-take?

A) 1 to 2 minutes
B) 3 to 5 minutes
C) 8 to 10 minutes
D) 15 to 20 minutes

Question 27

The French public and critics objected to Gustave Courbet's paintings because of his

A) use of contemporary people in historical scenes.
B) use of political symbolism in landscape scenes.
C) wild, energetic brushstrokes.
D) depiction of commoners on a grand scale.

Question 28

Identify and provide examples of two ways French literary realism differed from British literary realism.

Question 29

What process led most directly into modern photography?

A) daguerreotype
B) lithography
C) photogenic drawing
D) calotype

Question 30

Define "literary realism," and list two examples by different authors.

Question 31

List and explain three ways industrialization changed the English working-class people.

Question 32

When French painter Paul Delaroche saw his first daguerreotype,he declared

A) "Painting is dead!"
B) "The world is black and white!"
C) "This is not art!"
D) "Realism is here!"

Question 33

Maxine Du Camp almost always included a human figure in his photographs to

A) prove their realism.
B) indicate scale.
C) make them more marketable.
D) provide a focal point.

Question 34

Describe the living and working conditions of nineteenth-century London.

Question 35

Explain the events that inspired the creation of Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa.

Question 36

Charles Dickens,who later in life became one of the English reform movement's most active speakers,had as his aim not to entertain but to advocate reform with his novels.Citing examples from Sketches by Boz and Hard Times,explain how his writing could accomplish this goal.

Question 37

How did lithography revolutionize printmaking?

A) Inks on prints no longer bled.
B) Artists could draw more detail.
C) Prints became quick and cheap to produce.
D) Prints could be made in color.

Question 38

Explain the symbolic meaning of a focal point's absence in Gustave Courbet's A Burial at Ornans.

Question 39

What is a possible reason for which Roger Fenton did not include the dead or wounded in his Crimean War photographs?

A) The British government forbade it.
B) He wasn't allowed on the battlefield.
C) The families requested him not to do so.
D) Newspapers would not print them.