Deck 39: Multiplicity and Diversity: Cultures of Liberation and Identity in the 1960s and 1970s

Question 1

For the first time,the electronic synthesizer allowed composers to create

A) stereo and surround sound.
B) music without performers.
C) the sound of pure vibration.
D) a natural echo chamber.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Who defined "blackness" as a mark of authenticity in "Black Orpheus"?

A) Jean-Paul Sartre
B) Martin Luther King, Jr.
C) Ralph Ellison
D) Amiri Baraka

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In his mural F-111,James Rosenquist equates the military with consumer culture by

A) juxtaposing consumer products with the fighter plane.
B) painting product advertisements on the plane's body.
C) symbolizing the war with various product labels.
D) showing American consumers in awe of the bomber.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the late 1960s,many American artists began protesting against museums because

A) they disliked having their works enclosed within four walls.
B) the government funded the majority of museums.
C) museums were refusing to display their antiwar works.
D) they associated the museums with support of the war.

Question 5

As re-created in Jeff Wall's photograph based on Invisible Man,Ralph Ellison's narrator needs light to

A) keep away the nightmares.
B) brighten his existence.
C) keep the rats at bay.
D) confirm his reality.

Question 6

Why did Robert Smithson used the spiral shape for its

A) association with pagan religions.
B) symbolism of rebirth and renewal.
C) prevalence in nature and ornamentation.
D) reflection of the Great Salt Lake's shape.

Question 7

How does the narrator in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man end up living in an underground hole in Harlem?

A) It was the only living space he could afford.
B) He accidentally fell into it during a riot.
C) He was driven there by three hostile white boys.
D) He withdrew from society after a wrongful arrest.

Question 8

Malcolm X advocated for blacks to

A) protest nonviolently.
B) assassinate Martin Luther King, Jr.
C) create their own black nation.
D) put poetry aside.

Question 9

John Adams's Nixon in China is the first opera ever to use

A) a staged media event as the basis for its dramatic structure.
B) music produced solely on an electronic synthesizer.
C) repeating dance sequences set to different music.
D) performers who transformed their voices electronically.

Question 10

Many American artists undermined museums and galleries by

A) destroying their works soon after creating them.
B) selling their works in Europe only.
C) making art that was unable to be displayed.
D) refusing to make art altogether.

Question 11

Malcolm X differed from Martin Luther King,Jr.in his

A) lack of elected office.
B) advocacy for violence, if necessary.
C) advocacy for rights for blacks.
D) role in inaugurating hip-hop.

Question 12

According to composer Philip Glass,the score for Robert Wilson's Einstein on the Beach was particularly difficult because of its

A) many repeating patterns.
B) interweaving of text and music.
C) patterns that almost never repeat.
D) 53 brief thematic fragments.

Question 13

On May 4,1970,the National Guard opened fire on and killed four Kent State students for

A) pelting the National Guard with rocks.
B) chanting antiwar slogans.
C) reasons that have never been fully explained.
D) burning American flags.

Question 14

A main effect of Christo and Jeanne-Claude's Running Fence was the

A) spirit of collaboration in its erection.
B) political statement that it offered.
C) emotional expression that it enabled.
D) income that it generated for the state.

Question 15

Why did the government continue to fund building the F-111 fighter bomber even though it was declared obsolete?

A) It had an unbreakable contract with General Dynamics.
B) The F-111 would be the world's largest aircraft.
C) It would keep people employed and the company afloat.
D) The F-111 could still be used for transport.

Question 16

Why did Robert Smithson choose the inaccessible,inhospitable Utah location for Spiral Jetty?

A) Land was inexpensive there.
B) Its barrenness symbolized the American Dream.
C) The area was outside the United States parks system.
D) Its entropy symbolized the fate of all things.

Question 17

Why is Richard Long's A Line Made by Walking considered low-impact art?

A) It was created on reclaimed land.
B) The field soon returned to its natural state.
C) It drew on nature's energy.
D) It required its viewers to be participants.

Question 18

Yale University's architecture graduate students commissioned Claes Oldenburg to create Lipstick (Ascending)on Caterpillar Tracks as

A) an antiwar statement.
B) a protest against women in the military.
C) a practical joke.
D) a protest against a modern art exhibition.

Question 19

Fatalism is a theme of

A) Gil Scott-Heron's "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised."
B) Amiri Baraka's "Ka'Ba."
C) Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five.
D) Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man.

Question 20

In 1963,Martin Luther King,Jr.was arrested and jailed in Birmingham for

A) for going to a public golf course.
B) organizing a sit-in.
C) publishing an open letter.
D) leading a protest march.

Question 21

Eleanor Antin explores gender definitions and construction by

A) photographing herself in Hollywood roles.
B) deepening her voice with a harmonizer.
C) casting herself as both genders in her plays.
D) adopting personae and disguises.

Question 22

Television's An American Family star Lance Loud created controversy in the mid-1970s by

A) being open about his homosexuality.
B) getting divorced.
C) demonstrating support for abortion.
D) posing nude for Andy Warhol.

Question 23

Christo and Jeanne-Claude chose to erect their umbrellas in California and Japan to

A) symbolize their interdependence in the electronic revolution.
B) honor California's large Japanese-American population.
C) commemorate the 50th anniversary of the U.S. bombing of Japan.
D) show the dramatic difference in landscape between the two countries.

Question 24

Summarize the role popular music played in the youth rebellion of the 1960s.

Question 25

Explain the image of the American male as presented by Mel Bochner's Win! Then analyze two ways that stereotype was challenged and possibly debunked by the feminist and gay pride movements of the 1970s.

Question 26

An overarching theme of the 1960s and the 1970s is the exploration and redefining of roles in American society.From African Americans to the youth culture to women to men,identify and discuss three traditional roles that were challenged and perhaps changed.

Question 27

Identify two works of land art discussed in the chapter,analyzing the statement made by their construction and their impact on the environment.

Question 28

The chapter's "Continuity and Change" section poses an intriguing question: does technology in fact threaten the idea of identity and "self"? Referencing your knowledge about and experience with specific media and technology,argue for or against that idea of identity loss.

Question 29

According to Marshall McLuhan,the "global village" was created by

A) World War II.
B) electronic mass media.
C) the Vietnam War.
D) affordable transportation.

Question 30

Supporting your claims with specific works,show how two of the following female visual artists of the 1960s explored and aimed to redefine gender roles: Judy Chicago,Eleanor Antin,Cindy Sherman.

Question 31

Mel Bochner's Win! both celebrate and challenges macho culture in

A) the art world.
B) professional football.
C) politics.
D) professional wrestling.

Question 32

Identify and describe two ways African Americans used passive resistance in their quest for civil rights during the 1960s.Then detail the immediate results of this protest technique.

Question 33

The 39 places of Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party symbolize

A) Christianity.
B) the vagina.
C) creativity.
D) power.

Question 34

List and analyze two reasons for the title of Ralph Ellison's novel-Invisible Man.

Question 35

Compare the statements made about "penis envy" in Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique to Sylvia Plath's "Lady Lazarus."

Question 36

In The Feminist Mystique,Betty Friedan rejects Sigmund Freud's idea that women envy men for its

A) assumption that women are inferior to men.
B) emphasis on female sexuality.
C) denial of the chance for inequality to be eliminated.
D) acceptance that culture determines gender roles.

Question 37

In Sylvia Plath's "Lady Lazarus," the title character reborn for the purpose of

A) countering sexual stereotyping.
B) seeking revenge on her father.
C) advancing gender equity.
D) attacking the male ego.