Deck 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Question 1

Cutaneous vasculitis develops from the deposit of which substance?

A)Immune complexes
B)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
C)Complement proteins
D)T lymphocytes

Answer 1

Immune complexes

Question 2

Lesions on the elbows and knees that are well demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, and erythematous characterize which type of psoriasis?

A)Plaque
B)Inverse
C)Guttate
D)Erythrodermic

Answer 2

Plaque

Question 3

The healthcare professional is assessing four patients for pressure ulcer formation. What is the first change in the skin that the professional would note if a patient were developing a pressure ulcer?

A)Blanchable erythema of intact skin
B)Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
C)Blister at the site of pressure
D)Reddish-purple discoloration

Answer 3

Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin

Question 4

Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in the hypersensitivity reactions of the skin?

A)Histiocytes
B)Fibroblasts
C)Mast cells
D)Macrophages

Question 5

Which cells of the dermis secrete connective tissue matrix?

A)Macrophages
B)Mast cells
C)Fibroblasts
D)Histiocytes

Question 6

A patient shows the healthcare professional a collection of infected hair follicles on the back of the neck is red, painful, and draining. What condition does the professional educate the patient on?

A)Erysipelas
B)Furuncles
C)Carbuncles
D)Boils

Question 7

Which type of dressings should the healthcare professional apply to pressure ulcers?

A)Flat and dry
B)Flat, moisture-retaining
C)Bulky and dry
D)Bulky, moisture-retaining

Question 8

Keloids are caused by excessive amounts of which substance in the corneum during connective tissue repair?

A)Elastin
B)Collagen
C)Stroma
D)Reticular fibers

Question 9

Which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system regulate heat loss through the skin?

A)Cholinergic
B)b-Adrenergic
C)a-Adrenergic
D)Anticholinergic

Question 10

A child has been diagnosed with ringworm and the parent asks how to get rid of this parasite. What response by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

A)"We have several antibiotics that can be used."
B)"Ringworm is actually a fungal infection of the skin."
C)"Actually, ringworm is an old name for pemphigus."
D)"Inexpensive topical antifungals often work well."

Question 11

Which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense against environmental antigens?

A)Langerhans cells
B)Merkel cells
C)Keratinocytes
D)Melanocytes

Question 12

What clinical manifestations do allergic contact and stasis dermatitis have in common?

A)Petechiae and hyperpigmentation
B)Edema and vesicular lesions
C)Scaling and crusting of lesions
D)Erythema and pruritus

Question 13

What term is used to identify skin lesions that are elevated, rounded, and firm with irregular clawlike margins that extend beyond the original site of injury?

A)Psoriasis
B)Dermatitis
C)Acne
D)Keloid

Question 14

In latex allergies, which immunoglobulin (Ig) is associated with an immediate reaction?

A)IgA
B)IgE
C)IgG
D)IgM

Question 15

In allergic contact dermatitis, which cells possess the antigens and present them to T cells?

A)Langerhans cells
B)Merkel cells
C)Keratinocytes
D)Macrophages

Question 16

The student learns that which skin lesion is mediated by the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated release of histamine, bradykinin, or kallikrein from mast cells?

A)Dermatitis
B)Scleroderma
C)Urticaria
D)Cutaneous vasculitis

Question 17

A healthcare professional assesses a patient who presents with a single lesion on the trunk that is circular, demarcated, and salmon pink. The lesion measures approximately 3 to 4 cm in diameter. What treatment option does the professional educate the patient about?

A)Narrow-band ultraviolet light therapy
B)Oral erythromycin regime
C)Keratolytic agent application
D)Consistent photoprotection

Question 18

A patient in the clinic is diagnosed with dermatitis. The patient states that a previous healthcare professional diagnosed eczema. What response by the healthcare professional is best?

A)"Both are general terms for a specific inflammatory response in the skin."
B)"Eczema is an older, outdated term. The preferred term is dermatitis."
C)"No, it's not eczema. Eczema has yellowish scaly plaques."
D)"If it were eczema, it would have blisters that go away on their own."

Question 19

Which gland releases secretions that are important in thermoregulation and cooling of the body through evaporation?

A)Sebaceous
B)Apocrine
C)Eccrine
D)Exocrine

Question 20

The healthcare professional educates a community group that chickenpox (varicella) may be followed years later by which disorder?

A)Erysipelas
B)Cytomegalovirus
C)Warts
D)Herpes zoster

Question 21

A patient has psoriasis. Which drug classifications does the healthcare professional advise the patient to avoid if possible? (Select all that apply.)

A)Antibiotics
B)Calcium channel blockers
C)Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
D)Beta-blockers
E)Lithium

Question 22

A patient was hospitalized with frostbite and is receiving ibuprofen. The patient asks the healthcare professional to explain the rationale for the drug. What is the best response?

A)Treating fever
B)Preventing plate aggregation
C)Reducing pain
D)Inhibiting prostaglandins

Question 23

A healthcare professional assesses a patient who has elevated lesions on the face that are waxy and yellowish. What condition does the professional discuss with the patient?

A)Basal keratosis
B)Seborrheic keratosis
C)Keratoacanthoma
D)Actinic keratosis

Question 24

Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?

A)Endothelial
B)Keratinocyte
C)Melanocyte
D)Exothelial

Question 25

A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with cold, white, waxy fingers and toes. The patient denies pain. Which intervention does the healthcare professional provide as the priority?

A)Applying local, dry heat
B)Rubbing or massaging the area
C)Immersing in warm water
D)Leaving the area uncovered

Question 26

Lesions that usually have depressed centers with rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck characterize which malignancy?

A)Squamous cell carcinoma
B)Kaposi sarcoma
C)Malignant melanoma
D)Basal cell carcinoma

Question 27

Which information does the student learn about a nevus? (Select all that apply.)

A)A nevus is an aggregation of melanocytes.
B)Nevi begin to form at the ages of 3 to 5 years.
C)Nevi are characterized by irregular borders.
D)Nevi share a relationship with melanoma.
E)Nevi always warrant being removed.

Question 28

A patient has an onychomycosis. Where would the healthcare professional assess this disorder?

A)Scalp
B)Fingernail
C)Lower legs
D)Mucus membranes

Question 29

What effects does normal aging have on the wound healing process? (Select all that apply.)

A)Decreased cell proliferation
B)Decreased blood supply
C)Depressed immune responses
D)Depressed appetite
E)Decreased cognitive function

Question 30

A patient has a furuncle. Where would the healthcare professional assess the patient for this condition?

A)Feet
B)Palms
C)Hair follicles
D)Fingernails

Question 31

Bowen disease is a form of which type of cancer?

A)Kaposi sarcoma
B)Malignant melanoma
C)Basal cell carcinoma
D)Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 32

The student learns that alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?

A)myc
B)TP53
C)src
D)Ras

Question 33

A woman has developed hirsutism. What conditions should the healthcare professional assess her for? (Select all that apply.)

A)Adrenal hyperplasia
B)Cushing disease
C)Polycystic ovaries
D)Addison disease
E)Adrenal tumor

Question 34

A patient with scleroderma asks the healthcare professional how this condition was acquired. What response is best?

A)X-linked recessive gene
B)X-linked dominant gene
C)Virus
D)Autoantibodies

Question 35

A patient has an intradermal nevus. What assessment does the healthcare professional know is consistent with this lesion?

A)Flat, dark, may be up to 2 cm in size
B)Elevated and smooth surface
C)Regular edges with bristle-like hairs
D)Heaped-up, keratinized cells

Question 36

What information does the student learn about Kaposi sarcoma? (Select all that apply.)

A)South America has been the site of the endemic form of Kaposi sarcoma.
B)Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular malignancy.
C)It is associated with drug-induced immunosuppression.
D)Kaposi sarcoma is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
E)The classic form of Kaposi sarcoma is observed on the lower legs of older men.

Question 37

Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite? (Select all that apply.)

A)Leukotrienes
B)Histamine
C)Prostaglandins
D)Bradykinin
E)Thromboxanes