Deck 7: Inorganic Materials

Question 1

Brass is an example of what kind of metal?

A)A pure elemental metal.
B)An ionic metal.
C)An alloy.
D)An amalgam.
E)None of the above.

Answer 1

An alloy.

Question 2

Atom arrangements that move relative to one another along set two-dimensional surfaces are called what?

Answer 2

Slip planes.

Question 3

What properties are usually associated with high carbon steel?

A)Hardness and brittleness.
B)Ductility and low hardness.
C)Ductility and high hardness.
D)Low hardness and high brittleness.
E)Corrosion resistance and high malleability.

Answer 3

Hardness and brittleness.

Question 4

How is steel defined?

A)A heterogeneous iron alloy with up to 2% carbon.
B)A homogeneous iron alloy with up to 2% carbon.
C)Any heterogeneous alloy with up to 2% carbon.
D)Any homogeneous alloy with up to 2% carbon.
E)Any iron, carbon alloy with a low melting point.

Question 5

What element besides iron and carbon is necessary to produced stainless steel?

A)Chromium.
B)Vanadium.
C)Phosphorus.
D)Sulfur.
E)Zinc.

Question 6

How does an alloy's electrical and thermal conductivity compare to that of one of its pure elements?

A)There is generally no change.
B)They are higher.
C)They are lower.
D)Electrical is lower, thermal is higher.
E)Electrical is higher, thermal is lower.

Question 7

Metals are more malleable than other solids because:

A)Groups of atoms do not respond to a blow.
B)When groups of electrons move in response to a blow, the cation array follows them.
C)When groups of atoms move in response to a blow, the electron sea follows them.
D)They are made of more than one type of atom.
E)Metals are not more malleable than other solids.

Question 8

How is pig iron produced?

A)In a charcoal fire.
B)Through multiple heatings.
C)In a blast furnace.
D)Through molten mixing with other metals.
E)It is naturally occuring.

Question 9

True or false?: Metals conduct electricity because electrons do not move in the "electron sea."

Question 10

What improves the corrosion resistance of brass?

A)Antimony.
B)Arsenic.
C)Tin.
D)None of the above.
E)All of the above.

Question 11

Malleability refers to a metal's ability to be hammered into a specific shape.True or false?

Question 12

What does "sintering" mean?

A)Mixing finely divided metal powders and pressing in a mold.
B)Mixing molten metals and pressing in a mold.
C)Mixing finely divided metal powders in a stream of oxygen.
D)Mixing molten metals in a stream of oxygen.
E)Adding one metal on top of another metal.

Question 13

A metal sample can be considered a sea of __________________ (protons,electrons,neutrons)in an array of cations.

Question 14

Steel is often produced through what is called the basic oxygen process.True or false?

Question 15

How is an alloy defined?

A)As a fixed ratio of metals in a material.
B)As a metal and non-metal in an unfixed ratio.
C)As two or more elements combined in no fixed ratio, at least one of which is a metal.
D)As a pure mixture of two elements.
E)As two or more elements in a crystalline structure.

Question 16

How are atoms in a substitutional alloy arranged?

A)In micro-clusters within the greater solid.
B)In precise, geometric arrays.
C)Those of one element replace those of the major element.
D)Those of one element fit into the interstices formed by the major element.
E)In planes, known as slips.

Question 17

What is a eutectic point?

A)0an alloy's point of equal percentage of elements, by mass.
B)An alloy's highest possible melting point.
C)An alloy's lowest possible melting point.
D)An alloy's point of equal percentage of elements, by volume.
E)An alloy's liquid - solid temperature line.

Question 18

How do alloys solidify and melt?

A)At precise temperatures.
B)Over a range of temperatures.
C)At high temperatures.
D)At very low temperatures.
E)At absolute temperatures.

Question 19

What is the major component of pewter?

A)Antimony
B)Zinc
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Iron

Question 20

What are the two major elements in brass?

A)Copper and tin.
B)Copper and lead
C)Copper and zinc.
D)Zinc and lead.
E)Copper and iron.

Question 21

Upon what are silicates based?

A)Repeating silicon chains.
B)Repeating silicon layers.
C)SiO₄ units.
D)SiO₃ units.
E)SiO₅ units.

Question 22

Which of the following is a naturally occurring form of calcium carbonate?

A)Quartz.
B)Limestone.
C)Silica.
D)Cristobalite.
E)Silicate.

Question 23

Portland cement is made from what materials?

A)Oxides.
B)Sand and clay.
C)Crushed limestone
D)Only B and C, above.
E)A, B, and C, above.

Question 24

From what do silicates derive their strength?

A)Their covalently bonded network structures.
B)Strong intermolecular forces.
C)Their extensive pi-delocalized systems.
D)From two-dimensional covalent bonding.
E)Nothing, silicates are not generally considered strong.

Question 25

What type of bonding dominates in a diamond structure?

A)C-C pi bonds.
B)C-C two dimensional bonds.
C)Non-covalent bonds.
D)C-C sigma bonds.
E)Really strong sigma or pi bonds.

Question 26

What is the minimum pressure and temperature for diamond formation?

A)8kbar, 150C
B)800kbar, 15,000C
C)80 kbar, 15,000C
D)800kbar, 1,500C
E)80kbar, 1,500C

Question 27

What is present in an aluminosilicate?

A)Al, S, and O
B)Al and Si
C)Al, Si, and S
D)Al, a metal, and O
E)Al, Si, and O

Question 28

What two broad components make up concrete?

A)Silicates and aluminosilicates.
B)Clays and fillers.
C)Fillers and cement.
D)Portland cement and plastic.
E)Limestone and silicates.

Question 29

From what are ortho-silicates built?

A)SiO₂^2-
B)SiO₂^4-
C)SiO₄^2-
D)SiO₄
E)SiO₄^4-

Question 30

Graphite and diamond are two forms of the same element,carbon.What is the term for two such forms of an element?

A)Isotopes.
B)Solid phases.
C)Physical states.
D)Allotropes.
E)Carbotropes.

Question 31

How is granite best described?

A)A common mineral made from quartz and metal cations.
B)A rare mineral made from mica, quartz, and calcium carbonate.
C)A mixture of mica, alumina, and feldspar.
D)A mixture of mica, quartz, and feldspar.
E)A rare mineral made from mica, quartz, and feldspar.

Question 32

What makes calcium carbonate such a good structural material?

A)The low cost of it as a starting material.
B)The rigidity of structures made from it.
C)The ease with which it can be worked.
D)The prevalence of covalent bonds in it.
E)The numerous Ca²⁺ ions within it.

Question 33

Concrete,steel,and cement are examples of what type of materials?

A)Malleable.
B)Alloys.
C)Electrically conductive.
D)Deformable.
E)Structural.

Question 34

How does water interact with clay and limestone in the making of cement?

A)It must be completely water free.
B)It produces hydrates and hydroxides.
C)It degrades the limestone.
D)It forms slaked lime.
E)It washes away the silicates.

Question 35

Why is gravel often used as a filler in concrete?

A)Because it is hard.
B)Because it is inexpensive.
C)It is easily deformable.
D)Because it is a granite.
E)Gravel is not a filler in concrete.

Question 36

What is graphene?

A)A three dimensional layer of carbon atoms in a crystalline array.
B)A double layer of carbon atoms arranged in a diamond structure.
C)A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a diamond structure.
D)A double layer of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms.
E)A single layer of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms.

Question 37

What do chalk,marble,and limestone all have in common?

A)They are all common terms for the same silicon-based mineral.
B)They are all silicates.
C)They are all non-crystalline.
D)They are all calcium carbonate.
E)Nothing.

Question 38

Which mineral is a common form of crystalline calcium carbonate?.

A)Carbonite.
B)Calcite.
C)Aragonite.
D)B and C, above.
E)A and C, above.

Question 39

What are clays?

A)Aluminosilicates.
B)Types of cement.
C)Types of concrete.
D)Limestone.
E)Portland cement.

Question 40

How does limestone react to acidic solutions?

A)Acids harden it.
B)It reacts very swiftly.
C)It tends to dissolve.
D)It is resistant.
E)It neutralizes acids.

Question 41

Ceramics are not brittle.True or false?

Question 42

Resistance in a material is defined as:

A)R = ^.A² / l
B)R = ^.A / l
C)R = ^.l / A
D)R = ^.A / l²
E)R = ^.A / l

Question 43

What must a glass contain to qualify as borosilicate glass?

A)Na₂O
B)CaO
C)Na₃B
D)B₂O₃
E)BN

Question 44

How is boron nitride related to graphite?

A)It has the same melting point.
B)Both are molecular solids.
C)Both have octagonal planes of atoms.
D)It is isoelectronic.
E)There is no direct relationship.

Question 45

To what is the boron nitride structure related?

A)Cement
B)Silicon
C)Carbon
D)Metal alloys.
E)Elemental metals.

Question 46

At what general temperature are interstitial carbides formed?

A)00^oC
B)200^oC
C)1,000^oC
D)2,000^oC
E)20,000^oC

Question 47

How is bonding in solids best described?

A)Bands of atomic orbitals.
B)Bands of molecular orbitals.
C)A conduction band overlapping a valence band.
D)A conduction band overlapping a band gap.

Question 48

What contaminant causes the red "terra cotta" color in most ceramics?

Question 49

Which of the following is correct concerning glass?

A)It has a defined, three-dimensional structure.
B)It is always clear.
C)It has an amorphous structure.
D)It is usually opaque.
E)It is a non-ionic solid.

Question 50

Silicon carbide,SiC,is what type of material?

A)An ionic compound.
B)A covalent boride.
C)An allotrope of carbon.
D)A molecular solid.
E)A covalent carbide.

Question 51

What makes emery different from corundum?

A)Impure micro-crystals make up corundum.
B)Impure micro-crystals make up emery.
C)Corundum is almost pure silicate.
D)Emery is almost pure silicate.
E)Nothing; they are actually the same material.

Question 52

Which statement about a semi-conductor is correct?

A)When it conducts, its resistance is extremely high.
B)When it conducts, it does so with 0 resistance.
C)Its resistance increases as the temperature increases.
D)Its resistance decreases as the temperature increases.

Question 53

Which is a feature of solid electrolytes?

A)Electrons move through their lattices.
B)Ions move through their lattices.
C)Atoms move through them.
D)Atoms lose electrons within them.
E)Atoms gain electrons within them.

Question 54

To what two chemicals are most glasses not resistant?

Question 55

What is the definition of a ceramic?

A)An organic material that has been hardened by heating to a high temperature.
B)An inorganic material that has been hardened by heating to a high temperature.
C)An inorganic material that has been shaped or molded by heating to a high temperature.
D)An organic material that has been shaped or molded by heating to a high temperature.
E)A clay without hydrates within it.

Question 56

What is the end result of the sol-gel process?

A)A silicon-based molecular solid.
B)A silicon rich ionic structure.
C)Corundum based polymers.
D)A silicon oxide network structure.
E)A limestone based network solid.

Question 57

How is boron nitride formed?

A)Boron is heated gently in ammonia.
B)Boron is heated to white heat in ammonia.
C)Boron is heated gently in elemental nitrogen.
D)Boron is heated to white heat in elemental nitrogen.
E)None of the above; boron nitride is naturally occuring.

Question 58

Glass has numerous,microscopic and macroscopic crystalline regions.True or false?

Question 59

How is conduction in metals and graphite best described?

A)Electronic conduction.
B)Ionic conduction.
C)p-doped conduction.
D)n-doped conduction.

Question 60

What components make up soda-lime glass?

A)Silica, plus sodium and calcium carbides.
B)Silica, plus sodium and calcium oxides.
C)Limestone, plus sodium and calcium oxides.
D)Limestone, plus sodium and calcium carbides.
E)Silica, plus silicon carbide. ^1

Question 61

What is a p-type semi-conductor?

A)One with excess electrons in the valence band.
B)One with excess electrons in the conduction band.
C)One with a less-than-full valence band.
D)One with a less-than-full conduction band.
E)One with electrons positively in the conduction band.

Question 62

Which of the following have been shown to superconduct?

A)Various non-metal oxides.
B)Some ceramic oxides.
C)Metals at low temperatures.
D)Both A and B, above.
E)Both B and C, above.

Question 63

How does a p-n junction allow electric current to flow?

A)With lower resistance.
B)In one direction only.
C)With higher resistance.
D)Directly over the band gap.
E)It closes the band gap.

Question 64

What makes phosphors glow?

A)Electron impacts.
B)Plasma discharges.
C)Irradiation with UV
D)Both A and C, above.
E)None of the above.

Question 65

What best describes alnico?

A)A metal alloy.
B)A ferromagnetic alloy.
C)A non-metallic alloy.
D)An anti-ferromagnetic alloy.
E)An iron-containing alloy.

Question 66

Mercury,one of the first materials in which superconductivity was observed,does so at what temperature?

A)4K
B)14K
C)40K
D)23K
E)273K

Question 67

What do the current high temperature superconductors have in common?

A)They are all metals.
B)They are all non-metals.
C)They are all undoped materials.
D)They are ceramic oxides.
E)Nothing. There is nothing in common.

Question 68

Ferrofluids contain suspensions of coarsely divided elemental iron.True or false?

Question 69

Cooper pairs are formed in what way?

A)Electrons pair through p-n junctions.
B)Electrons pair by making use of lattice vibrations.
C)Electrons pair through gain and loss at specific atoms.
D)Electrons pair up because temperatures are sufficiently high.

Question 70

How does conduction in a semi-conductor compare to that in a metal?

A)It is better.
B)It is worse.
C)It is very nearly the same.
D)It is higher at low temperatures, and lower at high temperatures.

Question 71

The doping of a solid is the spreading of small amounts of impurities through it.True or false?

Question 72

What causes the green phosphor?

A)ZnS activated with silver.
B)Yttrium oxysulfide
C)Silver activated with ZnS.
D)Europium activated with ZnS.
E)ZnS activated with copper.

Question 73

When a material is superconductive,which of the following statements best describes it?

A)It has negligible electrical resistance.
B)It has high electrical resistance.
C)It has negligible electrons in the conduction band.
D)It has electrical resistance in one phase.
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 74

Paramagnetism is a weaker phenomenon than ferromagnetism.True or false?

Question 75

What is triboluminescence?

A)Another term for phosphorescence.
B)Luminescence that results from thermal excitation of a crystal.
C)Luminescence that results from mechanical shock to a crystal.
D)Luminescence that results from the interaction of at least three photons.
E)The emission of light through a chemical reaction.

Question 76

The ability of a semi-conductor to carry an electric current can be enhanced by adding electrons to the conduction band.True or false?

Question 77

How do luminescent materials release light?

A)By returning from an excited state to a lower, but still excited state.
B)By the absorption of any wavelength radiation.
C)By the absorption of light photons.
D)By returning from an excited state to a lower energy state.
E)Through an applied electric voltage.

Question 78

When a magnet is brought near a ferrofluid,the particles in the fluid try to align themselves with the magnetic field.True or false?

Question 79

What term is used for the emission of light from molecules excited by radiation of higher frequency?

A)Phosphorescence
B)Fluorescence
C)Both A and B, above.
D)None of the above.

Question 80

What is a magnetic domain?

A)A magnetic field.
B)A region of temporary aligned spins.
C)A region of permanent aligned spins.
D)An induced magnetic field.
E)A randomly applied magnetic field.