Deck 9: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Question 1

Of the molecules below,only ________ is nonpolar.

A)BF₃
B)NF₃
C)IF₃
D)PBr₃
E)BrCl₃

Answer 1

BF₃

Question 2

The electron-domain geometry and the molecular geometry of a molecule of the general formula AB_n will always be the same if ________.

A)there are no lone pairs on the central atom
B)there is more than one central atom
C)n is greater than four
D)n is less than four
E)the octet rule is obeyed

Answer 2

there are no lone pairs on the central atom

Question 3

An electron domain consists of ________.
a.a nonbonding pair of electrons
b.a single bond
c.a multiple bond

A)a only
B)b only
C)c only
D)a, b, and c
E)b and c

Answer 3

a, b, and c

Question 4

For molecules of the general formula AB_n,n can be greater than four ________.

A)for any element A
B)only when A is an element from the third period or below the third period
C)only when A is boron or beryllium
D)only when A is carbon
E)only when A is Xe

Question 5

The molecular geometry of the BrO₃^- ion is ________.

A)trigonal pyramidal
B)trigonal planar
C)bent
D)tetrahedral
E)T-shaped

Question 6

For which of the molecules is the molecular geometry (shape)the same as the VSEPR electron domain arrangement (electron domain geometry)?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(i)and (iii)
C)(ii)and (v)
D)(iv)and (v)
E)(v)only

Question 7

The bond angles marked a,b,and c in the molecule below are about ________,________,and ________,respectively.

A)109.5°, 109.5°, 109.5°
B)120°, 109.5°, 120°
C)109.5°, 109.5°, 120°
D)90°, 180°, 90°
E)109.5°, 109.5°, 90°

Question 8

The central Xe atom in the XeF₄ molecule has ________ unbonded electron pair(s)and ________ bonded electron pair(s)in its valence shell.

A)1, 4
B)2, 4
C)4, 0
D)4, 1
E)4, 2

Question 9

What is the molecular shape of H₂O?

A)T-shaped
B)tetrahedral
C)linear
D)trigonal pyramidal
E)bent

Question 10

The basis of the VSEPR model of molecular bonding is ________.

A)regions of electron density on an atom will organize themselves so as to maximize s-character
B)regions of electron density in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to maximize overlap
C)atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms must overlap for a bond to form
D)electron domains in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to minimize repulsions
E)hybrid orbitals will form as necessary to, as closely as possible, achieve spherical symmetry

Question 11

Of the following species,________ will have bond angles of 120°.

A)PH₃
B)ClF₃
C)NCl₃
D)BCl₃
E)All of these will have bond angles of 120°.

Question 12

The molecular geometry consists of ________.
a.a nonbonding pair of electrons
b.a single bond
c.a multiple bond

A)a only
B)b only
C)c only
D)a, b, and c
E)b and c

Question 13

The electron-domain geometry and the molecular geometry of a molecule of the general formula AB_n are ________.

A)never the same
B)always the same
C)sometimes the same
D)not related
E)mirror images of one another

Question 14

The molecular geometry of the right-most carbon in the molecule below is ________.

A)trigonal planar
B)trigonal bipyramidal
C)tetrahedral
D)octahedral
E)T-shaped

Question 15

The electron-domain geometry of ________ is tetrahedral.

A)CBr₄
B)PH₃
C)CCl₂Br₂
D)XeF₄
E)all of the above except XeF₄

Question 16

Of the molecules below,only ________ is polar.

A)CCl₄
B)CH₄
C)SeF₄
D)SiCl₄

Question 17

The bond angles marked a,b,and c in the molecule below are about ________,________,and ________,respectively.

A)90°, 90°, 90°
B)120°, 120°, 90°
C)120°, 120°, 109.5°
D)109.5°, 120°, 109.5°
E)109.5°, 90°, 120°

Question 18

PCl₅ has ________ electron domains and a ________ molecular arrangement.

A)6, trigonal bipyramidal
B)6, tetrahedral
C)5, square pyramidal
D)5, trigonal bipyramidal
E)6, seesaw

Question 19

In counting the electron domains around the central atom in VSEPR theory,a ________ is not included.

A)nonbonding pair of electrons
B)single covalent bond
C)core level electron pair
D)double covalent bond
E)triple covalent bond

Question 20

The molecular geometry of the left-most carbon atom in the molecule below is ________.

A)trigonal planar
B)trigonal bipyramidal
C)tetrahedral
D)octahedral
E)T-shaped

Question 21

The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by the sulfur atom in the SF₄ molecule are ________ orbitals.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 22

For molecules with only one central atom,how many lone pairs on the central atom guarantees molecular polarity?

A)1
B)2
C)1 or 2
D)3
E)1 or 3

Question 23

The molecular geometry of the CHF₃ molecule is ________,and the molecule is ________.

A)trigonal pyramidal, polar
B)tetrahedral, nonpolar
C)seesaw, nonpolar
D)tetrahedral, polar
E)seesaw, polar

Question 24

The sp³d² atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates ________ electron domains.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 25

What are the hybrid orbitals used for bonding by Xe in a XeCl₄ molecule?

A)sp²
B)sp³d²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp

Question 26

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom attached to the two oxygen atoms in the structure below?

A)sp³
B)sp
C)sp³d²
D)sp²
E)sp³d

Question 27

Which of the molecules has a square planar shape?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(i)and (v)
C)(iii)only
D)(ii)and (iv)
E)(iv)only

Question 28

Of the following molecules,only ________ is polar.

A)CCl₄
B)BCl₃
C)NCl₃
D)BeCl₂
E)Cl₂

Question 29

The molecular geometry of the PF₃ molecule is ________,and this molecule is ________.

A)trigonal planar, polar
B)trigonal planar, nonpolar
C)trigonal pyramidal, polar
D)trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar
E)tetrahedral, unipolar

Question 30

The hybridizations of nitrogen in NF₃ and NH₃ are ________ and ________,respectively.

A)sp², sp²
B)sp, sp³
C)sp³, sp
D)sp³, sp³
E)sp², sp³

Question 31

The sp² atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates ________ electron domains.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 32

Of the following molecules,only ________ is polar.

A)BeCl₂
B)BF₃
C)C
D)SiH₂Cl₂
E)Cl₂

Question 33

Which of the molecules has a see-saw shape?

A)(i)
B)(ii)
C)(iii)
D)(iv)
E)(v)

Question 34

Three monosulfur fluorides are observed: SF₂,SF₄,and SF₆.Of these,________ is/are polar.

A)SF₂ only
B)SF₂ and SF₄ only
C)SF₄ only
D)SF₆ only
E)SF₂, SF₄, and SF₆

Question 35

The hybridizations of iodine in IF₃ and IF₅ are ________ and ________,respectively.

A)sp³, sp³d
B)sp³d, sp³d²
C)sp³d, sp³
D)sp³d², sp³d
E)sp³d², sp³d²

Question 36

Of the following,the central atom is sp³d² hybridized only in ________.

A)PCl₅
B)XeF₄
C)PH₃
D)Br₃^-
E)BeF₂

Question 37

The molecular geometry of the BCl₃ molecule is ________,and this molecule is ________.

A)trigonal pyramidal, polar
B)trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar
C)trigonal planar, polar
D)trigonal planar, nonpolar
E)trigonal bipyramidal, polar

Question 38

The hybridization scheme for BeF₂ is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 39

The hybridizations of bromine in BrF₅ and of arsenic in AsF₅ are ________ and ________,respectively.

A)sp³, sp³d
B)sp³d, sp³d²
C)sp³d, sp³
D)sp³d², sp³d
E)sp³d², sp³d²

Question 40

The combination of two atomic orbitals results in the formation of ________ molecular orbitals.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)0

Question 41

The hybridization of nitrogen in the H-C N: molecule is ________.

A)sp
B)s²p
C)s³p
D)sp²
E)sp³

Question 42

________ hybrid orbitals are used for bonding by Xe in the XeF₄ molecule.

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp³d²
E)sp

Question 43

A molecule must have at least two resonance structures in order to display ________.

A)delocalized σ bonding
B)trigonal planar electron group geometry
C)localized π bonding
D)delocalized π bonding
E)localized σ bonding

Question 44

There are ________ σ bonds and ________ π bonds in H₃C-CH₂-CH CH-CH₂-C CH.

A)14, 2
B)10, 3
C)12, 2
D)13, 2
E)16, 3

Question 45

What is the hybridization of the I atom in a IF₅ molecule?

A)sp²d²
B)sp³d
C)sp³
D)sp³d²
E)sp²

Question 46

A typical triple bond ________.

A)consists of one σ bond and two π bonds
B)consists of three shared electrons
C)consists of two σ bonds and one π bond
D)consists of six shared electron pairs
E)is longer than a single bond

Question 47

The π bond in ethylene,H₂C CH₂,results from the overlap of ________.

A)sp³ hybrid orbitals
B)s atomic orbitals
C)sp hybrid orbitals
D)sp² hybrid orbitals
E)p atomic orbitals

Question 48

A triatomic molecule cannot be linear if the hybridization of the central atoms is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp² or sp³
E)sp²d or sp³d²

Question 49

The N-H bond in ammonia consists of ________.

A)one σ bond and one π bond
B)one σ bond and no π bonds
C)one σ bond and two π bonds
D)two σ bonds and one π bond
E)two σ bonds and two π bonds

Question 50

The carbon-hydrogen σ bond in ethylene,H₂C CH₂,results from the overlap of ________.

A)sp²-hybrid and s-atomic orbitals
B)sp hybrid orbitals
C)sp³ hybrid orbitals
D)s-hybrid and sp²-atomic orbitals
E)s atomic orbitals

Question 51

Valence bond theory addresses all of the following except ________.

A)molecular shape
B)covalent bonding
C)excited states of molecules
D)hybridization
E)multiple bonds

Question 52

In a C=C bond,the σ bond results from overlap of ________ orbitals and the π bond(s)result from overlap of ________ orbitals.

A)sp²-hybrid, p-atomic
B)sp²-atomic, p-hybrid
C)sp³-hybrid, p-atomic
D)sp-hybrid, p-atomic
E)σ-atomic, π-hybrid

Question 53

In which of the molecules is the central atom sp² hybridized?

A)(i)only
B)(i)and (ii)
C)(iii)and (iv)
D)(iii)only
E)(iv)and (v)

Question 54

Which of the following molecules or ions have various resonance structures?
CO₂ O₃ CO₃^2-

A)CO₂, O₃, and CO₃^2-
B)CO₂ and O₃
C)O₃ and CO₃^2-
D)CO₃^2- only
E)None of the above will exhibit delocalized bonding.

Question 55

Which of the following molecules or ions will exhibit delocalized bonding?
NO₂^- NH₄⁺ N₃^-

A)NH₄⁺ and N₃^-
B)NO₂^- only
C)NO₂^-, NH₄⁺, and N₃^-
D)N₃^- only
E)NO₂^- and N₃^-

Question 56

In a SO₄^2- ion,"localized" bonding electrons are associated with ________ particular atoms.

A)zero
B)one
C)two
D)three
E)four

Question 57

The hybridization of the terminal carbons in the H₂C C CH₂ molecule is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 58

A typical double bond consists of ________.

A)three sigma bonds
B)three pi bonds
C)one sigma and two pi bonds
D)one sigma and one pi bond
E)three ionic bonds

Question 59

When four atomic orbitals are mixed to form hybrid orbitals,how many hybrid orbitals are formed?

A)one
B)six
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 60

A typical double bond ________.

A)is stronger and shorter than a single bond
B)consists of one σ bond and one π bond
C)imparts rigidity to a molecule
D)consists of two shared electron pairs
E)All of the above answers are correct.

Question 61

Molecular Orbital theory correctly predicts paramagnetism of oxygen gas,O₂.This is because ________.

A)the bond order in O₂ can be shown to be equal to 2
B)there are more electrons in the bonding orbitals than in the antibonding orbitals
C)the energy of the π_2p MOs is higher than that of the σ_2p MO
D)there are two unpaired electrons in the MO electron configuration of O₂
E)the O-O bond distance is relatively short

Question 62

The hybridization of carbon in the H-C C-H molecule is ________.

A)sp²
B)sp
C)s²p
D)s³p
E)sp³

Question 63

Based on molecular orbital theory,the bond orders of the H-H bonds in H₂,H₂⁺,and H₂^- are ________,respectively

A)1, 0, and 0
B)1, 1/2, and 0
C)1, 0, and 1/2
D)1, 1/2, and 1/2
E)1, 2, and 0

Question 64

An antibonding π orbital contains a maximum of ________ electrons.

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6
E)8

Question 65

Electrons in ________ bonds remain localized between two atoms.Electrons in ________ bonds can become delocalized between more than two atoms.

A)pi, sigma
B)sigma, pi
C)pi, pi
D)sigma, sigma
E)ionic, sigma

Question 66

The hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled x in the structure below is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 67

Based on molecular orbital theory,the bond order of the H-H bond in the H₂⁺ ion is ________.

A)0
B)1/2
C)1
D)3/2
E)2

Question 68

The bond order of any molecule containing equal numbers of bonding and antibonding electrons is ________.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)1/2

Question 69

The hybridization of the carbon atom labeled x in the molecule below is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 70

In comparing the same two atoms bonded together,the ________ the bond order,the ________ the bond length,and the ________ the bond energy.

A)greater, shorter, greater
B)greater, greater, greater
C)greater, longer, greater
D)greater, greater, smaller
E)smaller, greater, greater

Question 71

Based on molecular orbital theory,the only molecule in the list below that has unpaired electrons is ________.

A)C₂
B)N₂
C)F₂
D)O₂
E)Li₂

Question 72

According to molecular orbital theory,how many unpaired electrons are in a peroxide ion,O₂^2-?

A)0
B)1/2
C)1
D)2
E)3

Question 73

Structural changes around a ________ bond in the retinal portion of the rhodopsin molecule trigger the chemical reactions that result in vision.

A)C=C
B)C-C
C)C C
D)C-H
E)C=N

Question 74

According to MO theory,overlap of two s atomic orbitals produces ________.

A)one bonding molecular orbital and one hybrid orbital
B)two bonding molecular orbitals
C)two bonding molecular orbitals and two antibonding molecular orbitals
D)two bonding molecular orbitals and one antibonding molecular orbital
E)one bonding molecular orbital and one antibonding molecular orbital

Question 75

Molecular Orbital theory correctly predicts diamagnetism of fluorine gas,F₂.This is because ________.

A)the bond order in F₂ can be shown to be equal to 1
B)there are more electrons in the bonding orbitals than in the antibonding orbitals
C)all electrons in the MO electron configuration of F₂ are paired
D)the energy of the π_2pMOs is higher than that of the σ_2p MO
E)the F-F bond enthalpy is very low

Question 76

According to molecular orbital theory,the bond order of N-N in nitrogen gas is ________.

A)0
B)1/2
C)1
D)2
E)3

Question 77

A molecular orbital can accommodate a maximum of ________ electron(s).

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6
E)12

Question 78

The hybridization and molecular shape of the carbon atom in carbon dioxide is ________.

A)sp and linear
B)sp³ and bent
C)sp² and linear
D)sp²d and bent
E)sp²d² and linear

Question 79

In comparing the same two atoms bonded together,the ________ the bond order,the ________ the bond length,and the ________ the bond energy.

A)greater, shorter, greater
B)greater, greater, greater
C)greater, longer, greater
D)smaller, longer, smaller
E)smaller, greater, greater

Question 80

According to molecular orbital theory,the bond order of He-He in the He₂ molecule is ________.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4