Deck 2: Money and the Payments System

Question 1

By "specialization" economists mean a situation where

A) individuals produce the goods or services for which they have relatively the best ability.
B) goods are traded directly for goods and money is not used.
C) individuals who produce goods do not also produce services and individuals who produce services do not also produce goods.
D) individuals are assigned to occupations on the basis of tests that gauge their relative abilities.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Barter is

A) another name for money.
B) an exchange of goods and services directly for goods and services.
C) the basis for economic specialization.
D) the main system of exchange in the United States today.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Andy can't make a deal with Danny.Andy has a Alex Rodriguez baseball card and would like to trade it to Danny for Danny's Albert Pujols card,but Danny doesn't want a Alex Rodriquez card.Andy's problem illustrates the drawback to a barter system known as

A) the specialization problem.
B) the double coincidence of wants problem.
C) the many prices problem.
D) the transactions problem.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a barter transaction?

A) An individual pays her electric bill with a check.
B) An individual pays her electric bill with currency.
C) An individual provides three light bulbs to her neighbor in exchange for two gallons of milk.
D) An individual deposits three twenty-dollar bills in her checking account.

Question 5

Money eliminates the need for

A) any government role in the economy.
B) specialization.
C) people to have a double coincidence of wants.
D) the market system.

Question 6

Under a barter system

A) each good has many prices.
B) each good has a single price.
C) no prices for goods exist.
D) prices for goods are very stable.

Question 7

A system of barter has substantial transactions costs because

A) taxes under such a system are generally a large fraction of the value of output.
B) traders must spend considerable time searching for trading partners.
C) the uncertainties of trade result in high legal fees being incurred to draw up binding contracts.
D) the uncertainties of trade result in high insurance premiums.

Question 8

How does the existence of money affect economic growth?

Question 9

When an economy relies on specialization,

A) the economy will generally produce only one product.
B) the economy will usually be heavily agricultural.
C) each individual in the economy produces the goods or services for which he or she has relatively the best ability.
D) each individual will be assigned by the government to produce that good or service the government believes the economy should specialize in.

Question 10

The problem of a double coincidence of wants refers to

A) the insatiability of wants in a free market economy.
B) poorly-managed companies producing what consumers want only by coincidence.
C) the necessity in a barter system of each trading partner wanting what the other has to trade.
D) the likelihood that needs will not be the same as wants.

Question 11

Which of the following is the most efficient means of trade?

A) barter
B) money
C) government rationing
D) the combination of barter with some government rationing

Question 12

In a barter system individuals

A) find it impossible to specialize.
B) must be entirely self-sufficient.
C) find it difficult to specialize, but may be able to do so.
D) will almost invariably specialize.

Question 13

How many prices would there be in a barter economy with 100 goods?

A) 100
B) 1,000
C) 4,950
D) 10,000

Question 14

In Moscow in 1989,what were taxi drivers using as a medium of exchange?

A) Russian rubles
B) Marlboro cigarettes
C) gold coins
D) caviar

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a significant cost that a barter system imposes on an economy?

A) Many prices must be maintained for each good.
B) Only agricultural goods may be traded.
C) Specialization of labor is hindered.
D) The costs arising from the problem of finding two people who each want what the other produces.

Question 16

The most important economic benefit from specialization is that it

A) makes it possible for an economy to begin using money.
B) leads to an increase in the standard of living in an economy.
C) makes barter possible.
D) eliminates the need for financial markets.

Question 17

Using a good as a medium of exchange confers the benefit that

A) the need to quote so many prices in trade is reduced.
B) the need for a double coincidence of wants is greatly increased.
C) the need for specialization is reduced.
D) transactions costs are increased, but they now may be paid in money terms.

Question 18

Under a system of barter

A) each individual trades output directly with another.
B) only agricultural goods may be traded.
C) goods may be traded for money, but money may not be traded for goods.
D) currency is accepted for purchases, but personal checks are not.

Question 19

Fundamentally,to reap the benefits of specialization,an economy must

A) be heavily industrial.
B) be heavily agricultural.
C) have an extensive system of higher education.
D) develop ways for individuals to trade goods with one another.

Question 20

An important reason why economies at an early stage of development tend to operate inefficiently is

A) they tend to be dominated by the agricultural sector, where productivity is usually low.
B) they tend to have authoritarian governments that stifle innovation.
C) they tend to be plagued by superstitious beliefs that stifle innovation.
D) the high transactions costs associated with barter.

Question 21

When economists refer to the role of money as a standard of deferred payment,they mean that

A) payments by checks are usually deferred until the checks clear the bank.
B) money earns interest while loan payments are deferred.
C) money provides a standard for payments that will occur in the future.
D) money today is worth less than money tomorrow.

Question 22

In what sense do self-fulfilling expectations determine the acceptability of a medium of exchange?

A) People like to do what the government expects them to do.
B) People value something as money only if they believe others will accept it from them as payment.
C) People expect that money will never lose its value.
D) People expect that eventually every country will use the same medium of exchange.

Question 23

When economists refer to the role of money as a store of value,they mean that

A) money never loses its value, unlike other assets.
B) money allows value to be stored easily.
C) the value of money falls only when the quantity of money in circulation falls.
D) the value of money falls only when the quantity of money in circulation rises.

Question 24

Which criterion for suitability as a medium of exchange do Federal Reserve Notes meet?

A) They are of standardized quality.
B) They are durable.
C) They are acceptable to most traders.
D) Federal Reserve Notes meet all of the criteria for suitability as a medium of exchange.

Question 25

In comparing money to shares of Apple stock,we can say that

A) money is a store of value, but shares of Apple stock are not.
B) shares of Apple stock are a store of value, but money is not.
C) both money and shares of Apple stock are stores of value.
D) neither money nor shares of Apple stock are stores of value.

Question 26

Money as a medium of exchange refers only to

A) currency.
B) gold coins.
C) anything that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services.
D) checks at commercial banks.

Question 27

An asset is

A) the same thing as a liability.
B) a thing of value that can be owned.
C) money, as opposed to stock or bonds.
D) anything that never declines in value.

Question 28

Wealth is

A) the sum of the value of assets.
B) equal to income.
C) a flow variable.
D) the sum of the value of assets minus value of liabilities.

Question 29

Suppose $100 buys less in the year 2011 than in 2000.Then we can say that

A) money's store of value has decreased.
B) money's store of value has increased.
C) the economy must have been growing rapidly between 2000 and 2011.
D) the economy must have been growing slowly between 2000 and 2011.

Question 30

When economists refer to the role of money as a unit of account,they mean that

A) most accounting systems reflect that goods are purchased with currency.
B) most accounting systems reflect that goods are purchased with checks.
C) money gives traders a way of measuring value in the economy.
D) money makes it possible for specialization to take place.

Question 31

Fiat money

A) is money that would have no value if it were not usable as money.
B) is illegal in most advanced, industrial countries.
C) is usually some type of precious metal.
D) will generally be accepted in trade for less than its face value.

Question 32

If prices increase rapidly

A) money's usefulness as a store of value is diminished.
B) money increases in value.
C) deflation is likely.
D) prices will decline to their normal level.

Question 33

What are four inefficiencies of a barter system?

Question 34

The difference between money and income is that whereas income is an individual's

A) flow of earnings over a period of time, money is an individual's stock of currency and currency substitutes.
B) stock of all assets, money is an individual's stock of currency and currency substitutes.
C) flow of earnings over a period of time, money is an individual's stock of all assets.
D) stock of currency and currency substitutes, money is an individual's stock of all assets.

Question 35

Money is a medium of exchange in that

A) money is generally accepted for buying and selling goods and services.
B) currency may be exchanged for gold at any national bank.
C) other assets may be better or worse in facilitating exchange than money.
D) it must maintain most of its value over time.

Question 36

The attribute that distinguishes money from other assets is that only money

A) retains its value during times of inflation.
B) is counted in determining the size of an individual's wealth.
C) serves as a medium of exchange.
D) may be used as collateral for a bank loan.

Question 37

What determines the acceptability of dollar bills as a medium of exchange?

A) Our society's willingness to use green paper notes issued by the Federal Reserve as money.
B) The willingness of the Federal Reserve to redeem dollar bills for gold.
C) The willingness of the U.S. Treasury to redeem dollar bills for gold.
D) The public's fear that failing to accept dollar bills will trigger a hyperinflation.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT an important criterion for whether a good will be usable as a medium of exchange?

A) The good must be of standardized quality.
B) The good must be valuable relative to its weight.
C) The good must have value even if it were not being used as money.
D) The good must be durable so that value is not lost through product spoilage.

Question 39

Why do individuals hold money when it does not provide the services that,say,a house does?

A) Money is the most liquid asset.
B) Money is the only form in which wealth may be held.
C) Money increases in value faster than other assets.
D) Money is useful in avoiding taxes on certain transactions.

Question 40

Other assets are inferior to money in the sense that

A) they increase in value more slowly than does money.
B) they have a lower overall return than money.
C) they are more vulnerable to losing their real value as inflation increases.
D) they generate transactions costs when they are exchanged for money.

Question 41

Automatic teller machines and debit cards are examples of

A) electronic funds transfer systems.
B) commodity monies.
C) legal tender in the United States.
D) modern barter systems.

Question 42

Economic studies have shown that countries that have high inflation rates have lower rates of economic growth than do countries with low inflation rates.Explain what underlies this relationship between inflation and economic growth.

Question 43

Why does the payments system continue to change over time?

Question 44

By designating Federal Reserve currency as legal tender,the federal government

A) has ensured that Federal Reserve currency will serve as money.
B) has guaranteed that Federal Reserve currency may be exchanged for an equivalent amount of gold or silver.
C) has mandated that Federal Reserve currency be accepted for payment of debts.
D) has mandated that Federal Reserve currency be accepted by citizens of foreign countries in exchange for their countries' currencies.

Question 45

One advantage of using checks to settle transactions is

A) they are more difficult to use fraudulently than currency or precious metals are.
B) there is effectively no cost to using them.
C) they are as liquid as cash.
D) there is no information cost involved in accepting them.

Question 46

What is the most important factor for Federal Reserve currency to be accepted as money?

A) Its acceptance by businesses and households in the United States in exchange for goods and services.
B) Its designation as legal tender by the federal government.
C) The willingness of the federal government to accept it in exchange for an equivalent amount of gold or silver coins.
D) The willingness of foreign businesses and banks to accept it in exchange for goods and services.

Question 47

Checks are

A) not acceptable for settling transactions in most industrialized countries.
B) less important than currency as a means of settling transactions.
C) promises to pay on demand money deposited with a financial institution.
D) promises to pay coins minted from precious metals on demand.

Question 48

If fiat money has no value apart from its use as money,how can it be used as a medium of exchange?

Question 49

What is the difference between money,income,and wealth?

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of a commodity money?

A) gold coins
B) dollar bills
C) British pound notes
D) Japanese yen notes

Question 51

In what way are other assets less liquid than money?

Question 52

If money is declared to be legal tender,it must be

A) minted from a precious metal.
B) acceptable to citizens of foreign countries.
C) possible to exchange it for an equivalent amount of precious metal.
D) accepted to settle private transactions and it must be used in paying taxes.

Question 53

What do many economists blame for the severity of the Great Depression?

A) The collapse of the banking system.
B) A rapid increase in the money supply.
C) The issuing of an excessively large amount of currency by the Federal Reserve.
D) The collapse of the electronic funds transfer system.

Question 54

As of July 2010,the amount of money as measured by M2 was about

A) $880 billion.
B) $1700 billion.
C) $8600 billion.
D) $14 trillion.

Question 55

The use of checks in transactions

A) entails lower information costs than the use of currency.
B) entails fewer steps than settling transactions with currency.
C) avoids the cost of shipping currency back and forth.
D) entails lower information and fewer steps than settling transactions with currency.

Question 56

All of the following are examples of electronic funds EXCEPT

A) credit cards.
B) debit cards.
C) stored value cards.
D) e-cash.

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of fiat money?

A) A cowry shell used as money on a South Pacific island.
B) A gold coin used as money in nineteenth century England.
C) A Federal Reserve Note used as money in the twenty-first century United States.
D) A pound of salt used as money in medieval France.

Question 58

The payments system is

A) the mechanism for conducting economic transactions.
B) another name for the system of foreign exchange rates.
C) the phrase used to describe how transactions are carried out in an economy that does not use money.
D) the way in which economic transactions are carried out in a government-controlled economy, such as the former Soviet Union.

Question 59

What are the five characteristics that make an asset suitable to be used as a medium of exchange?

Question 60

All of the following are problems associated with commodity money EXCEPT

A) it is a cumbersome form of payments system.
B) commodities tend to have little value in and of themselves.
C) its value is dependent on its purity.
D) costs are incurred in certifying the purity and weight of commodity money.

Question 61

Which of the following is the largest measure of money in the United States?

A) Federal Reserve notes
B) definitive money
C) M1
D) M2

Question 62

Why would people outside the United States choose to hold U.S.dollars?

Question 63

In July 2010,what was the total value of US currency in circulation?

A) $500 million
B) $150 billion
C) $886 billion
D) $6 trillion

Question 64

Money market deposit accounts are included in

A) only M1.
B) only M2.
C) M1 and M2.
D) neither M1 nor M2.

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT included in M2?

A) currency
B) savings bonds
C) money market deposit accounts
D) overnight repurchase agreements

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT included in M1?

A) currency
B) savings account deposits
C) checking account deposits
D) traveler's checks

Question 67

Which of the following statements is true about M2?

A) Its total value is smaller than that of M1.
B) Apart from those assets also included in M1, it includes no assets that offer check-writing features.
C) Its total value is about five times as large as M1.
D) It includes large-denomination time deposits.

Question 68

Which of the following is included in M1,but not in M2?

A) currency
B) checking account deposits
C) travelers checks
D) Everything in M1 is in M2.

Question 69

The narrowest money measure is

A) currency plus non-interest bearing checking accounts.
B) currency plus all checking accounts.
C) currency plus all deposits at financial institutions.
D) definitive money.

Question 70

The velocity of money can best be described as

A) how quickly prices are increasing.
B) how quickly output is increasing.
C) the number of times each dollar in the money supply us used to buy goods and services included in GDP.
D) the growth rate of the money supply.

Question 71

The purchasing power of money

A) rises when prices fall.
B) rises when prices rise.
C) is set by the Fed in January of each year.
D) is constant.

Question 72

The M1 and M2 aggregates

A) have moved very closely together since 1960.
B) have moved broadly together since 1960.
C) have moved significantly differently during certain periods since 1960.
D) have moved broadly together but have also moved very differently during certain periods since 1960.

Question 73

The M2 aggregate

A) includes M1 plus short-term investment accounts.
B) includes M1 plus large-denomination time deposits.
C) equals currency plus checking account deposits at commercial banks.
D) is the best definition of money purely as a medium of exchange.

Question 74

A hyperinflation occurs when

A) inflation persists for more than two years.
B) inflation persists for more than five years.
C) the inflation rate exceeds 10% per year.
D) the inflation rate exceeds 100% per year

Question 75

When prices rise,the purchasing power of money

A) rises.
B) falls.
C) is unaffected.
D) may rise, fall, or be unaffected depending upon circumstances.

Question 76

Approximately what proportion of US dollars are held outside the United States?

A) less than one-tenth
B) one-fourth
C) one-half
D) two-thirds

Question 77

What criteria should be used in deciding the best definition of the money supply?

Question 78

Suppose the GDP implicit price deflator was 112.7 in 2011 and 116.0 in 2012.Therefore,the inflation rate in 2012 would be

A) 2.8%.
B) 2.9%.
C) 3.3%.
D) 16%.

Question 79

The Fed's current position towards the existing monetary aggregates is

A) it is convinced that M1 is the best measure of the money supply.
B) it is convinced that M2 is the best measure of the money supply.
C) it is an issue of ongoing research.
D) it is reverting to considering currency alone as the best measure of the money supply.

Question 80

A monetary aggregate is a measure of

A) the inflation rate.
B) the total economic activity of the country.
C) money broader than currency.
D) definitive money.