Deck 8: Foreign Currency Derivatives and Swaps

Question 1

The price at which an option can be exercised is called the:

A)premium.
B)spot rate.
C)strike price.
D)commission.

Answer 1

strike price.

Question 2

An ________ option can be exercised only on its expiration date, whereas a/an ________ option can be exercised anytime between the date of writing up to and including the exercise date.

A)American; European
B)American; British
C)Asian; American
D)European; American

Answer 2

European; American

Question 3

Futures contracts require that the purchaser deposit an initial sum as collateral. This deposit is called a:

A)collateralized deposit.
B)marked market sum.
C)margin.
D)settlement.

Answer 3

margin.

Question 4

A foreign currency ________ contract calls for the future delivery of a standard amount of foreign exchange at a fixed time, place, and price.

A)futures
B)forward
C)option
D)swap

Question 5

A speculator that has ________ a futures contract has taken a ________ position.

A)sold; long
B)purchased; short
C)sold; short
D)purchased; sold

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a contract specification for currency futures trading on an organized exchange?

A)size of the contract
B)maturity date
C)last trading day
D)All of the above are specified.

Question 7

An option whose exercise price is equal to the spot rate is said to be:

A)in-the-money.
B)at-the-money.
C)out-of-the-money.
D)on-the-spot.

Question 8

A call option whose exercise price exceeds the spot price is said to be:

A)in-the-money.
B)at-the-money.
C)out-of-the-money.
D)over-the-spot.

Question 9

A speculator in the futures market wishing to lock in a price at which they could ________ a foreign currency will ________ a futures contract.

A)buy; sell
B)sell; buy
C)buy; buy
D)none of the above

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding currency futures contracts and forward contracts is NOT true?

A)A futures contract is a standardized amount per currency whereas the forward contact is for any size desired.
B)A futures contract is for a fixed maturity whereas the forward contract is for any maturity you like up to one year.
C)Futures contracts trade on organized exchanges whereas forwards take place between individuals and banks with other banks via telecom linkages.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 11

A foreign currency ________ option gives the holder the right to ________ a foreign currency, whereas a foreign currency ________ option gives the holder the right to ________ an option.

A)call, buy, put, sell
B)call, sell, put, buy
C)put, hold, call, release
D)none of the above

Question 12

A call option whose exercise price is less than the spot price is said to be:

A)in-the-money.
B)at-the-money.
C)out-of-the-money.
D)under-the-spot.

Question 13

About ________ of all futures contracts are settled by physical delivery of foreign exchange between buyer and seller.

A)0%
B)5%
C)50%
D)95%

Question 14

A foreign currency ________ gives the purchaser the right, not the obligation, to buy a given amount of foreign exchange at a fixed price per unit for a specified period.

A)future
B)forward
C)option
D)swap

Question 15

Jack Hemmings bought a 3-month British pound futures contract for $1.4400/£ only to see the dollar appreciate to a value of $1.4250 at which time he sold the pound futures. If each pound futures contract is for an amount of £62,500, how much money did Jack gain or lose from his speculation with pound futures?

A)$937.50 loss
B)$937.50 gain
C)£937.50 loss
D)£937.50 gain

Question 16

Financial derivatives are powerful tools that can be used by management for purposes of:

A)speculation.
B)hedging.
C)human resource management.
D)A and B above

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a difference between a currency futures contract and a forward contract?

A)The futures contract is marked to market daily, whereas the forward contract is only due to be settled at maturity.
B)The counterparty to the futures participant is unknown with the clearinghouse stepping into each transaction, whereas the forward contract participants are in direct contact setting the forward specifications.
C)A single sales commission covers both the purchase and sale of a futures contract, whereas there is no specific sales commission with a forward contract because banks earn a profit through the bid-ask spread.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 18

The main advantage(s)of over-the-counter foreign currency options over exchange traded options is (are):

A)expiration dates tailored to the needs of the client.
B)amounts that are tailor made.
C)client desired expiration dates.
D)all of the above

Question 19

An ________ option can be exercised only on its expiration date, whereas a/an ________ option can be exercised anytime between the date of writing up to and including the exercise date.

A)American; European
B)American; British
C)Asian; American
D)European; American

Question 20

Peter Simpson thinks that the U.K. pound will cost $1.43/£ in six months. A 6-month currency futures contract is available today at a rate of $1.44/£. If Peter was to speculate in the currency futures market, and his expectations are correct, which of the following strategies would earn him a profit?

A)Sell a pound currency futures contract.
B)Buy a pound currency futures contract.
C)Sell pounds today.
D)Sell pounds in six months.

Question 21

TABLE 8.1
Use the table to answer following question(s).
April 19, 2009, British Pound Option Prices (cents per pound, 62,500 pound contracts).
Refer to Table 8.1. The exercise price of ________ giving the purchaser the right to sell pounds in June has a cost per pound of ________ for a total price of ________.

A)1460; 0.68 cents; $425.00
B)1440; 1.06 cents; $662.50
C)1450; 1.02 cents; $637.50
D)1440; 1.42 cents; $887.50

Question 22

The buyer of a long call option:

A)has a maximum loss equal to the premium paid.
B)has a gain equal to but opposite in sign to the writer of the option.
C)has an unlimited maximum gain potential.
D)all of the above

Question 23

The maximum gain for the purchaser of a call option contract is ________ while the maximum loss is ________.

A)unlimited; the premium paid.
B)the premium paid; unlimited.
C)unlimited; unlimited.
D)unlimited; the value of the underlying asset.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true for the writer of a put option?

A)The maximum loss is limited to the strike price of the underlying asset less the premium.
B)The gain or loss is equal to but of the opposite sign of the buyer of a put option.
C)The maximum gain is the amount of the premium.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 25

Jasper Pernik is a currency speculator who enjoys "betting" on changes in the foreign currency exchange market. Currently the spot price for the Japanese yen is ¥129.87/$ and the 6-month forward rate is ¥128.53/$. Jasper thinks the yen will move to ¥128.00/$ in the next six months. If Jasper buys $100,000 worth of yen at today's spot price her potential gain is ________ and her potential loss is ________.

A)$100,000; unlimited
B)unlimited; unlimited
C)$100,000; $100,000
D)unlimited; $100,000

Question 26

A call option on euros is written with a strike price of $1.30/euro. Which spot price maximizes your profit if you choose to exercise the option before maturity?

A)$1.20/euro
B)$1.25/euro
C)$1.30/euro
D)$1.35/euro

Question 27

A call option on UK pounds has a strike price of $2.05/£ and a cost of $0.02. What is the break-even price for the option?

A)$2.03/£
B)$2.07/£
C)$2.05/£
D)The answer depends upon if this is a long or a short call option.

Question 28

Your U.S firm has an accounts payable denominated in UK pounds due in 6 months. To protect yourself against unexpected changes in the dollar/pound exchange rate you should:

A)buy a pound put option.
B)sell a pound put option.
C)buy a pound call option.
D)sell a pound call option.

Question 29

Jasper Pernik is a currency speculator who enjoys "betting" on changes in the foreign currency exchange market. Currently the spot price for the Japanese yen is ¥129.87/$ and the 6-month forward rate is ¥128.53/$. Jasper thinks the yen will move to ¥128.00/$ in the next six months. Jasper should ________ at ________ to profit from changing currency values.

A)buy yen; the forward rate
B)buy dollars; the forward rate
C)sell yen; the forward rate
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 30

A put option on yen is written with a strike price of ¥105.00/$. Which spot price maximizes your profit if you choose to exercise the option before maturity?

A)¥100/$
B)¥105/$
C)¥110/$
D)¥115/$

Question 31

As a general statement, it is safe to say that businesses generally use the ________ for foreign currency option contracts, and individuals and financial institutions typically use the ________.

A)exchange markets; over-the-counter
B)over-the-counter; exchange markets
C)private; government sponsored
D)government sponsored; private

Question 32

TABLE 8.1
Use the table to answer following question(s).
April 19, 2009, British Pound Option Prices (cents per pound, 62,500 pound contracts).
Refer to Table 8.1. The May call option on pounds with a strike price of 1440 mean:

A)$88/£ per contract.
B)$0.88/£.
C)$0.0088/£.
D)none of the above

Question 33

Currency futures contracts have become standard fare and trade readily in the world money centers.

Question 34

Jasper Pernik is a currency speculator who enjoys "betting" on changes in the foreign currency exchange market. Currently the spot price for the Japanese yen is ¥129.87/$ and the 6-month forward rate is ¥128.53/$. Jasper thinks the yen will move to ¥128.00/$ in the next six months. If Jasper buys $100,000 worth of yen at today's spot price and sells within the next six months at ¥128/$, he will earn a profit of:

A)$146.09
B)$101,460.94
C)$1460.94
D)nothing; he will lose money

Question 35

Dash Brevenshure works for the currency trading unit of ING Bank in London. He speculates that in the coming months the dollar will rise sharply vs. the pound. What should Dash do to act on his speculation?

A)Buy a call on the pound.
B)Sell a call on the pound.
C)Buy a put on the pound.
D)Sell a put on the pound.

Question 36

The buyer of a long put option:

A)has a maximum loss equal to the premium paid.
B)has a gain equal to but opposite in sign to the writer of the option.
C)has maximum gain potential limited to the difference between the strike price and the premium paid.
D)all of the above

Question 37

TABLE 8.1
Use the table to answer following question(s).
April 19, 2009, British Pound Option Prices (cents per pound, 62,500 pound contracts).
Refer to Table 8.1. What was the closing price of the British pound on April 18, 2009?

A)$1.448/£
B)£1.448/$
C)$14.48/£
D)none of the above

Question 38

The value of a European style call option is the sum of two components:

A)the present value plus the intrinsic value.
B)the time value plus the present value.
C)the intrinsic value plus the time value.
D)the intrinsic value plus the standard deviation.

Question 39

Jasper Pernik is a currency speculator who enjoys "betting" on changes in the foreign currency exchange market. Currently the spot price for the Japanese yen is ¥129.87/$ and the 6-month forward rate is ¥128.53/$. Jasper thinks the yen will move to ¥128.00/$ in the next six months. If Jasper's expectations are correct, then he could profit in the forward market by ________ and then ________.

A)buying yen for ¥128.00/$; selling yen at ¥128.53/$
B)buying yen for ¥128.53/$; selling yen at ¥128.00/$
C)There is not enough information to answer this question
D)He could not profit in the forward market.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT true for the writer of a call option?

A)The maximum loss is unlimited.
B)The maximum gain is unlimited.
C)The gain or loss is equal to but of the opposite sign of the buyer of a call option.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 41

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. Choosing strategy #1 will:

A)guarantee the lowest average annual rate over the next three years.
B)eliminate credit risk but retain repricing risk.
C)maintain the possibility of lower interest costs, but maximizes the combined credit and repricing risks.
D)preclude the possibility of sharing in lower interest rates over the three-year period.

Question 42

________ is the possibility that the borrower's creditworthiness is reclassified by the lender at the time of renewing credit. ________ is the risk of changes in interest rates charged at the time a financial contract rate is set.

A)Credit risk; Interest rate risk
B)Repricing risk; Credit risk
C)Interest rate risk; Credit risk
D)Credit risk; Repricing risk

Question 43

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. Choosing strategy #2 will:

A)guarantee the lowest average annual rate over the next three years.
B)eliminate credit risk but retain repricing risk.
C)maintain the possibility of lower interest costs, but maximizes the combined credit and repricing risks.
D)preclude the possibility of sharing in lower interest rates over the three-year period.

Question 44

The single largest interest rate risk of a firm is:

A)interest sensitive securities.
B)debt service.
C)dividend payments.
D)accounts payable.

Question 45

Compare and contrast foreign currency options and futures. Identify situations when you may prefer one vs. the other when speculating on foreign exchange.

Question 46

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. After the fact, under which set of circumstances would you prefer strategy #1? (Assume your firm is borrowing money.)

A)Your credit rating stayed the same and interest rates went up.
B)Your credit rating stayed the same and interest rates went down.
C)Your credit rating improved and interest rates went down.
D)Not enough information to make a judgment.

Question 47

The writer of the option is referred to as the seller, and the buyer of the option is referred to as the holder.

Question 48

The ________ of an option is the value if the option were to be exercised immediately. It is the option's ________ value.

A)intrinsic value; maximum
B)intrinsic value; minimum
C)time value; maximum
D)time value; minimum

Question 49

Foreign currency options are available both over-the-counter and on organized exchanges.

Question 50

Jasper Pernik is a currency speculator who enjoys "betting" on changes in the foreign currency exchange market. Currently the spot price for the Japanese yen is ¥129.87/$ and the 6-month forward rate is ¥128.53/$. Jasper would earn a higher rate of return by buying yen and a forward contract than if he had invested her money in 6-month US Treasury securities at an annual rate of 2.50%.

Question 51

Most option profits and losses are realized through taking actual delivery of the currency rather than offsetting contracts.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the premium price of a currency option?

A)the present spot rate
B)the time to maturity
C)the standard deviation of the daily spot price movement
D)All of the above are factors in determining the premium price.

Question 53

The major difference between currency futures and forward contracts is that futures contracts are standardized for ease of trading on an exchange market whereas forward contracts are specialized and tailored to meet the needs of clients.

Question 54

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. If your firm felt very confident that interest rates would fall or, at worst, remain at current levels, and were very confident about the firm's credit rating for the next 10 years, which strategy would you likely choose? (Assume your firm is borrowing money.)

A)Strategy #3
B)Strategy #2
C)Strategy #1
D)Strategy #1, #2, or #3; you are indifferent among the choices.

Question 55

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. The risk of strategy #1 is that interest rates might go down or that your credit rating might improve. The risk of strategy #3 is: (Assume your firm is borrowing money.)

A)that interest rates might go down or that your credit rating might improve.
B)that interest rates might go up or that your credit rating might improve.
C)that interest rates might go up or that your credit rating might get worse.
D)none of the above

Question 56

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. Choosing strategy #3 will:

A)guarantee the lowest average annual rate over the next three years.
B)eliminate credit risk but retain repricing risk.
C)maintain the possibility of lower interest costs, but maximizes the combined credit and repricing risks.
D)preclude the possibility of sharing in lower interest rates over the three-year period.

Question 57

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. The risk of strategy #1 is that interest rates might go down or that your credit rating might improve. The risk of strategy #2 is: (Assume your firm is borrowing money.)

A)that interest rates might go down or that your credit rating might improve.
B)that interest rates might go up or that your credit rating might improve.
C)that interest rates might go up or that your credit rating might get worse.
D)none of the above

Question 58

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. Which strategy (strategies)will eliminate credit risk?

A)Strategy #1
B)Strategy #2
C)Strategy #3
D)Strategies #1 and #2

Question 59

Why are foreign currency futures contracts more popular with individuals and banks while foreign currency forwards are more popular with businesses?

Question 60

Assume that a call option has an exercise price of $1.50/£. At a spot price of $1.45/£, the call option has:

A)a time value of $0.04.
B)a time value of $0.00.
C)an intrinsic value of $0.00.
D)an intrinsic value of -$0.04.

Question 61

Unlike the situation with exchange rate risk, there is no uncertainty on the part of management for shareholder preferences regarding interest rate risk. Shareholders prefer that managers hedge interest rate risk rather than having shareholders diversify away such risk through portfolio diversification.

Question 62

Historically, interest rate movements have shown less variability and greater stability than exchange rate movements.

Question 63

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. After the fact, under which set of circumstances would you prefer strategy #3? (Assume your firm is borrowing money.)

A)Your credit rating stayed the same and interest rates went up.
B)Your credit rating stayed the same and interest rates went down.
C)Your credit rating improved and interest rates went down.
D)Not enough information to make a judgment.

Question 64

The time value is asymmetric in value as you move away from the strike price (i.e., the time value at two cents above the strike price is not necessarily the same as the time value two cents below the strike price).

Question 65

A firm with fixed-rate debt that expects interest rates to fall may engage in a swap agreement to:

A)pay fixed-rate interest and receive floating rate interest.
B)pay floating rate and receive fixed rate.
C)pay fixed rate and receive fixed rate.
D)pay floating rate and receive floating rate.

Question 66

A swap agreement may involve currencies or interest rates, but never both.

Question 67

Which of the following is an unlikely reason for firms to participate in the swap market?

A)To replace cash flows scheduled in an undesired currency with cash flows in a desired currency.
B)Firms may raise capital in one currency but desire to repay it in another currency.
C)Firms desire to swap fixed and variable payment or receipt of funds.
D)All of the above are likely reasons for a firm to enter the swap market.

Question 68

A basis point is one-tenth of one percent.

Question 69

The interest rate swap strategy of a firm with fixed rate debt and that expects rates to go up is to:

A)do nothing.
B)pay floating and receive fixed.
C)receive floating and pay fixed.
D)none of the above

Question 70

An agreement to swap the currencies of a debt service obligation would be termed a/an:

A)currency swap.
B)forward swap.
C)interest rate swap.
D)none of the above

Question 71

An agreement to exchange interest payments based on a fixed payment for those based on a variable rate (or vice versa)is known as a/an:

A)forward rate agreement.
B)interest rate future.
C)interest rate swap.
D)none of the above

Question 72

The financial manager of a firm has a variable rate loan outstanding. If she wishes to protect the firm against an unfavorable increase in interest rates she could:

A)sell an interest rate futures contract of a similar maturity to the loan.
B)buy an interest rate futures contract of a similar maturity to the loan.
C)swap the adjustable rate loan for another of a different maturity.
D)none of the above

Question 73

An interbank-traded contract to buy or sell interest rate payments on a notional principal is called a/an:

A)forward rate agreement.
B)interest rate future.
C)interest rate swap.
D)none of the above

Question 74

Instruction 8.1:
For the following problem(s), consider these debt strategies being considered by a corporate borrower. Each is intended to provide $1,000,000 in financing for a three-year period.
• Strategy #1: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a fixed rate of interest of 7%.
• Strategy #2: Borrow $1,000,000 for three years at a floating rate of LIBOR + 2%, to be reset annually. The current LIBOR rate is 3.50%
• Strategy #3: Borrow $1,000,000 for one year at a fixed rate, and then renew the credit annually. The current one-year rate is 5%.
Refer to Instruction 8.1. After the fact, under which set of circumstances would you prefer strategy #2? (Assume your firm is borrowing money.)

A)Your credit rating stayed the same and interest rates went up.
B)Your credit rating stayed the same and interest rates went down.
C)Your credit rating improved and interest rates went down.
D)Not enough information to make a judgment.

Question 75

The potential exposure that any individual firm bears that the second party to any financial contract will be unable to fulfill its obligations under the contract is called:

A)interest rate risk.
B)credit risk.
C)counterparty risk.
D)clearinghouse risk.

Question 76

A/an ________ is a contract to lock in today interest rates over a given period of time.

A)forward rate agreement
B)interest rate future
C)interest rate swap
D)none of the above

Question 77

A firm with variable-rate debt that expects interest rates to rise may engage in a swap agreement to:

A)pay fixed-rate interest and receive floating rate interest.
B)pay floating rate and receive fixed rate.
C)pay fixed rate and receive fixed rate.
D)pay floating rate and receive floating rate.

Question 78

Which of the following would be considered an example of a currency swap?

A)exchanging a dollar interest obligation for a British pound obligation
B)exchanging a eurodollar interest obligation for a dollar obligation
C)exchanging a eurodollar interest obligation for a British pound obligation
D)All of the above are examples of a currency swap.

Question 79

Interest rate futures are relatively unpopular among financial managers because of their relative illiquidity and their difficulty of use.

Question 80

An agreement to swap a fixed interest payment for a floating interest payment would be considered a/an:

A)currency swap.
B)forward swap.
C)interest rate swap.
D)none of the above