Deck 20: Introduction to Biochemistry Online Only

Question 1

(CH₂O)_n is an general formula used to represent

A)proteins.
B)nucleic acids.
C)esters.
D)carbohydrates.

Answer 1

carbohydrates.

Question 2

Organisms are able to convert disaccharides to monosaccharides by the process of

A)dehydration synthesis.
B)hydrolysis.
C)esterification.
D)saponification.

Answer 2

hydrolysis.

Question 3

Which is a monosaccharide?

A)Glucose
B)Lactose
C)Starch
D)Maltose

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

Cellulose is a(n)

A)ester.
B)ether.
C)hydrocarbon.
D)carbohydrate.

Question 5

Starches are examples of

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.

Question 6

Carbohydrates supply about 17 kJ of energy per gram.What mass of glucose would yieldapproximately 340 kJ of energy?

A)5800 g
B)0.050 g
C)20.g
D)357 g

Question 7

Which is a disaccharide?

A)Cellulose
B)Glucose
C)Galactose
D)Maltose

Question 8

C_x(H₂O)_y is an general formula used to represent

A)lipids.
B)carbohydrates.
C)alcohols.
D)proteins.

Question 9

Animals are able to store carbohydrates as

A)glucagon.
B)glycogen.
C)insulin.
D)protein.

Question 10

Which are the four major elements found in living matter?

A)Sulfur,carbon,iron,and hydrogen
B)Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and nitrogen
C)Iron,carbon,sulfur,and nitrogen
D)Phosphorous,sulfur,nitrogen,and carbon

Question 11

The most abundant unsaturated acids in fats and oils contain

A)5 carbon atoms
B)30 carbon atoms
C)6 carbon atoms
D)18 carbon atoms

Question 12

A gene is

A)a chromosome.
B)a segment of the DNA chain that codifies a protein or RNA.
C)a part of the nucleus of the cell.
D)a nucleoprotein.

Question 13

Carbohydrates supply about 17 kJ of energy per gram.The energy yield for the oxidation of 34 grams of glucose is approximately

A)0.50 kJ
B)2.0 kJ
C)68 kJ
D)580 kJ

Question 14

Which is a disaccharide?

A)Galactose
B)Lactose
C)Fructose
D)Amylose

Question 15

Which is a monosaccharide?

A)Sucrose
B)Fructose
C)Lactose
D)Maltose

Question 16

The empirical formula of glucose is

A)CH₂O
B)C₂H₄O₂
C)C₄H₈O₄
D)C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 17

Fats are solid at room temperature because

A)they contain a large amount of hydrogen bonds.
B)they contain a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
C)they contain a large amount of carbon-hydrogen bonds.
D)they contain a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids.

Question 18

The simplest carbohydrates are

A)peptides.
B)dipeptides.
C)monosaccharides.
D)disaccharides.

Question 19

The four major classes of molecules upon which all life depends are

A)carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids.
B)carbohydrates,ethers,proteins,and nucleic acids.
C)carbohydrates,alcohols,proteins,and nucleic acids.
D)alcohols,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids.

Question 20

Which is a component of RNA?

A)Resorcinol
B)Retene
C)Retenone
D)Ribose

Question 21

Polysaccharides can be broken down into a large number of monosaccharide molecules by the process of

A)hydrolysis.
B)dehydration synthesis.
C)addition.
D)halogenation.

Question 22

At room temperature oils exist as

A)solids.
B)liquids.
C)gases.
D)crystals.

Question 23

A complex carbohydrate is a

A)protein.
B)polypeptide.
C)lipid.
D)polysaccharide.

Question 24

Glucose and galactose are

A)riboses.
B)hexomers.
C)isomers.
D)peptomers.

Question 25

Fats and oils are prepared from one molecule of glycerine and

A)one molecule of fatty acid.
B)two molecules of fatty acid.
C)three molecules of fatty acid.
D)four molecules of fatty acid.

Question 26

At room temperature fats exist as

A)solids.
B)liquids.
C)gases.
D)vapors.

Question 27

The chief structural unit of plants and wood is

A)cellulose.
B)protein.
C)starch.
D)glycogen.

Question 28

Which is a polysaccharide?

A)Glucose
B)Starch
C)Levulose
D)Dextrose

Question 29

Which is a polysaccharide?

A)Glycogen
B)Sucrose
C)Maltose
D)Fructose

Question 30

Which is a component of DNA?

A)Deoxyribose
B)Dextrose
C)Dodecane
D)Doryl

Question 31

Plants store food energy as

A)glycogen.
B)glucagon.
C)starch.
D)protein.

Question 32

The most abundant organic compound found in nature is

A)chitin.
B)DNA.
C)starch.
D)cellulose.

Question 33

Animals store food energy as

A)glycogen.
B)cellulose.
C)enzymes.
D)glucagon.

Question 34

Fats and oils are called

A)monoglycerides.
B)diglycerides.
C)triglycerides.
D)tetraglycerides.

Question 35

Fats and oils are

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)hydrocarbons.
D)lipids.

Question 36

The end product of the digestion of starch is

A)cellulose.
B)glucose.
C)glycogen.
D)glucagon.

Question 37

The complete oxidation of glucose yields water and

A)polysaccharides.
B)polypeptides.
C)dextrose.
D)carbon dioxide.

Question 38

Disaccharides are formed by removing a molecule from between two monosaccharide molecules.The molecule removed is

A)glucose.
B)sodium hydroxide.
C)oxygen.
D)water.

Question 39

Which is a polysaccharide?

A)Levulose
B)Lactose
C)Ribose
D)Cellulose

Question 40

In humans excess glucose is stored as

A)glycogen.
B)cellulose.
C)dextrose.
D)fructose.

Question 41

In DNA,cytosine is always paired with

A)guanine.
B)uracil.
C)thymine.
D)adenine.

Question 42

The molecules which usually supply heat and energy to the body are

A)carbohydrates and lipids.
B)proteins and lipids.
C)proteins and carbohydrates.
D)nucleic acids and proteins.

Question 43

Which usually functions as a catalyst for biochemical reactions?

A)Fats
B)Oils
C)Carbohydrates
D)Enzymes

Question 44

The protein portion of a conjugated enzyme is the

A)apoenzyme.
B)dienzyme.
C)coenzyme.
D)sterioenzyme.

Question 45

Maltose is the substrate for the enzyme

A)maltone.
B)maltese.
C)maltase.
D)maltode.

Question 46

The raw material for the repair and replacement of worn out tissue comes from

A)lipids.
B)carbohydrates.
C)proteins.
D)nucleic acids.

Question 47

In DNA,adenine is always paired with

A)cytosine.
B)thymine.
C)guanine.
D)uracil.

Question 48

Sucrose is the substrate for the enzyme

A)sucrete.
B)sucrate.
C)sucrese.
D)sucrase.

Question 49

Vitamins often function as

A)apoenzymes.
B)dienzymes.
C)coenzymes.
D)sterioenzymes.

Question 50

Enzymes increase reaction rates by

A)increasing the heat of reaction.
B)decreasing the heat of reaction.
C)increasing the activation energy.
D)decreasing the activation energy.

Question 51

The most abundant steroid in the human body is

A)testosterone.
B)progesterone.
C)estrogen.
D)cholesterol.

Question 52

Holoenzymes are composed of a

A)dienzyme and an apoenzyme.
B)coenzyme and an apoenzyme.
C)steroid and an apoenzyme.
D)steroid and a coenzyme.

Question 53

Fats are normally oxidized to

A)CO and H₂O
B)CO and H₂O₂
C)CO₂ and H₂O
D)CO₂ and H₂O₂

Question 54

The oxidation of fats yields about 39 kJ of energy per gram.How much fat must be oxidizedto yield approximately 273 kJ?

A)0.14 g
B)234 g
C)7.0 g
D)11000 g

Question 55

Enzymes are

A)proteins.
B)carbohydrates.
C)oils.
D)Fats.

Question 56

The hydrolysis of a lipid yields

A)ethanol and fatty acids.
B)ethanol and water.
C)glycerol and water.
D)glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 57

The chemical reactions which occur in the human body are regulated by

A)oils.
B)enzymes.
C)fats.
D)carbohydrates.

Question 58

Soaps are formed from

A)alcohols and sodium hydroxide.
B)alcohols and hydrochloric acid.
C)lipids and sodium hydroxide.
D)lipids and hydrochloric acid.

Question 59

Proteins are polymers of

A)amino acids.
B)glucose.
C)glycerol.
D)amylase.

Question 60

The oxidation of fats yields about 39 kJ of energy per gram.The energy yield from the oxidation of 195 g of fat is approximately

A)0.20 kJ
B)5.0 kJ
C)7.8 kJ
D)7600 kJ

Question 61

The process by which a cell divides to produce a nucleus with half the normal compliment of DNA is called

A)translation.
B)mitosis.
C)transcription.
D)meiosis.

Question 62

Usually the flow of genetic information is as follows

A)DNA $\rarr$ RNA $\rarr$ Protein
B)DNA $\rarr$ Protein $\rarr$ RNA
C)RNA $\rarr$ DNA $\rarr$ Protein
D)RNA $\rarr$ Protein $\rarr$ DNA

Question 63

The following structure corresponds to

A)adenine.
B)guanine.
C)thymine.
D)cytosine.

Question 64

The two strands of the double stranded helix of DNA are held together by

A)ionic bonds.
B)hydrogen bonds.
C)peptide bonds.
D)phosphate ester bonds.

Question 65

A nucleotide consists of

A)four nitrogen-containing bases linked together.
B)a nitrogen-containing base linked to a sugar.
C)a nitrogen-containing base linked to a sugar that is linked to a phosphate group.
D)two nitrogen-containing bases linked through hydrogen bonds.

Question 66

Which molecule contains the genetic code for life which is passed on from generation to generation?

A)ATP
B)ADP
C)DNA
D)RNA

Question 67

In which portion of the cell is the DNA located?

A)Cell membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosome
D)Mitochondria

Question 68

Complimentary base pairs in DNA are linked by the formation of

A)phosphate ester bonds.
B)peptide linkages.
C)hydrogen bonds.
D)ionic bonds.

Question 69

Which sugar is not a hexose?

A)Ribose
B)Glucose
C)Fructose
D)Galactose

Question 70

The following structure corresponds to

A)adenine.
B)guanine.
C)thymine.
D)cytosine.

Question 71

When amino acids join in protein formation,the bond which forms between the carbon of one amino acid and the nitrogen of the next is known as a(n)

A)ionic bond.
B)hydrogen bond.
C)electrovalent bond.
D)peptide linkage.

Question 72

The following structure corresponds to

A)adenine.
B)guanine.
C)thymine.
D)cytosine.

Question 73

Which is not a fundamental component of DNA?

A)Deoxyribose
B)Cytosine
C)Adenine
D)Uracil

Question 74

In which process does the DNA replicate to form two identical complete sets of DNA?

A)Amniocentesis
B)Cytokinesis
C)Mitosis
D)Meiosis

Question 75

Transcription is the process by which

A)proteins direct the synthesis of RNA.
B)proteins direct the synthesis of DNA.
C)DNA directs the synthesis of RNA.
D)RNA directs the synthesis of DNA.

Question 76

Which element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates?

A)Oxygen
B)Hydrogen
C)Nitrogen
D)Carbon

Question 77

In RNA,thymine is replaced by

A)cytosine.
B)adenine.
C)guanine.
D)uracil.

Question 78

How many chromosomes are in a normal human cheek cell?

A)38
B)46
C)48
D)54

Question 79

The following structure corresponds to

A)adenine.
B)guanine.
C)thymine.
D)cytosine.

Question 80

The substance acted on by an enzyme is called a(n)

A)catalyst.
B)apoenzyme.
C)coenzyme.
D)substrate.