Deck 21: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

Question 1

Which of the following structures is used to control the flow of blood through a capillary bed?

A)thoroughfare channels
B)precapillary sphincters
C)postcapillary sphincters
D)venules
E)valves in veins

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A blockage in the external iliac artery will reduce blood flow to the

A)external iliac artery
B)common iliac artery
C)femoral artery
D)abdominal aorta
E)ileal artery

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic (or pulmonary)blood vessels per minute is called

A)stroke volume.
B)tidal volume.
C)cardiac output.
D)cardiac reserve.
E)total peripheral resistance.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The bronchial arteries arise from the

A)left subclavian artery
B)brachiocephalic trunk
C)right subclavian artery
D)left common carotid artery
E)thoracic aorta

Question 5

The layer of a blood vessel that is in direct contact with the blood is the [dropdown 1] while the layer of the vessel that is made up of smooth muscle and elastic fibers is the [dropdown 2].
Dropdown 1 choices:
tunica albuginea
tunica externa
tunica interna
tunica media
tunica vasculosa
Dropdown 2 choices::
tunica albuginea
tunica externa
tunica interna
tunica media
tunica vasculosa

Question 6

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood from the tissues back to the heart?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)aorta
D)veins
E)capillaries

Question 7

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart to other organs?

A)arteries
B)capillaries
C)venules
D)arterioles
E)veins

Question 8

The largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries is

A)interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
B)interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.
C)blood colloid osmotic pressure.
D)blood hydrostatic pressure.
E)glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

Question 9

The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called

A)a thoroughfare channel.
B)a blood reservoir.
C)a detour route.
D)collateral circulation.
E)microcirculation.

Question 10

Cardiac output is dependent on both

A)heart rate and stroke volume.
B)stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance.
C)heart rate and systemic vascular resistance.
D)blood type and stroke volume.
E)blood pressure and heart rate

Question 11

Which of the following is the most important method of capillary exchange?

A)diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)bulk flow
D)primary active transport
E)secondary active transport

Question 12

A blockage in the proximal portion of the right subclavian artery will not only affect circulation to the right arm,but also to the

A)left arm
B)left ventricle
C)right ventricle
D)left vertebral artery
E)left common carotid artery

Question 13

Which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?

A)tunica interna
B)tunica media
C)tunica externa
D)tunica albuginea
E)tunica fascia

Question 14

Capillaries are also referred to as

A)exchange vessels.
B)vasoconstrictors.
C)vasodilators.
D)pressure reservoirs.
E)distributing vessels.

Question 15

In order to supply nourishment to liver tissue,which vessel must deliver blood to the organ?

A)hepatic artery
B)hepatic vein
C)hepatic portal vein
D)superior mesenteric artery
E)splenic artery

Question 16

Which of the following types of tissues contains continuous capillaries?

A)skeletal muscle
B)smooth muscle
C)connective tissue
D)lungs
E)all of these choices

Question 17

The pressure-driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called

A)reabsorption.
B)filtration.
C)bulk flow.
D)osmosis.
E)transcytosis.

Question 18

In resting individuals,which vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed?

A)Arteries and arterioles
B)Arterioles and capillaries
C)Venules and capillaries
D)Veins and venules
E)Aorta and veins

Question 19

How might drugs that inhibit angiogenesis and are used to treat tumors,increase the risk of a heart attack in an older individual with atherosclerosis?

Question 20

If a patient is confined to bed and is unable to walk at all,which of the following will be seriously affected?

A)blood flow to the lungs
B)blood flow to the kidneys
C)the circulation returning from the lower body
D)blood flow to the intestines
D)circulation in the jugular veins

Question 21

The most common disorder affecting the heart and blood vessels is

A)hypotension
B)aneurysm
C)infarction
D)arrhythmia
E)hypertension

Question 22

Which of the labeled layers in the diagram of the arterial wall is composed of a simple squamous epithelium,a basement membrane and a layer of elastic tissue?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Question 23

Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in systemic vascular resistance?

A)Decreased diameter of systemic arterioles
B)Increased blood viscosity
C)Decreased length of the systemic circulatory route
D)Increased vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles
E)Increased red blood cell count

Question 24

Vascular resistance depends on which of these factors? Select all that apply.

A)size of the blood vessel lumen
B)blood viscosity
C)total blood vessel length
D)glucose content of the blood

Question 25

Compare and contrast the processes of diffusion,transcytosis and bulk flow in the process of capillary exchange.

Question 26

A blockage to one or both of the inferior phrenic veins will cause a backup of blood into which structure?

A)the liver
B)the kidney
C)the heart
D)the diaphragm
E)the spleen

Question 27

Which of the following hormones would NOT stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood pressure?

A)Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
B)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C)Aldosterone
D)Angiotensin II
E)Norepinephrine

Question 28

Which labeled structure in the figure is precapillary sphincter?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 29

Blood flow passing through the posterior aspect of the knee is achieved through the

A)tibial arteries
B)popliteal arteries
C)common iliac arteries
D)internal iliac arteries
E)external iliac arteries

Question 30

Abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent (open)ductus arteriosus cause a large increase in the

A)blood colloid osmotic pressure.
B)net filtration pressure
C)pulse pressure.
D)blood hydrostatic pressure.
E)interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.

Question 31

Which labeled structure in the figure is a metarteriole?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)F
E)E

Question 32

Which of the labeled layers in the diagram of the arterial wall consists mainly of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)A and B
E)A,B and C

Question 33

The circulatory system aids in the homeostasis of the skeletal system by

A)delivering calcium
B)delivering phosphate
C)transporting hormones for bone metabolism
D)transporting hormones for production of red blood cells
E)all of the above

Question 34

The cardiovascular center is located

A)in the thoracic cavity.
B)in the cerebral cortex.
C)in the cerebellum.
D)in the medulla oblongata.
E)in the hypothalamus.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a contribution of the cardiovascular system to other body systems?

A)Blood delivers clotting factors and WBCs that aid in hemostasis when skin is damaged.
B)Blood delivers calcium and phosphate ions that are needed for building bone extracellular matrix.
C)Blood carries carbon dioxide to body tissues and removes oxygen for use by other organs.
D)Blood carries newly absorbed nutrients and water to the liver.
E)Blood circulates cells and chemicals that carry out immune functions.

Question 36

The branches from the ascending aorta that supply blood to the cardiac muscle are the

A)circumflex arteries
B)coronary arteries
C)anterior descending arteries
D)interventricular arteries
E)pulmonary arteries

Question 37

Pericardial arteries supply blood to the

A)outer heart muscle
B)tissue of the aorta
C)tissue of the pulmonary trunk
D)tissues of the pericardial sac
E)all of these

Question 38

The right common carotid artery branches directly off the

A)left common carotid artery
B)left subclavian artery
C)brachiocephalic trunk
D)right subclavian artery
E)right coronary artery

Question 39

Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in arterial blood pressure?

A)Increased blood volume
B)Increased sympathetic stimulation
C)Increased heart rate
D)Increased stroke volume
E)Increased arteriolar vasodilation

Question 40

Nutrients from digested food enter the liver via the

A)hepatic portal circulation
B)hepatic vein
C)abdominal aorta
D)inferior vena cava
E)renal veins

Question 41

When the umbilical cord is tied after birth,the umbilical arteries close by filling in with

A)placental fluid.
B)platelet plugs.
C)connective tissue.
D)smooth muscle.
E)epithelial tissue.

Question 42

The tunica interna of [dropdown 1] is thin with a fenestrated internal elastic lamina that disappears distally,while the tunica interna of [dropdown 2] is made of endothelium and a basement membrane with no internal elastic lamina.
Dropdown 1 choices:
arterioles
elastic arteries
muscular arteries
muscular venules
veins
Dropdown 2 choices:
arterioles
elastic arteries
muscular arteries
muscular venules
veins

Question 43

Identify and discuss the factors that contribute to systemic vascular resistance.

Question 44

The pulmonary trunk divides into

A)brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery
B)right and left subclavian arteries.
C)right and left pulmonary veins.
D)right and left pulmonary arteries.
E)right and left common carotid arteries.

Question 45

How might an individual who develops a blood clot that totally blocks a coronary artery still survive with a minimal amount of damage to the cardiac muscle supplied by that artery?

Question 46

Which of the types of capillaries shown in the figure is commonly found in the kidneys,villi of the small intestine,choroid plexuses,and some endocrine glands?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 47

All the veins of the systemic circulation eventually drain into the

A)superior vena cava.
B)inferior vena cava.
C)coronary sinus.
D)superior and inferior vena cava.
E)superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.

Question 48

Which of the capillaries shown in the figure has an incomplete or absent basement membrane?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Question 49

Which of the following vessels drains blood from the head and neck?

A)Median cubital vein
B)Inferior vena cava
C)Axillary vein
D)Femoral vein
E)Jugular vein

Question 50

Describe the route of an RBC traveling from the heart to the left elbow and back to the heart.

Question 51

If the foramen ovale doesn't close at birth,the result will be

A)overloading the lungs with blood
B)excessive volume in the pulmonary trunk
C)a reduction of volume in the aorta
D)introducing deoxygenated blood into the systemic circulation
E)no change in the content of the systemic or pulmonary circulations

Question 52

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "B"?

A)right ulnar artery
B)right subclavian artery
C)right radial artery
D)right brachial artery
E)right axillary artery

Question 53

Which of the following vessels carries the venous blood from the lower body into the right atrium?

A)Inferior vena cava
B)Superior vena cava
C)Tibial vein
D)Coronary vein
E)Iliac vein

Question 54

What physiological process is depicted in this figure?

A)Venous blood blockage
B)Skeletal muscle pump
C)Respiratory pump
D)Thoroughfare channels
E)Anastomosis

Question 55

In a freak accident,an overheated and dehydrated roofer falls off the roof and onto a mirror that is being brought into a construction site.The mirror breaks and cuts several blood vessels,including the femoral artery.What will happen to the roofer's net filtration pressure (NFP)in his capillary beds? Why?

Question 56

Describe the vessel wall characteristics of the five main types of blood vessels that blood travels through from the time it leaves the left ventricle until it returns to the right atrium.

Question 57

Which of the following would NOT occur in response to hypovolemic shock?

A)Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA)system.
B)Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C)Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS.
D)Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
E)Release of local vasodilators.

Question 58

Which of the following vessels drains blood from the lower leg?

A)Jugular vein
B)Superior vena cava
C)Tibial vein
D)Coronary vein
E)Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 59

Some patients who are suffering from hypertension (high blood pressure)are prescribed medications that are in the category of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors.Explain why these drugs are used to combat hypertension.

Question 60

Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the intestines?

A)Radial artery
B)Subclavian artery
C)Mesenteric artery
D)Coronary artery
E)Popliteal artery

Question 61

Into which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed?

A)Normal
B)High normal
C)Prehypertension
D)Stage 1 hypertension
E)Stage 2 hypertension

Question 62

Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?

A)Adrenal cortex releases aldosterone.
B)Kidneys conserve salt and water.
C)Heart rate increases.
D)Decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
E)Heart contractility increases.

Question 63

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "B"?

A)left femoral vein
B)left great saphenous vein
C)left popliteal vein
D)left anterior tibial vein
E)left fibular vein

Question 64

In the fetal heart,several structures allow blood from the left and right sides to mix.When the newborn takes its first breath,these structures must close to ensure that oxygenated blood from the left side does not mix with deoxygenated blood from the right side.Which of the following closed structures prevent this mixing between the systemic and pulmonary circulation after the umbilical cord is cut? Select all that apply.

A)fossa ovalis
B)ligamentum arteriosum
C)ligamentum venosum
D)ligamentum teres

Question 65

During embryonic development,blood cells are formed from

A)endodermal cells.
B)pluripotent stem cells.
C)angioblasts.
D)fibroblasts.
E)osteoblasts.

Question 66

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "C"?

A)left femoral vein
B)left great saphenous vein
C)left popliteal vein
D)left anterior tibial vein
E)left fibular vein

Question 67

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "D"?

A)accessory hemiazygos vein
B)hemiazygos vein
C)right renal vein
D)right suprarenal vein
E)pericardial vein

Question 68

The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the

A)right atrium to the right ventricle.
B)right ventricle to the left atrium.
C)left atrium to the left ventricle.
D)left ventricle to the right atrium.
E)left ventricle to the coronary sinus.

Question 69

Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is less than

A)120/80.
B)130/90.
C)80/120.
D)100/80.
E)150/85.

Question 70

Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)that causes progressive destruction of alveoli (air sacs)in the lungs leading to a decreased ability to exhale.How does this disease affect carbon dioxide levels in the blood?

A)they are unaffected
B)they increase
C)they decrease
D)the result varies with each individual
E)first,they increase,then they decrease

Question 71

What is the main difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulations with respect to their autoregulatory response to a drop in blood O₂ level?

Question 72

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "C"?

A)accessory hemiazygos vein
B)hemiazygos vein
C)left gonadal vein
D)right renal vein
E)right suprarenal vein

Question 73

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "F"?

A)left femoral vein
B)left great saphenous vein
C)left popliteal vein
D)left anterior tibial vein
E)left small saphenous vein

Question 74

What is a portal vein? Describe the hepatic portal circulation.

Question 75

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "G"?

A)accessory hemiazygos vein
B)hemiazygos vein
C)right suprarenal vein
D)pericardial vein
E)azygos vein

Question 76

What would the mean arterial pressure be for an individual with a blood pressure of 120/80?

A)40
B)93.3
C)13.3
D)120
E)200

Question 77

During embryonic development,blood vessels are formed by

A)endodermal cells.
B)pluripotent stem cells.
C)angioblasts.
D)fibroblasts.
E)osteoblasts.

Question 78

Which of the following categories of hypertension drugs lower blood pressure by blocking formation of angiotensin II,which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion?

A)Diuretics
B)ACE inhibitors
C)Beta blockers
D)Calcium channel blockers
E)Anabolic steroids

Question 79

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "A"?

A)right subclavian artery
B)right radial artery
C)right common carotid artery
D)right brachial artery
E)right axillary artery

Question 80

Which of the following types of blood vessels have high,pulsing blood pressure?

A)arterioles
B)capillaries
C)venules
D)veins
E)vena cavae