Deck 26: The Urinary System

Question 1

This occurs when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane,across the cytosol,and then into the interstitial fluid.

A)paracellular reabsorption
B)transcellular reabsorption
C)apical reabsorption
D)basolateral reabsorption
E)active transport

Answer 1

B

Question 2

An analysis of the physical,chemical,and microscopic properties of urine is called

A)urinalysis
B)filtration study
C)concentration study
D)diuretic
E)osmolarity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

This is smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter.

A)adipose capsule
B)renal capsule
C)renal hilus
D)renal cortex
E)renal medulla

Answer 3

B

Question 4

This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.

A)reabsorption
B)filtration
C)secretion
D)excretion
E)none of these choices

Question 5

Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys?

A)renal artery > segmental artery > interlobular artery > peritubular capillaries > afferent arterioles
B)interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > arcuate veins
C)arcuate veins > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > renal vein
D)renal vein > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > efferent arterioles
E)interlobar veins > afferent arterioles > efferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries

Question 6

Which is not a major function of the kidney?

A)regulation of blood ionic composition
B)regulation of blood cell size
C)regulation of blood volume
D)regulation of blood pressure
E)regulation of blood pH

Question 7

This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate.

A)reabsorption
B)filtration
C)secretion
D)excretion
E)none of these choices

Question 8

The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb what percentage of filtered water?

A)25%
B)50%
C)65%
D)80%
E)99%

Question 9

Glomerular capillaries and podocytes together form the

A)glomerular endothelial cells
B)filtration membrane
C)pedicels
D)filtration slits
E)slit membrane

Question 10

Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a(n)[dropdown 1] of blood [dropdown 2]?
Dropdown 1 choices:
decrease
increase
Dropdown 2 choices:
calcium levels
pH
potassium
sodium
volume

Question 11

Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?

A)glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule (PCT),nephron loop,distal convoluted tubule (DCT),collecting duct
B)nephron loop,glomerular capsule,PCT,DCT,collecting duct
C)ascending limb of loop,PCT,DCT,collecting duct
D)collecting duct,DCT,PCT,collecting duct,glomerular capsule
E)PCT,glomerular capsule,DCT,collecting duct,nephron loop

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?

A)It increases GFR
B)It can decrease GFR
C)It enhances reabsorption of certain ions
D)It stimulates the release of aldosterone
E)None of these choices

Question 13

Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?

A)glomerular capsule
B)nephron loop
C)ascending limb
D)collecting duct
E)proximal convoluted tubule

Question 14

This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.

A)glycolysis
B)gluconeogenesis
C)glucosamine
D)glucose
E)calcitriol

Question 15

Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n)______________ of blood ____________?

A)increase,pressure
B)decrease,volume
C)increase,sodium levels
D)decrease,pH
E)increase,urea

Question 16

This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.

A)glomerular filtration rate
B)tubulomerular feedback
C)myogenic mechanism
D)renal autoregulation
E)capsular hydrostatic pressure

Question 17

Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea in the

A)renal capsule
B)nephron loop
C)ascending tubule
D)renal medulla
E)renal pelvis

Question 18

Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?

A)urea
B)glucose
C)insulin
D)cholesterol
E)carbon dioxide

Question 19

The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the

A)renal columns
B)renal medulla
C)renal pelvis
D)calyces
E)renal papilla

Question 20

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

A)glomerulus
B)nephron loop
C)ascending limb
D)collecting duct
E)renal tubule

Question 21

This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.

A)Urethral sphincter
B)Adventitia bundle
C)Ureter
D)Internal urethral orifice
E)Muscularis bundle

Question 22

Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these.

A)I
B)J
C)K
D)L
E)H

Question 23

Where is the arcuate vein?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 24

Where is the papillary duct?

A)C
B)F
C)H
D)N
E)O

Question 25

This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 26

This can be divided into the cortical zone and the juxtamedullary zone.

A)A
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 27

This structure is the apex of a renal pyramid.

A)E
B)D
C)G
D)K
E)L

Question 28

Where is the distal convoluted tubule?

A)D
B)E
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 29

What two structures comprise the renal corpuscle?

A)A and B
B)C and D
C)E and F
D)K and L
E)N and O

Question 30

Water accounts for what percentage of the total volume of urine?

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)80%
E)95%

Question 31

What is line "C" pointing to?

A)Distal convoluted tubule
B)Interlobular artery
C)Efferent arteriole
D)Arcuate artery
E)Corticomedullary junction

Question 32

Where is the ascending limb of the nephron loop?

A)C
B)D
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 33

This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

A)Urethra
B)Ureter
C)Descending nephron loop
D)Renal hilus
E)None of these choices

Question 34

This layer's main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity.

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 35

Urine formed by the nephrons first drains into these.

A)H
B)I
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 36

This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue,collagen and elastic fibers.

A)Mucosa
B)Transitional epithelium
C)Lamina propria
D)Adventitia
E)Lamina elastica

Question 37

What does line "M" point to?

A)Arcuate artery
B)Arcuate vein
C)Collecting duct
D)Descending loop
E)Efferent arteriole

Question 38

This layer runs deep to the peritoneum on the anterior surface of the kidneys.

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 39

This is a test to measure kidney function.

A)Plasma creatinine
B)Renal study
C)Kidney assay
D)Dialysis
E)Hilus study

Question 40

Where is the corticomedullary junction?

A)G
B)J
C)M
D)N
E)O

Question 41

Which vessel in the diagram is the cortical radiate vein?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)L

Question 42

Fluid flowing from point H in the figure will go to which structure next?

A)L
B)B
C)I
D)G
E)N

Question 43

What is line "C" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 44

Fluid flowing from point N in the figure will go to which structure next?

A)G
B)H
C)C
D)B
E)K

Question 45

Discuss the importance of countercurrent flow to the functioning of the nephron.

Question 46

An increase in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease,injury,or irritation of kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins,ether,or heavy metals manifests as which condition?

A)albuminuria
B)lucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)ketonuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 47

Which vessel in the diagram is the afferent arteriole?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)L

Question 48

What is line "D" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 49

Describe the structural features of the renal corpuscle that enhance its blood filtering capacity.

Question 50

Describe in detail how the renin angiotensin negative feedback loop helps regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate in response to dehydration.

Question 51

What is line "B" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 52

Trace the flow of a water molecule through the nephrons from the afferent arteriole to the minor calyx.

Question 53

If an individual goes on a crash diet and loses weight very rapidly,he or she will risk the development of

A)kidney failure
B)kidney stones
C)nephroptosis
D)a urinary tract infection
E)bladder stones

Question 54

Fluid flowing from point B in the figure will go to which of the following structures?

A)J
B)M
C)I
D)G
E)H

Question 55

Describe the flow of blood through the kidneys.

Question 56

Which vessel in the diagram is the cortical radiate artery?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)L
E)C

Question 57

What is line "A" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 58

Which vessel(s)in the diagram are the renal capsule?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)M
E)A

Question 59

Fluid flowing from point G in the figure will go to which structure next?

A)N
B)H
C)I
D)M
E)K

Question 60

Blood plasma and dissolved substances with molecules that are smaller than most proteins are filtered directly into the

A)renal tubule
B)collecting duct
C)proximal convoluted tubule
D)distal convoluted tubule
E)glomerular capsule

Question 61

Inflammation of the kidneys is called

A)cystitis
B)nephrotic syndrome
C)pyelonephritis
D)urethritis
E)glomerulitis

Question 62

Absence of angiotensin converting enzyme will lead to

A)decreased blood pressure
B)increased blood pressure
C)will not have any effect on blood pressure
D)All of these choices are correct.
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 63

These are tiny masses of material,hardened in the lumen of the urinary tubule and are flushed out when filtrate builds up behind them:

A)ketone bodies
B)erythrocytes
C)casts
D)microbes
E)urobilinogen

Question 64

The kidneys release _________ to raise blood pressure.

A)renin
B)angiotensin II
C)ADH
D)ANP
E)epinephrine

Question 65

Anorexia,starvation,or a diet too low in carbohydrates manifests as which condition?

A)albuminuria
B)glucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)ketonuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 66

Candida albicans and E.coli are which type of abnormal constituent of urine:

A)ketone bodies
B)erythrocytes
C)casts
D)microbes
E)urobilinogen

Question 67

Excessive urine concentration of a normal breakdown product of hemoglobin,caused by pernicious anemia,infectious hepatitis,jaundice or cirrhosis,manifests as which condition?

A)albuminuria
B)glucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)hematuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 68

Stress,causing excessive amounts of epinephrine secretion which stimulates glycogen breakdown,manifests as which condition? This condition can also indicate diabetes mellitus.

A)albuminuria
B)glucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)hematuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 69

What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in humans?

A)2)350 - 3.700
B)0)002 - 1.000
C)4)6 - 8.0
D)1)001 - 1.035
E)1)04 - 2.60

Question 70

Excessive calcium ingestion and low water intake can lead to which condition?

A)renal calculi
B)urinary tract infections
C)glomerulonephritis
D)polycystic kidney disease
E)urinary bladder cancer

Question 71

This hormone is released when the blood volume increases.

A)Parathyroid Hormone
B)Renin
C)ADH
D)Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
E)Aldosterone

Question 72

In males,both the urinary system and the _________ use the urethra.

A)integument
B)reproductive system
C)respiratory system
D)digestive system
E)cardiovascular system

Question 73

Another name for the glomerular capsule is _____ capsule.

A)Cowper's
B)Skene's
C)Bartholin's
D)Bowman's
E)Brenner's

Question 74

What is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

A)8)1 - 10.6
B)4)6 - 8.0
C)1)0 - 3.0
D)3)1 - 4.0
E)10.0 - 12.0

Question 75

Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.

A)Aldosterone
B)Renin
C)ANH
D)Angiotensin-II
E)ADH

Question 76

The kidneys convert some of the bilirubin from hemoglobin breakdown to ________,a
Yellow pigment.

A)urobilinogen
B)bile
C)stercobilin
D)urobilin
E)albumin

Question 77

This substance gives bile its major pigmentation:

A)ketone bodies
B)erythrocytes
C)casts
D)bilirubin
E)glucose

Question 78

Some kidney diseases cause a change in the permeability of glomerular capillaries making
Them more permeable to plasma proteins.This changes the colloid osmotic pressure,thus
Drawing water out of the blood and into tissues.The result is

A)dehydration
B)edema
C)overhydration
D)high blood pressure
E)there is no actual change

Question 79

Shock wave lithotripsy is often used to treat which condition?

A)renal calculi
B)urinary tract infections
C)glomerulonephritis
D)polycystic kidney disease
E)urinary bladder cancer

Question 80

What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?

A)1-2 L / hr
B)1-2 L / day
C)2-3 L / hr
D)3-4 L / week
E)10 L / 24 hours