Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

A)Stratum basale
B)Stratum spinosum
C)Stratum granulosum
D)Stratum lucidum
E)Stratum corneum

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine,unpigmented hairs to help with warmth and insulation.Which type of hair is described?

A)Terminal
B)Vellus
C)Lanugo
D)Papilla

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which statements are true?
1)The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum.
2)Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction,such as the palms and soles.
3)Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum.
4)Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses.

A)1,2,3,4
B)1 and 4
C)2,3,4
D)1 and 2
E)3 and 4

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Choose the following statements that describe keratin.
1)Keratin is a tough,fibrous protein.
2)Keratin is used for pigmenting skin.
3)Keratin helps protect the skin.
4)Keratin participates in immune responses.
5)Keratin protects the skin from UV light.

A)1 and 3
B)1,3,4,5
C)2,4,5
D)1,2,3,4,5
E)3 and 5

Question 5

List and briefly describe the major functions of the skin.

Question 6

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?

A)Melanocytes
B)Sebaceous glands
C)Sweat glands
D)Stratum lucidum
E)Epidermal ridges

Question 7

Describe the structure and function of arrector pili.

Question 8

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion.

A)Sebaceous gland
B)Eccrine gland
C)Apocrine gland
D)Eccrine and apocrine glands
E)Sebaceous and Eccrine glands

Question 9

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the

A)hypodermis.
B)basement membrane.
C)epidermis.
D)dermis.
E)subcutaneous (subQ)layer.

Question 10

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the

A)dermis
B)epidermis
C)stratum corneum
D)stratum basale
E)hypodermis

Question 11

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation?

A)Sebaceous gland
B)Eccrine sweat gland
C)Apocrine sweat gland
D)Ceruminous gland

Question 12

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

A)melanin.
B)carotene.
C)both melanin and carotene.
D)keratin.
E)melanocytes.

Question 13

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?

A)Keratin
B)Melanin
C)Melatonin
D)Carotene
E)Hemoglobin

Question 14

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the

A)epidermis.
B)dermis.
C)hypodermis.
D)subcutaneous layer.
E)superficial fascia.

Question 15

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the

A)stratum basale
B)stratum spinosum
C)stratum granulosum
D)stratum lucidum
E)stratum corneum

Question 16

In a skin infection,which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

A)Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)
B)Melanocytes
C)Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)
D)Stem Cells

Question 17

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

A)stratum basale.
B)stratum spinosum.
C)stratum granulosum.
D)stratum lucidum.
E)stratum corneum.

Question 18

Describe how fingerprints are formed and what they are used for.

Question 19

Put the events of keratinization in order.
A)Accumulate keratohyalin granules
B)Cells increase in size,some retain ability to divide
C)Cell membrane thickens.Cells imbedded in lipid matrix.
D)Cells within this layer proliferate

A)d,b,c,a
B)a,b,d,c
C)b,d,a,c
D)d,b,a,c

Question 20

Secretion mixture of fats,sterols,proteins and salts,that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.

A)Sweat
B)Cerumen
C)Sebum
D)Mucus

Question 21

In the diagram of a hair root shown,where does melanin get deposited? Select all that apply.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 22

Briefly describe the steps in epidermal wound healing.

Question 23

Which of the following areas in the diagram below gives the wound temporary integrity from external factors,like microbes?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)H

Question 24

In the photomicrograph shown below,which layer will contain melanocyte projections,keratinocytes and intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells)?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 25

In the diagram of a hair root shown,which area may be missing in thinner hair?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 26

In the diagram of skin shown below,where is smooth muscle found?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 27

In the photomicrograph shown below,which layer is only seen in thick skin?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 28

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n)

A)hypertrophic scar
B)keloid scar
C)granulation scar
D)epidermal scar

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point B in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?

A)Blood clot is forming.
B)New collagen fibers are forming.
C)Damaged blood vessels are being repaired.
D)Epithelium is migrating across wound.
E)Scar tissue is forming.

Question 30

In the photomicrograph shown below,which layer do new cells arise?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 31

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown,a hangnail is associated with drying of what area?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 32

In the diagram of skin shown below,which structure illustrates that thin skin is present?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 33

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below create the framework of fibers that new tissue is built?

A)B
B)C
C)E
D)F

Question 34

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below,which area acts similar to stratum basale,with mitotic cells?

A)A
B)C
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 35

In the diagram of skin shown below,which labeled structure generates fingerprints?

A)A
B)B
C)G
D)D

Question 36

In the diagram of a hair root shown,which area is composed of dense connective tissue?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 37

In the diagram of skin shown below,which area is primarily composed of areolar connective tissue?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)A

Question 38

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown,which area is comparable to the stratum corneum with visible vascular tissue beneath?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 39

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown,the area that lacks the stratum granulosum is primarily protected by

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)F
E)G

Question 40

Briefly describe the steps in deep wound healing

Question 41

Which structures house Meissner's corpuscles,free nerve endings and capillary loops?

A)A
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 42

Describe the major differences between thin skin and thick skin.

Question 43

In the diagram,which is the papilla of the hair?

A)A
B)C
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 44

Which structure in the figure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat,microbes and chemicals?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 45

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults?

A)hirsutism
B)pallor
C)jaundice
D)male-pattern baldness
E)erythema

Question 46

In the diagram,where does apoptosis occur?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 47

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase,what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin?

A)carotene production
B)melanin production
C)tyrosine production
D)hemoglobin production
E)keratin production

Question 48

In the diagram,which area is composed of areolar connective tissue?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 49

Which structure would recognize pulling of the skin during stiches even after a doctor anesthetizes the area?

A)A
B)H
C)G
D)I
E)F

Question 50

Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 51

Which structure is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

A)A
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 52

Which statement best describes why the diagram represents thick skin? Choose the best answer.

A)Thick skin lacks melanocytes.
B)Thick skin contains five stratums.
C)Thick skin epithelia is vascular.
D)Thick skin epithelia is avascular.
E)Thick skin contains stem cells.

Question 53

Which structure in the figure produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV radiation?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 54

In the diagram,where are actively dividing cells located?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 55

Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid,secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue?

A)B
B)D
C)C
D)E

Question 56

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical.This condition is

A)cyanosis
B)pallor
C)jaundice
D)alopecia
E)erythema

Question 57

John has just been brought into the emergency room following a fiery explosion at a chemical plant.He is diagnosed with third degree burns over the anterior surfaces of his arms and trunk.What specific structural damage has occurred to his skin? What risks to John's life have resulted from this damage?

Question 58

Which structures in the figure are sensitive to warmth,coolness and itching?

A)A
B)G
C)F
D)H
E)J

Question 59

A child is examined for chronic,pruritic (itching),plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body.What condition is the child most likely presenting?

A)hemangioma
B)keratosis
C)hives
D)eczema

Question 60

Describe the structural characteristics of the epidermis that contribute to its ability to protect the surface of an animal.

Question 61

Match the term with the best description
[dropdown 1]: Actively dividing cells of the nails.
[dropdown 2]: Hardened epithelial tissue above the hypnychium.
[dropdown 3]: Crescent shaped area that appears white due to thickened epithelial.
[dropdown 4]: Portion of the stratum corneum that grows onto the nail body.
Drop Down Choices:
cuticle
lunula
nail bed
nail matrix

Question 62

Which statements describe sebaceous glands?
1)oil producing
2)merocrine
3)holocrine
4)thermoregulation
5)sebum
6)apocrine

A)1,3,5
B)2,4,6
C)1,2,4,6
D)1,2,5
E)3,5,6

Question 63

In the elderly,blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active.This combination of factors would most affect

A)the ability to thermoregulate
B)the ability to grow hair
C)the ability to feel sensations
D)the ability to produce vitamin D

Question 64

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'.Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange?

A)The pigment carotene is stored there.
B)The pigment hemoglobin is stored there.
C)The pigment pheomelanin is stored there.
D)The pigment eumelanin is stored there.
E)The pigment keratin is stored there.

Question 65

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper.You slice through your forearm and blood appears.What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep.
1)dermis
2)Stratum spinosum
3)Stratum granulosum
4)Stratum corneum
5)Stratum basale
6)Stratum lucidum

A)1,5,2,3,6,4
B)1,5,2,3,4
C)4,3,2,5,1
D)4,6,3,2,5,1

Question 66

When you are hot,blood vessels in the dermis_[dropdown 1] to maintain homeostasis.
When you are cold,blood vessels in the dermis [dropdown 2] to maintain homeostasis.
Heat loss from the body will[dropdown 3],when blood vessels in the dermis dilate.
Heat loss from the body will [dropdown 4] when blood vessels in the dermis constrict.
Drop Down Choices:
constrict,
decrease,
dilate
increase

Question 67

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop?

A)Endoderm
B)Ectoderm
C)Mesoderm
D)Both endoderm and ectoderm.

Question 68

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes.What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints?

A)callus
B)blister
C)wart
D)corn
E)cyst

Question 69

Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin.What term best describes this injury?

A)abrasion
B)blister
C)keloid
D)laceration
E)cyst

Question 70

Which statements describe the function and structure of the skin?
1)Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin.
2)Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients.
3)The arrangement of epidermal ridges,mixed with sweat create fingerprints.
4)The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis.
5)The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin.

A)1,2,5
B)1,2,4,5
C)1,2,3,5
D)3,4,5
E)1 and 5

Question 71

How do nutrients reach the epidermis?

A)absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin.
B)utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis.
C)the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living.
D)diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

Question 72

"Goose bumps" are caused by

A)contraction of arrector pili muscles.
B)secretions from the sudoriferous glands.
C)contraction of dermal papillae.
D)stimulation of hair root plexus.
E)secretions from the sebaceous gland.

Question 73

Which statements describing vitamin D are true.
1)The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light.
2)When the skin is exposed to UV light,it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys.
3)Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light.
4)Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines.
5)Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity.

A)1,2,3
B)2,3,4
C)1,2,3,4,5
D)2,4,5
E)2 and 4

Question 74

You stepped on a nail.List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis.

A)basale,spinosum,granulosom,corneum
B)granulosom,spinosum,lucidum,corneum,basale
C)corneum,lucidum,granulosom,spinosum,basale
D)corneum,granulosom,spinosum,basale
E)corneum,granulosom,lucidum,spinosum,basale

Question 75

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts.While the reaction is not severe,the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin.These patches are

A)urticaria
B)contusions
C)papules
D)cysts
E)calluses

Question 76

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis.Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c?

A)Papillary region of the dermis
B)Reticular region of the dermis
C)Subcutaneous layer
D)Hypodermis
E)Epidermis

Question 77

The skin is known as the _________membrane.

A)Cutaneous
B)Mucous
C)Synovial
D)Serous
E)Subcutaneous

Question 78

Describe the structure and function of the different types of exocrine glands found in the skin