Deck 9: Joints

Question 1

List the three structural categories of joints and briefly describe the criteria used for structural classification of joints.

Answer 1

The structural types of joints include:1)fibrous joints,2)cartilaginous joints,and 3)synovial joints.Joints can be classified structurally based on two criteria:1)the presence or absence of a space between the articulating bones,called a synovial cavity and 2)the type of connective tissue that binds the bones together.

Question 2

List the three functional classifications of joints,and briefly describe the basis for the functional classification of joints.

Answer 2

The functional classification joint is based on the degree of movement that they allow.The three functional classes are:1)synarthroses,which are totally immovable,2)amphiarthroses,which have slight movement,and 3)diarthroses,which are freely moveable joints.

Question 3

Dense irregular connective tissue is located in
1)Syndesmosis
2)Gomphosis
3)Suture

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)Both 1 and 2
E)1,2,and 3

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Bending over and touching your toes describes what movement in reference to your intervertebral discs?

A)flexion
B)extension
C)lateral flexion
D)hyperextension
E)rotation

Question 5

Which is made from dense regular connective tissue?

A)Ligaments
B)Articular cartilage
C)Articular fat pads
D)Synovial membrane
E)Menisci

Question 6

Briefly describe what is happening when a person "cracks their knuckles".

Question 7

Whenflexing your torso laterally,the movement occurs along what body plane?

A)Frontal
B)Transverse
C)Sagittal
D)Oblique

Question 8

The epiphyseal plate in a growing long bone is an example of a

A)gomphosis
B)suture
C)symphysis
D)synostosis
E)synchondrosis

Question 9

Gliding occurs between

A)flat bones or slightly curved bones.
B)a rounded bone and a ring.
C)an oval shaped projection and an oval shaped depression.
D)a ball like surface and a cuplike depression.
E)a convex surface and a concave surface.

Question 10

Which type(s)of joint(s)lack(s)a synovial cavity?
1)Fibrous joints
2)Cartilaginous joints
3)Synovial joints

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1 and 2
E)1,2,and 3

Question 11

What unique characteristics would a person who is "double-jointed" possess?

Question 12

Moving the humerus laterally at the shoulder joint is an example of which type of movement?

A)Lateral flexion
B)Hyperextension
C)Adduction
D)Abduction
E)Gliding

Question 13

When a body builder flexes their biceps brachii,what motion is occurring?

A)an increased angle between articulating bones
B)a decreased angle between articulating bones
C)movement away from midline
D)movement in a circle
E)a superior movement

Question 14

Briefly describe the functions of synovial fluid.

Question 15

Which type(s)of joint(s)lack(s)a joint cavity and is(are)held together by a fibrous connective tissue?
1)Fibrous joints
2)Cartilaginous joints
3)Synovial joints

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1 and 2
E)1,2,and 3

Question 16

Which functional class(es)of joint(s)allow(s)movement?
1)Synarthrosis
2)Amphiarthrosis
3)Diarthrosis

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)Both 2 and 3
E)1,2,and 3

Question 17

The joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum can be described by which term(s)? Select all that apply.

A)a synchondrosis
B)a synarthrosis
C)a cartilaginous joint
D)a synovial joint
E)a diarthrosis

Question 18

Articular discs
1)maintain the stability of a joint.
2)direct flow of the synovial fluid to areas of greatest friction.
3)are made of hyaline cartilage.
4)are only found in the vertebral column.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)4 only
E)1 and 2

Question 19

Which statement describes the function of a meniscus?

A)They are located within the knee.
B)It is composed of fibrocartilage.
C)It helps absorb shock and distributes weight.
D)It reduces friction between adjacent parts of a joint.
E)It supplies nutrients and removes wastes.

Question 20

Which of the following structures is used to reduce friction in joints?
1)Bursae
2)Synovial fluid
3)Accessory ligaments
4)Labrum

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)4 only
E)1 and 2

Question 21

The joints between the first pair of ribs and the sternum are structurally classified as [dropdown 1].The sternocostal joints for the second through seventh pair of ribs are functionally classified as [dropdown 2].
Dropdown 1 choices:
cartilaginous
fibrous
synovial
Dropdown 2 choices:
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
synarthrosis

Question 22

When you cross your right arm across your body to shake an individual's left hand,what motion does the joint between your scapula and clavicle perform?

A)Protraction
B)Retraction
C)Inversion
D)Eversion
E)Supination

Question 23

Lateral displacement of the jaw is prevented by [dropdown 1] ligament,and occurs in the [dropdown 2] compartment of the synovial cavity,during movement shown in [dropdown 3] panel.


Dropdown 1 Choices:
lateral
sphenomandibular
stylomandibular
Dropdown 2 Choices:
inferior
superior
Dropdown 3 Choices:
A
C
E
F

Question 24

List and briefly describe the three common types of arthritis.

Question 25

Arrange the ligaments in order from superior to inferior location in an anterior view of the shoulder joint.
1)coracoacromial ligament
2)coracohumeral ligament
3)glenohumeral ligament
4)acromioclavicular ligament

A)1,2,3,4
B)2,4,3,1
C)3,2,4,1
D)1,3,4,2
E)4,1,2,3

Question 26

What is the functional and structural classification of the joint in the picture?

A)synarthrosis and Suture
B)synarthrosis and Synostosis
C)smphiarthrosis and Symphysis
D)smphiarthrosis and Syndesmosis
E)synarthrosis and Gomophosis

Question 27

The radial head articulating with the radial notch of the ulna represents what type of synovial joint?

A)Pivot joint
B)Planar joint
C)Hinge joint
D)Ball-and-socket joint
E)Saddle joint

Question 28

Craniosacral therapy occurs when an individual manipulates the joints in the skull.What are the functional and structural classifications of the joints in the adult skull? Based on your knowledge of the joints in the adult skull,explain why it is not plausible that this manipulation would move the skull bones to influence the flow of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.

Question 29

Studies have shown that ACL tears occur most frequently during the ovulatory phase in menstruating women.This example illustrates which factor affecting range of motion of a synovial joint?

A)structure of articulating bones
B)arrangement of the muscles
C)hormones
D)disuse
E)contact of soft parts

Question 30

Rotation of the forearm occurs at [dropdown 1] and includes these [dropdown 2] special movements.
Dropdown 1 choices:
acromioclavicular
carpometacarpal
glenohumeral
radioulnar
radiocarpal
Dropdown 2 choices:
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Elevation and depression
Eversion and inversion
Pronation and supination
Protraction and retraction

Question 31

Forming a fist,requires the fingers to perform what motion?

A)Opposition
B)Extension
C)Dorsiflexion
D)Flexion
E)Rotation

Question 32

Describe the general effects that aging has on joints.

Question 33

The function of the ligament the line is pointing to is

a)strengthens superior part of the articular capsule
b)joint stabilization when present
c)secures the long head of the biceps brachii
d)helps enlarge the glenoid cavity

Question 34

Gout signs are usually seen in [dropdown 1];rheumatoid arthritis is often seen in the [dropdown 2];while osteoarthritis is most common in [dropdown 3].
Dropdown choices:big toe
hand
knee
neck

Question 35

Nodding your head yes to answer a question occurs at the [dropdown 1] joint.Shaking your head no to answer a question occurs at the [dropdown 2].Both movements are occurring at a functionally classified [dropdown 3] joint.
Dropdown 1 & 2 choices:
atlanto-occipital
atlanto-axial
vertebrocostalsutural
sternocostal
Dropdown 3 choices:
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
synarthrosis

Question 36

The olecranon bursae are associated with the - [dropdown 1] joint.Bursae function to [dropdown 2].
Dropdown 1 choices:
Coxal
Elbow
Glenohumeral
Talocrural
Tibiofemoral
Dropdown 2 choices:
Absorb shock and help bones fit together better
Distribute weight over a great contact surface
Reduce friction between muscles and bones
Wrap around tendons to reduce friction

Question 37

Bending over and touching your toes describes what functional movement in reference to your intervertebral discs?

A)synarthrosis
B)amphiarthrosis
C)diarthrosis

Question 38

When you snap your thumb against your middle and forefinger,what motion is being performed?

A)Pronation
B)Supination
C)Eversion
D)Retraction
E)Opposition

Question 39

Inflammation of the synovial membrane is a common [dropdown 1] in [dropdown 2].Due to the chronic pain,it could lead to [dropdown 3].
Dropdown 1 choices:
Sign
Symptom
Dropdown 2 choices:
Gouty arthritis
Lyme disease
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Dropdown 3 choices:
decreased range of motion
increased deposition of urate crystals
increased range of motion
loosening of the tendons
muscle hypertrophy

Question 40

To peer over a fence,the calf muscles help you stand on your toes.What movement is being performed?

A)eversion
B)flexion
C)plantar flexion
D)dorsiflexion
E)inversion

Question 41

The most commonly dislocated synovial joint in adults is the [dropdown 1],while the most vulnerable synovial joint to damage is [dropdown 2].
Dropdown choices:
acromioclavicular
coxal
elbow
glenohumeral
patellofemoral
tibiofemoral