Deck 11: The Muscular System

Question 1

Discuss the roles of agonists,antagonists,synergists,and fixators in movement.

Answer 1

The agonist (prime mover)contracts to cause a particular movement.The antagonist causes the opposite action,and so,must relax while the agonist contracts.Synergists prevent unwanted movements during an action or aid the agonist during the movement,while fixators stabilize the origin of the agonist.Both allow the agonist to work more efficiently.

Question 2

Most muscles cross at least one

A)tendon
B)joint
C)bone
D)ligament
E)body plane

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The rhomboid major is named for what characteristics? Select all that apply.

A)Size
B)Shape
C)Number of origins
D)Sites of origins
E)Location

Answer 3

Size
Shape

Question 4

Chuck has a rotator cuff injury.Which muscles and associated structures are most commonly involved in this type of injury? What sorts of activities commonly cause this injury?

Question 5

The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the

A)antagonist.
B)agonist.
C)synergist.
D)asynergist.
E)fixator.

Question 6

Motion will occur at a lever system when

A)resistance at the insertion exceeds the load.
B)the force of the contraction is not more than the load.
C)effort at the origin exceeds the load.
D)effort at the insertion exceeds the load.

Question 7

Briefly describe four main benefits of stretching before exercising.

Question 8

Which of these muscles has fascicles parallel to the midline?

A)external obliques
B)transverse abdominis
C)rectus femoris
D)biceps femoris
E)orbicularis oculi

Question 9

Name the three groups of muscles constituting the intrinsic muscles of the hand.Briefly describe the structure and function of each of these groups.

Question 10

During knee flexion,what is the effort?

A)knee joint
B)contraction of hamstring muscle group
C)weight of lower leg and foot
D)femur
E)tibia

Question 11

Name and describe the locations and actions of the muscles typically used in breathing.

Question 12

This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of the agonist so that it can act more efficiently.

A)synergist
B)agonist
C)antagonist
D)fixator
E)secondary mover

Question 13

Which fascicle arrangement,under voluntary or involuntary regulation of contraction,can control the opening or closing an orifice (opening)?

A)pennate
B)triangular
C)circular
D)parallel
E)fusiform

Question 14

What anatomical structures of the musculoskeletal system correspond to the components of a lever system? Describe the arrangement of these parts in first,second,and third class lever systems.

Question 15

With reference to the effort and load,describe the main difference between a lever operating with a mechanical advantage versus a lever operating at a mechanical disadvantage.

Question 16

The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is called the _____;the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the _____.

A)origin,action
B)insertion,action
C)origin,insertion
D)insertion,origin

Question 17

When the knee is being flexed,what is the fulcrum?

A)femur
B)weight of lower leg and foot
C)knee joint
D)tibia
E)contraction of quadriceps femoris

Question 18

Your friend nods "yes" to you,going through flexion,extension and hyperextension.This movement at the fulcrum represents a

A)first- class lever system
B)second- class lever system
C)third-class lever system
D)third-class lever system

Question 19

Briefly describe the three categories of levers based on the position of their fulcrum.Give an example of each type of lever and state whether the lever works at a mechanical advantage,disadvantage or both.

Question 20

Which of these muscles flexes the thigh at the hip joint alone,but extends the knee working in a group?

A)biceps femoris
B)rectus femoris
C)semitendinosus
D)semimembranosus
E)vastus lateralis

Question 21

Where is the abductor digiti minimi?

A)B
B)C
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 22

Where is the gracilis?

A)H
B)I
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 23

Which muscle in this figure elevates and adducts the scapula?

A)A
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 24

Which muscle in this figure allows radial deviation at the wrist joint?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 25

Which muscle originates at the anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral body?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 26

Which muscles in this figure are NOT innervated by the facial nerve? Select all that apply.

A)O
B)C
C)B
D)A
E)All are innervated by the facial nerve

Question 27

The tendon of which muscle in this figure is the most commonly damaged in rotator cuff injuries?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)B

Question 28

Where is the iliacus?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)H
E)I

Question 29

Acting unilaterally,which muscle in this figure can rotate the vertebral column?

A)D
B)G
C)H
D)I
E)E

Question 30

Where is the depressor anguli oris?

A)K
B)L
C)M
D)N
E)J

Question 31

Which muscle in this figure is innervated by a cranial nerve and can flex the cervical portion of the vertebral column?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)K
E)M

Question 32

Which muscle in this figure elevates the upper eye lid?

A)B
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 33

Where is the sartorius?

A)I
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 34

Which of these muscles has an insertion on the occipital bone and temporal bone?

A)A
B)B
C)F
D)G
E)D

Question 35

Which muscle in this figure produces the effort when you plantar flex to see over a taller person in front of your view??

A)C
B)D
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 36

Which muscle in this figure can abduct,medially and laterally rotate,and extend the arm at the glenohumeral joint?

A)C
B)D
C)F
D)G
E)I

Question 37

Where is the orbicularis oculi?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 38

Which muscle in this figure is innervated by the trigeminal nerve?

A)A
B)B
C)G
D)I
E)E

Question 39

Where is the adductor longus?

A)H
B)I
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 40

Which letter identifies the splenius capitis in this figure?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)H
E)I

Question 41

If one is stabbed on the lateral side of the abdomen,what abdominal muscles,in order from superficial to deep,will the knife go through?

A)rectus abdominis,external oblique,internal oblique
B)external oblique,internal oblique,transversus abdominis
C)transversus abdominis,rectus abdominis,external oblique
D)external oblique,transversus abdominis,rectus abdominis
E)internal oblique,transversus abdominis,external oblique

Question 42

Protrusion of an organ through a structure that normally contains it is referred to as a

A)hernia.
B)goiter.
C)strain.
D)sprain.
E)hydrocele.

Question 43

What is the action of the muscle labeled I?

A)extends the forearm at the elbow joint
B)flexes the forearm at the elbow joint
C)pronates the forearm at the radioulnar joints
D)abduct arm at shoulder joint
E)rotates arm at shoulder joint

Question 44

Forcefully blowing through a trumpet would require contraction of which muscle?

A)buccinator
B)zygomaticus major
C)levator labii superioris
D)risorius
E)occipitofrontalis

Question 45

Tim ate something that is not agreeing with his digestive tract.He needs to go to the bathroom to defecate,but there is a line.What muscle helps keep the anal canal and anus closed?

A)bulbospongious.
B)ischiocavernosus
C)obturator internus
D)external anal sphincter
E)sphincter urethrovaginalis

Question 46

What is the action of the muscle labeled G?

A)adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint
B)abducting arm at shoulder joint
C)laterally rotates arm at shoulder joint
D)laterally rotates and extends arm at shoulder joint
E)extends forearm at elbow joint

Question 47

Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis muscles are the origin of the muscle labeled

A)R
B)D
C)C
D)E
E)G

Question 48

During inhalation,_____muscles contract to elevate the ribs.During forced exhalation,______muscles contract to depress the ribs.

A)external intercostals;internal intercostals
B)transverse abdominis;diaphragm
C)diaphragm ;transverse abdominis
D)internal intercostals;external intercostals
E)rectus abdominis;external obliques

Question 49

What terms can be used to describe forearm muscle movements at the wrist but NOT on the fingers at the interphalangeal joints?

A)flexion,extension,abduction,and adduction
B)extension and flexion
C)abduction and adduction
D)flexion and adduction
E)pronation and supination

Question 50

What is the insertion of the muscle labeled G?

A)greater tubercle of humerus
B)inferior angle of scapula
C)spine of the scapula
D)acromial extremity of the clavicle
E)deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 51

What is the insertion of the muscle labeled Q?

A)iliac crest and linea alba
B)cartilage of the fifth to seventh rib and xiphoid process
C)ribs 5-12
D)central tendon
E)costal cartilages and adjacent portion of the inferior 6 ribs

Question 52

What is the insertion of the muscle labeled D?

A)lateral and medial condyles of femur and capsule of knee
B)head of fibula
C)calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon
D)anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
E)distal phalanx of great toe

Question 53

What is the antagonist of the muscle labeled B?

A)corrugator supericilii
B)temporalis
C)levator palpebrae superioris
D)occipitofrontalis
E)levator labii superioris

Question 54

Which motions can be made by the upper limbs but NOT by the lower limbs?

A)pronation and supination
B)flexion and extension
C)adduction and abduction
D)lateral and medial rotation

Question 55

Which of the following is a muscle whose insertion is found on the clavicle and acromion process of the scapula within the pectoral girdle?

A)trapezius
B)pectoralis major
C)latissimus dorsi
D)gracilus
E)sartorius

Question 56

Which three muscles make up the hamstring?

A)L,M,N
B)E,F,G
C)H,I,J
D)I,J,K
E)A,B,C

Question 57

Which muscles help move the jaw during mastication?

A)masseter,temporalis,pterygoid (medial and lateral)
B)genioglossus,styloglossus,hyoglossus,palatoglossus
C)omohyoid,sternohyoid,thyrohyoid
D)sternocleidomastoid,longissimus capitis,splenius capitis
E)orbicularis oris,levator labii superioris,depressor labii inferioris

Question 58

Where is the semitendinosus?

A)J
B)K
C)L
D)M
E)N

Question 59

A 1 year old child presents with crossed eyes.While she seems fine and is able to recognize people,the patient is diagnosed with

A)nystagmus.
B)strabismus.
C)presbyopia.
D)myopia.
E)hypermetropia.

Question 60

jWhich of these groups includes only muscles that move the humerus but do NOT originate on the axial skeleton?

A)serratus anterior,latissimus dorsi,trapezius
B)supraspinatus,teres major,teres minor,infraspinatus
C)deltoid,brachioradialis,latissimus dorsi,pectoralis major
D)trapezius,pectoralis minor,pectoralis major,triceps brachii
E)triceps brachii,biceps brachii,brachioradialis

Question 61

Due to the muscle attachments,a fracture to the ischial tuberosity would affect what lower limb movement?

A)adduction of the thigh
B)dorsiflexion of the foot
C)extension of the leg
D)flexion of the leg
E)abduction of the thigh

Question 62

When biting into an apple,the temporomandibular joint is the [dropdown 1] and acts like [dropdown 2] because the food is in the front of the mouth.When chewing the apple,the mandible acts like a [dropdown 3] because the food is in the middle of the lever arm.
Dropdown 1 choices:
fulcrum
lever
load
Dropdown 2 and 3 choices:
first-class lever
second-class lever
third-class lever

Question 63

)Your friend nods back and forth to you,making the yes motion.What lever system is being represented by this 'yes' motion?

A)First-class lever
B)Second-class lever
C)Third-class lever

Question 64

The transvers abdominis [dropdown 1] compress the abdomen,and [dropdown 2] flex the vertebral column like other anterior abdominal muscles.
Dropdown choices:
can
cannot

Question 65

Based on its name,which of the following best describes characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle?

A)has two insertions and found in lower leg
B)has two bellies and found in the upper leg
C)has two origins and found in the upper leg
D)has two origins and found in the upper arm
E)has two insertions and found in the upper leg

Question 66

"How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood" is difficult to say.What muscles work together to allow this to be spoken?

A)masseter,buccinators,temporalis,platysma
B)palatoglossus,styloglossus,genioglossus,hyoglossus
C)risorius,zygomaticus minor,zygomaticus major
D)mentalis,orbicularis oris,levator labii superioris
E)sternohyoid,omohyoid,sternothyroid

Question 67

The ______ are the synergist muscles to the diaphragm during inspiration.

A)external intercostals
B)external obliques
C)rectus abdominis
D)internal intercostals
E)internal obliques

Question 68

This muscle,which is found in the neck,functions to elevate the hyoid bone and help press the tongue against the roof of the mouth during swallowing.

A)mylohyoid
B)sternothryroid
C)sternocleidomastoid
D)digastric
E)masseter

Question 69

Your friend nods back and forth to you,making the "yes" motion.What muscle actions on the head at the neck are involved in this 'yes' motion?

A)rotation and circumduction
B)lateral and medial rotation
C)extension and flexion
D)protraction and retraction
E)elevation and depression

Question 70

A woman complains of problems going up steps.Tests reveal hip extension weakness but no issues with hip flexion or knee flexion or extension.What muscle is most likely damaged?

A)Adductor magnus
B)Gluteus maximus
C)Gluteus medius
D)Semitendinosus
E)Sartorius