Deck 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Question 1

Spinal nerves
1)Are part of the PNS.
2)connect the CNS to sensory receptors and effectors in all parts of the body.
3)are named according to the region of the vertebral column from which they emerge.
4)are mixed nerves.
5)only transmit sensory information.
6)only transmit motor information.

A)1,2,3
B)1,2,3,4
C)1,3,6
D)1 and 3
E)1,2,3,4

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the 400 meter relay,runners handoff the baton to the person in front of them.The second runner in the relay team had to be replaced .They were unable to pronate their forearm to reach behind for the baton because of injury to their brachial plexus.What is the most likely site of their injury?

A)Dorsal scapular nerve
B)Intercostal nerve
C)Phrenic nerve
D)Median nerve
E)Radial nerve

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would involve the posterior root ganglion?

A)Integrating center
B)Sensory neuron
C)Motor neuron
D)Effector
E)Interneuron

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc can be monosynaptic or polysynaptic?

A)Sensory receptor
B)Sensory neuron
C)Motor neuron
D)Effector
E)Integrating center

Question 5

A typical spinal nerve has how many connections to the spinal cord?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 6

Which region of the spinal cord allows a dancer to be aware of their movements and body position?

A)Posterior white column
B)Anterior gray horn
C)Anterior white column
D)Lateral white column
E)Gray commissure

Question 7

Which type of descending motor pathway conveys nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and allows you to use your fingers for sewing and sign language?

A)vestibulospinal tract
B)corticospinal tract
C)reticulospinal tract
D)spinothalamic tract
E)gracile fasciculus

Question 8

A nerve impulse initiated at a muscle spindle has to travel through which of the following structures to enter the integrating center?

A)Anterior root of spinal nerve
B)Posterior root of spinal nerve
C)Tectospinal tract
D)Gray commissure
E)Lateral reticulospinal tract

Question 9

Which layer of protective connective tissue covers a nerve and fuses with the outer menix layer?

A)dura mater
B)pia mater
C)endoneurium
D)perineurium
E)epineurium

Question 10

Which type of descending motor pathway excites antigravity muscles in order to exert control over postural changes necessary to compensate for tilts and movements of the body.?

A)vestibulospinal tract
B)corticospinal tract
C)corticobulbar tract
D)spinothalamic tract
E)gracile fasciculus

Question 11

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would be represented by the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle or the radial iris muscles?

A)Sensory receptor
B)Sensory neuron
C)Motor neuron
D)Effector
E)Integrating center

Question 12

Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of [dropdown 1] that extend and fuse with the [dropdown 2] and inner surface of the [dropdown 3]
Dropdown choices:
arachnoid mater
dura mater
pia mater

Question 13

The nerves that supply the thigh and calf of leg emerge from the

A)lumbar enlargement
B)filum terminale
C)cauda equina
D)conus medullaris
E)cervical enlargement

Question 14

Excitation of the quadriceps femoris group and inhibition of the hamstring group is termed _______ innervation.

A)antagonist-effector
B)ipsilateral
C)crossed-extensor
D)reciprocal
E)Intersegmental

Question 15

Which spinal meninges is composed of collagen fibers arranged in an irregular pattern that is very strong?

A)Arachnoid mater
B)Dura mater
Epineurium
D)Pia mater

Question 16

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc monitors the rectus femoris muscle stretching?

A)Sensory receptor
B)Integrating center
C)Motor neuron
D)Effector
E)Interneuron

Question 17

Sensory information travels to the brain via

A)Ascending tracts
B)Descending tracts
C)Integration tracts
D)Anterior roots
E)Direct motor pathways

Question 18

Which structure listed contains cerebrospinal fluid?

A)epidural space
B)subarachnoid space
C)subdural space
D)foramen magnum
E)posterior median sulcus

Question 19

If these structures were severed,the nerve impulses from pain and stretch receptors would not reach the CNS.

A)white columns
B)gray horns
C)anterior root of spinal nerves
D)posterior root of spinal nerves
E)rami communicantes

Question 20

What parts of a neuron within a nerve is/are wrapped in a protective endoneurium?
1)Myelinated axon
2)Unmyelinated axon
3)Dendrites

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)Both 1 and 2
E)1,2 and 3

Question 21

A child was in a diving accident.When brought into the emergency room,the doctor used sharp and blunt objects to determine if there was any sensation on the bottom of the foot and the lateral aspect of their palm.The child stated they could not feel the stimulus in either area.What nerves were most likely damaged?

A)L3 and C8.
B)L5 and C6
C)S2 and T1
D)C7 and L4
E)S1 and C6

Question 22

In this diagram which portion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies that regulate cardiac muscle,smooth muscle and glands?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)F
E)H

Question 23

In this diagram where would the medial reticulospinal tract be located?

A)B
B)C
C)H
D)I
E)F

Question 24

Which of the labeled structures allows doctors to safely introduce antibiotics or anesthetics and measure CSF pressure ?

A)A
B)E
C)D
D)A
E)H

Question 25

If you had a rash on the anterior surface of your trunk,what labeled structure would serve the muscles and skin of that area?

A)B
B)C
C)G
D)H
E)F

Question 26

In this diagram,where is the space that contains a buoyant liquid to form a hydraulic cushion that absorbs shock?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 27

In this diagram,which layer is the thickest protective covering?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 28

In this diagram,where would the axons of unipolar neurons be located?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E

Question 29

Describe the gross external anatomy of the spinal cord.

Question 30

Which of the labeled structures is composed of squamous to cuboidal cells and is very vascular?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 31

In this diagram which area is continuous with the 4^th ventricle of the brain?

A)A
B)B
C)G
D)J
E)I

Question 32

In this diagram,where is the structure that adheres to the spinal cord and brain?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 33

Which of the labeled structures would receive injections to cause loss of sensation to control pain in childbirth?

A)B
B)C
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 34

Which branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk?

A)Meningeal branch
B)Rami communicantes
C)Intercostal nerve
D)Posterior ramus
E)Anterior ramus

Question 35

In this diagram which portion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as incoming axons of sensory neurons?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)H
E)I

Question 36

Describe the cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord.

Question 37

In this diagram,where is the avascular structure located between the subdural and subarachnoid space?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 38

In this diagram where would somatic motor nuclei be located?

A)B
B)C
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 39

On what labeled structure would a ganglion be found?

A)B
B)C
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 40

In this diagram,where is the space that contains interstitial fluid?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 41

The spinal cord ends

A)between L1 and L2
B)at T12
C)at S5
D)at L5
E)between T9 and T10

Question 42

In this diagram which structure is the conus medullaris?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 43

The largest nerve in the lumbar plexus is the [___].
common fibular
femoral nerve
obturator nerve
sciatic nerve
tibial nerve

Question 44

An individual with shingles presents with pain and lesions in the mouth,ears,and pharynx.Which dermatomal region would be sending the afferent signals?

A)C2
B)C3
C)C1
D)trigeminal
E)facial

Question 45

Name and describe the locations of the four major plexuses of spinal nerves.

Question 46

Which of the nerves in this diagram only have anterior and posterior rami branches and do not form plexuses?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 47

In the diagram which structure contains nerve roots that arise from the lumbar,sacral,and coccygeal region of the spinal cord?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 48

Which plexus arises from the structure labeled B in the diagram?

A)cervical plexus
B)brachial plexus
C)thoracic nerves
D)lumbar plexus
E)sacral plexus

Question 49

Describe the basic anatomy of a spinal nerve plexus.

Question 50

A gymnast has damaged their hip flexor muscles.The nerve that innervates these muscles arise from which group of spinal nerves in this diagram?

A)A
B)C
C)F
D)H
E)I

Question 51

Discuss the clinical significance of dermatomes.

Question 52

Which of the nerves in this diagram would be involved with 'flexing' the chest wall to bring the ribs together?

A)A
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 53

The area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerves is called

A)a dermatome.
B)a microtome.
C)perineurium.
D)a fascicle.
E)an epitome.

Question 54

Identify and describe the function of each of the components of a spinal reflex arc.

Question 55

Christopher Reeve,a famous actor and competitive equestrian,suffered fractures to the top two vertebra and could not breathe without the help of a respirator.Which of the nerves in this diagram were likely damaged?

A)A
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 56

Which of the following structures travels from the area labeled D in the diagram?

A)obturator nerve
B)phrenic nerve
C)long thoracic nerve
D)thoracodorsal nerve
E)lesser occipital nerve

Question 57

Which nerve innervates the muscle that abducts the arm at the shoulder and the skin overlying the deltoid?

A)phrenic nerve
B)axillary nerve
C)intercostal nerve
D)ulnar nerve
E)common fibular nerve

Question 58

An individual suffers a stroke and looses control over their left arm.The individual is affected with__________paralysis.

A)diplegia
B)monoplegia
C)paraplegia
D)hemiplegia
E)quadriplegia

Question 59

Which of the nerves in this diagram innervates muscles that extend the toes and if damaged results in foot drop (plantar flexion)?

A)A
B)C
C)F
D)E
E)G

Question 60

In this diagram,respiratory distress can occur if damage occurs to which group of spinal nerves?

A)A
B)C
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 61

Which of the following lists the connective tissue coverings of the axons,fascicles,and entire nerve in the correct order?

A)endoneurium,perineurium,epineurium
B)endoneurium,epineurium,perineurium
C)perineurium,epineurium,endoneurium
D)epineurium,endoneurium,perineurium

Question 62

A patient is being examined for muscle weakness.To assess their condition,the doctor tests their knee-jerk reflex by tapping the patella tendon with a reflex hammer and tapping his lower jaw with your finger.Both pathways are considered monosynaptic.What do they have in common?

A)They are both autonomic,cranial reflexes
B)They both a two neuron pathway,sensory to motor
C)They are both somatic,autonomic reflexes
D)The sensory neurons exit the same segment of the spinal cord.

Question 63

Which of the following spinal nerves does not travel through an intervertebral foramen to reach its destination?

A)cervical spinal nerve 1
B)thoracic spinal nerve 12
C)lumbar spinal nerve 2
D)sacral spinal nerve 1
E)cervical spinal nerve 7

Question 64

A severed obturator nerve will lead into paralysis of which region of the body?

A)Cervical
B)Thoracic
C)Lumbar
D)Thigh
E)Arms

Question 65

The crossed-extensor reflex integrating center is [dropdown 1] since several sensory neurons synapse with interneurons that synapse with motor neurons.The interneurons excite motor neurons in several segments which is known as a [dropdown 2] reflex.This is a [dropdown 3] since the motor information exits the opposite side of the body from the sensory input.At the neuromuscular junction,[dropdown 4] is released to [dropdown 5] the muscle that will extend.
Dropdown 1 choices:
polysynaptic
monosynaptic
Dropdown 2 choices:
reciprocal innervation
intersegmental reflex arc
Dropdown 3 choices:
contralateral reflex arc
ipsilateral reflex arc
Dropdown 4 choices:
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
Dropdown 5 choices:
inhibit
excite

Question 66

In reciprocal innervation of the tendon reflex stimulation of afferent fibers causes

A)inhibition of effector muscles
B)inhibition of antagonist muscles
C)excitation of effector muscles
D)excitation of antagonist muscles
E)excitation of muscles on the contralateral side

Question 67

A pupillary reflex is integrated in the brain stem so it is classified as a ________reflex.The smooth muscle of the iris is the effector,so this is classified as a(n)___________.

A)Spinal;somatic
B)Spinal;autonomic
C)Cranial;somatic
D)Cranial;autonomic
E)Spinal;visceral

Question 68

In an episiotomy,a surgical cut at the opening of the vagina,during childbirth,anesthetization to the [___] nerve may occur.
Answer options
femoral
obturator
perforating cutaneous
pudendal
sciatic

Question 69

The cell bodies of the neurons that carry information from the periphery to the spinal cord are structurally classified as [dropdown 1] and functionally classified as [dropdown 2] and their cell bodies are located in [dropdown 3].
Dropdown 1 & 2 choices:
Sensory
Motor
Integrative
Dropdown 3choices:
anterior gray horn
anterior root
dorsal root ganglion lateral gray horn
posterior gray horn

Question 70

Place the reflex arc components in order from detecting a stimulus to response.
1)motor neuron
2)effector
3)sensory neuron
4)integration center
5)sensory receptor

A)5,1,2,4,3
B)3,5,1,2,4
C)3,5,4,1,2
D)5,3,4,1,2
E)2,1,4,3,5

Question 71

When the quadriceps muscle extends the lower leg in the patella reflex,what is occurring in the motor neuron to produce an action potential?

A)Influx of sodium and efflux of potassium
B)Influx of sodium and efflux of calcium
C)Influx of potassium and efflux of sodium
D)Influx of both sodium and potassium
E)Efflux of both sodium and potassium

Question 72

Why is a spinal tap performed below L2 of the spinal cord?

A)The spinal cord is present ensuring there will be a subarachnoid space present.
B)The spinal meninges and spinal cord are not present,ensuring no damage to the nervous system.
C)The spinal meninges and spaces extend passed the proper spinal cord,allowing fluid to be withdrawn with a minimal risk of damage to the spinal cord.
D)There is more space between the vertebrae in a flexed position below L2.
E)The supracristal line is the only way to determine placement of the needle in spinal taps.

Question 73

In a stretch reflex,[dropdown 1] detect the muscle stretch.A somatic sensory neuron sends signals to [dropdown 2] in the anterior gray horn and to inhibitory [dropdown 3] in the integrating center.This stretch reflex primary motor path would be classified as [dropdown 4].This primary pathway [dropdown 5] the effector muscle and [dropdown 6] the antagonist muscle.
Dropdown 1 choices:
muscle spindles
tendon organs
nociceptors
Dropdown 2&3 choices:
interneuron
motor neuron
Dropdown 4 choices:
ipsilateral
contralateral
Dropdown 5 choices: and f
Inhibits
Excites

Question 74

A patient who has loss of pin prick sensation starting at the level of the nipple and downward on the right side would have a lesion in the spinal cord at which level?

A)C7-C8
B)T4-T5
C)T6-T7
D)T10-T12
E)S1-S2