Deck 16: Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

Question 1

Dancers being aware of their body position when they are in the air is

A)visual acuity.
B)thermoregulation.
C)kinesthesia.
D)proprioception.
E)adaptation.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

____ would detect irritation on the skin if you didn't wear gloves while cleaning with bleach.

A)Photoreceptors
B)Mechanoreceptors
C)Proprioceptors
D)Nociceptors
E)Thermoreceptors

Answer 2

D

Question 3

How many sensory modalities can a single sensory neuron have?

A)One
B)Dozens
C)Hundreds
D)Thousands
E)Two

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex

A)are considered the primary gustatory area.
B)receives primary somatic sensory information.
C)controls voluntary body movements.
D)receives visual information.
E)provides the ability to move the eyeballs.

Question 5

Which structure in the diagram is a multilayer membrane that adapts rapidly to high frequency vibrations?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 6

Place the events in order for the process of sensation?
1)Stimulation of sensory receptors
2)Generation of impulses
3)Integration of sensory input
4)Transduction of the stimulus

A)1,2,3,4
B)2,1,4,3
C)1,4,2,3
D)4,2,3,1
E)3,2,4,1

Question 7

After initially detecting the perfume on your partner,over time you would cease to notice it due to

A)selectivity.
B)adaptation.
C)perception.
D)modality.
E)transduction.

Question 8

[dropdown 1] carry afferent signals from the sensory receptor to the CNS.[dropdown 2] carry afferent signals from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.[dropdown 3] carry sensory information from the CNS to the thalamus.
Dropdown choices: First order neurons
Second order neurons
Third order neurons
Preganglionic neurons
Motor neurons
Postganglionic neurons
Efferent neurons

Question 9

The [dropdown 1] contains the cold thermoreceptors and the [dropdown 2] contains warm thermoreceptors.
Dropdown choices:
dermis
stratum basale
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum

Question 10

Which structure in the diagram is sensitive to low vibrational frequencies and typically located in areas that lack hair?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 11

After the sensory neurons of a somatosensory pathway enter the dorsal root,the [dropdown 1] extend from the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord and synapse with [dropdown 2] in the thalamus.
Dropdown choices:
first order neurons
second order neurons
third order neurons
preganglionic neurons
motor neurons
postganglionic neurons
efferent neurons

Question 12

If an individual decided to perform a back flip,which area organizes the necessary motor functions?

A)direct motor pathways
B)primary motor area
C)premotor area
D)primary somatosensory area
E)visual association area

Question 13

______ are sensory receptors located in blood vessels and visceral organs,whose signals are not usually consciously perceived.

A)Exteroreceptors
B)Interoceptors
C)Proprioceptors
D)Nociceptors
E)Thermoreceptors

Question 14

Which structure monitors the stretching of skin during a physical therapy session?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 15

______ convey impulses from lamellated corpuscles and synapse with another neuron in the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord.

A)First order neurons
B)Second order neurons
C)Third order neurons
D)Efferent neurons
E)Motor neurons

Question 16

The descending pathway

A)controls sensory functions.
B)consists of upper and lower motor neurons.
C)consists of neurons located completely within the spinal cord.
D)begins in the spinal cord and ends in the brain.
E)is only involved with involuntary muscle movements.

Question 17

Which of the neurons in the diagram would most likely pick up an itch sensation?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,C

Question 18

Which structure in the diagram detects a needle puncture or a cut to the skin?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 19

Which proprioceptors are found in the articular capsules of synovial joints?

A)Tendon organs
B)Gamma motor neurons
C)Muscle spindles
D)Kinesthetic receptors
E)Tactile receptors

Question 20

Which of the neurons in the diagram is modified in a manner that helps enhance the sensitivity of the receptor?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)A and C
E)A,B,and C

Question 21

The first-order neurons in the trigeminothalamic pathway synapse with second-order neurons in the ____.

A)pons and medulla oblongata
B)pons and midbrain
C)medulla oblongata and midbrain
D)thalamus and medulla oblongata
E)pons and thalamus

Question 22

In this diagram neuron [dropdown 1] is a third order neuron and conducts impulses from the [dropdown 2] to the [dropdown 3].

Dropdown 1 choices:
A
B
C
Dropdown 2 choices:
thalamus
peripheral somatic receptors
brain and spinal cord
Dropdown 3 choices:
primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex
brain or spinal cord
thalamus

Question 23

You are sitting on a sunny Florida beach experiencing the sensation of warmth.Describe the anatomical structures and physiological events that allow you to perceive the warmth of the sun.

Question 24

Which of the structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is the trigeminothalamic tract?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 25

A first-order neuron of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway from the arm joins other axons to form the posterior column in the spinal column.It would synapse with second-order neuron cell bodies located in the _____.

A)gracile fasciculus
B)cuneate fasciculus
C)dorsal gray horn
D)cuneate nucleus
E)gracile nucleus

Question 26

Describe the role of the reticular activating system in sleep,arousal,and consciousness.

Question 27

When distinguishing among the somatic pathways based on its name,one that begins with "spino-",will

A)start in the spinal cord and terminate in the brain,carrying motor information.
B)start in the brain and terminate in the spinal cord,carrying sensory information.
C)start in the brain and terminate in the spinal cord,carrying motor information.
D)start in the spinal cord and terminate in the brain,carrying sensory information.

Question 28

A viral infection has damaged a patient's tectospinal tract.What signs of this damage probably helped the physicians diagnose the problem?

Question 29

What do the colored regions on the body's surface in the diagram represent?

A)Dermatomes
B)Areas of referred pain
C)Regions of nociceptors
D)Areas supplied by the primary somatosensory area
E)Motor nuclei

Question 30

A disorder that affects the basal nuclei would have what affect?

A)loss of memory
B)total loss of muscle tone
C)shaking of hands
D)loss of sensation
E)loss of speech

Question 31

Corticospinal pathways that decussate in the [dropdown 1] form the [dropdown 2].Corticospinal pathways that do not decussate form the [dropdown 3]?
Dropdown 1 choices:
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Thalamus
Midbrain
Dropdown 2&3 choices:
Anterior corticospinal tract
Indirect motor pathway
Lateral corticospinal tract

Question 32

The sensory homunculus appears distorted in the face and hands because it is a representation of the amount of

A)motor neurons for those body areas
B)sensory neurons for those body areas
C)prefrontal cortex dedicated to those body areas
D)precentral gyrus dedicated to those body areas

Question 33

In the trigeminothalamic pathway,first-order neuron's cell bodies are located in the

A)posterior root ganglia
B)trigeminal ganglia
C)pons
D)posterior gray horn
E)ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

Question 34

Compare short-term memory versus long-term memory with regard to specific changes that are thought to occur in the brain.

Question 35

You are presented with this information for a clinical case study.These statements describe what stage of sleep?
1)Decreased heart rate.
2)Decreased blood pressure.
3)Skeletal muscle tone decreases.

A)Stage 1 NREM
B)Stage 2 NREM
C)Stage 3 NREM
D)Stage 4 NREM
E)REM

Question 36

Loss of dopamine production in the caudate nucleus is associated with

A)Parkinson's disease
B)Aphasia
C)Cerebral Palsy
D)Narcolepsy
E)Amnesia

Question 37

At the start of a concert,the pyrotechnics startle you.By the end of the concert,you cannot recall how many times there were fire displays.This lack of awareness is termed

A)habituation
B)associative learning
C)sensitization
D)reflexive learning
E)short term memory

Question 38

A soccer ball was hit your way.You see the area you want to kick it to at the same time you are preparing to plant your foot and kick the ball.What area allows you to compare intended movement with the actual movement?

A)cerebral cortex
B)medulla oblongata
C)midbrain
D)cerebellum
E)thalamus

Question 39

Synesthesia is a condition in which stimulation of one sensory modality results in perception of another.One man reportedly tastes shapes.Many synesthetic people hear colors.Based on what you know about sensation,propose a physiological mechanism that explains the phenomenon of synesthesia.

Question 40

A rapid breeze causes your hairs to shift on your arms and legs.Which sensory receptor is stimulated?

A)nociceptors
B)Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors
C)Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors
D)Lamellated corpuscle
E)Hair root plexus

Question 41

A patient has asthma and struggles to breathe at times.Referred pain associated with this patient would be located where on the diagram?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)G
E)H

Question 42

Which disorder is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep?

A)narcolepsy
B)insomnia
C)sleep apnea
D)coma
E)amnesia

Question 43

An individual with ovarian cysts,will have referred pain around their

A)lumbar marking
B)umbilical marking
C)areolar marking
D)axillary marking
E)inguinal marking

Question 44

Sensory neurons in the muscle spindle are activated during muscle [dropdown 1].Activation of gamma motor neurons in the muscle spindle cause [dropdown 2] of intrafusal muscle fibers.
Dropdown choices:
muscle contraction
muscle stretch

Question 45

The [dropdown 1] conveys impulses for pain,temperature,tickle and itch.The [dropdown 2] conveys impulses for conscious proprioception,pressure and vibration from the lower half of the body,while the [dropdown 3] conveys the same impulses from the upper half of the body.The [dropdown 4] conveys impulses for subconscious proprioception.
Dropdown choices:
cuneate fasciculus
gracile fasciculus
spinothalamic tract
spinoreticular tract
spinocerebellar tract
trigeminothalamic tract

Question 46

An individual with damage to their hippocampus may struggle with

A)explicit memory.
B)implicit memory.
C)long term memory.
D)memory consolidation.
E)short term memory.

Question 47

List the six types of sensory receptors classified based on the type of stimulus they detect and describe the types of stimuli that each type can detect.

Question 48

To determine if there is pain referral to a tooth versus pain arising in a tooth,a local anesthetic to the jaw can be given.If the pain persists despite the anesthetic this could be a sign of

A)stomach issues.
B)liver issues.
C)lung and diaphragm issues.
D)kidney issues.
E)heart issues.

Question 49

Pain associated with chronic cirrhosis of the liver is referred to which location on the diagram?

A)B
B)G
C)H
D)F
E)D

Question 50

Which of the following types of stimuli is sensed using encapsulated nerve endings?

A)pain
B)tickle
C)temperature
D)itch
E)vibration

Question 51

Classify the three types of sensory receptors categorized based on their location,identify the origin of stimuli that activate them,and describe the nature of the stimuli that cause their excitation.

Question 52

As you extend your arm,two tracts work together to maintain posture and muscle tone.Muscles in your proximal limb will be excited by the [dropdown 1 and inhibited by the [dropdown 2].
Dropdown choices:
corticobulbar tract
lateral reticulosppinal tract
medial reticulospinal tract
rubrospinal tract
tectospinal tract
vestibulospinal tract

Question 53

Choose the correct sequence of events for the control of body movement.
1)stimulation of upper motor neurons
2)descending tracts
3)beginning of voluntary movement
4)skeletal muscle contraction
5)stimulation of lower motor neurons
6)cerebral cortex's premotor areas

A)3,6,1,2,5,4
B)4,5,2,1,6,3
C)2,3,1,5,6,4
D)3,1,6,5,2,4
E)1,3,4,2,6,5

Question 54

Describe what phantom limb sensation is and explain why the patient experiences these sensations.

Question 55

Which condition is characterized by a lack of memory for events occurring after the trauma or disease that caused the condition?

A)narcolepsy
B)retrograde amnesia
C)sleep apnea
D)coma
E)anterograde amnesia

Question 56

Which disorder is characterized by a person's breathing repeatedly stopping for 10 or more seconds while sleeping?

A)narcolepsy
B)insomnia
C)sleep apnea
D)coma
E)amnesia

Question 57

Which condition is a state of unconsciousness in which a person's responses to stimuli are reduced or absent?

A)narcolepsy
B)insomnia
C)sleep apnea
D)coma
E)amnesia

Question 58

Which disorder is characterized by involuntary periods of sleep that occur throughout the day?

A)narcolepsy
B)insomnia
C)sleep apnea
D)coma
E)amnesia

Question 59

The cerebellum,premotor cortex and basal nuclei are involved in

A)explicit memory
B)implicit memory
C)long term memory
D)memory consolidation
E)short term memory

Question 60

When fluids are pulled into capillaries,what type of receptor will detect the resulting pressure?

A)photoreceptor
B)mechanoreceptor
C)thermoreceptor
D)chemoreceptor
E)osmoreceptor

Question 61

A loud noise startles you during an exam so you turn to look in the direction from which it originated.The ______receives input for visual stimuli and input for auditory stimuli via connections to the _____ before sending action potentials along the ______tract.

A)superior colliculus;inferior colliculus;tectospinal tract
B)inferior colliculus;superior colliculus;tectospinal tract
C)superior colliculus;inferior colliculus;rubrospinal tract
D)inferior colliculus;superior colliculus;rubrospinal tract

Question 62

You have a pillow in one hand and are about to pick up your Anatomy and Physiology textbook.What receptor will help determine the muscular effort needed for these two objects?

A)proprioceptors
B)nociceptors
C)mechanoreceptors
D)chemoreceptors
E)Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors

Question 63

The cell bodies for _____ are found in the anterior gray horns and cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem.The cell bodies for _____ are found in the cerebral cortex.

A)lower motor neurons;upper motor neurons.
B)upper motor neurons;lower motor neurons
C)upper motor neurons;middle motor neurons
D)middle motor neurons;upper motor neurons
E)lower motor neurons;middle motor neurons

Question 64

If spinal cord injury occurred to the spinothalamic tract,

A)Ipsilateral cutaneous sensations would be lost
B)Contralateral cutaneous sensations would be lost
C)Ipsilateral proprioception sensations would be lost
D)Contralateral proprioception sensations would be lost

Question 65

During the process of learning,the brain shows a characteristic called _____,which is the ability to change in response to intensive usage for a particular task like memorizing a page of physiology notes.

A)habituation
B)desensitization
C)plasticity
D)reflexes
E)palsy

Question 66

[dropdown 1] motor neurons innervate [dropdown 2] muscle fibers,which surround muscle spindles.
Dropdown 1 choices:
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Dropdown 2 choices:
intrafusal
extrafusal

Question 67

Which of the following stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM)sleep is considered the deepest level of sleep?

A)Stage one
B)Stage two
C)Stage three
D)Stage four

Question 68

The [dropdown 1] pathway is important for movements on opposite sides of the body for distal and proximal portions of the limbs.The [dropdown 2] pathway conveys nerve impulses for precise movements of the head and neck.The [dropdown 3] pathway conveys impulses from the red nucleus that help with precise movements of distal portions of upper limbs.The [dropdown 4] pathway relays information for ipsilateral movements pertaining to posture and balance relating to the head.The [dropdown 5] pathway relays impulses to ipsilateral muscles to maintain posture and muscle tone in relationship to walking.
Dropdown choices:
corticobulbar
corticospinal
reticulospinal
rubrospinal
tectospinal
vestibulospinal

Question 69

Infants spend approximately 50% of their sleeping time in

A)stage one NREM sleep.
B)stage two NREM sleep.
C)stage three NREM sleep.
D)stage four NREM sleep.
E)REM sleep.

Question 70

Why is pain related to myocardial ischemia,a disorder resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to the heart,often referred?

Question 71

The red nucleus sends signals along the ______tract,which activates _____movements of skeletal muscles in the distal parts of only the upper limbs.

A)Rubrospinal tract;precise
B)Tectospinal tract;precise
C)Corticospinal tract;precise
D)Rubrospinal tract;broad
E)Corticospinal tract;broad

Question 72

[dropdown 1] are activated by an increase in tendon tension.[dropdown 2] detect deep pressure and vibration.[dropdown 3] are activated by low frequency vibrations.
Dropdown choices:
Corpuscle of touch
Lamellated corpuscle
Merkel cell
Muscle spindle
Tendon organ

Question 73

[dropdown 1] motor neurons innervate [dropdown 2] muscle fibers,which are specialized muscle fibers within a muscle spindle necessary for fine motor control.
Dropdown 1 choices:
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Dropdown 2 choices:
extrafusal
intrafusal

Question 74

You are playing outside in -9° C (15° F).Why do you feel sharp pains in your hands when you grab material.

A)Cold receptors are found throughout the entire dermis.
B)Pain receptors are stimulated by extreme temperatures.
C)Cold receptors only work between 30-45° C.
D)Pain and cold receptors are the same free nerve ending.
E)Cold receptors halt sending signals after the initial stimulus.

Question 75

The integration centers for sensations that are consciously perceived (like vision,smell,taste,and pain)are found in the

A)cerebellum.
B)basal nuclei.
C)pontine nuclei.
D)cerebral cortex.
E)thalamus.

Question 76

All of the following result from some form of malfunction by the basal nuclei EXCEPT

A)Huntington's disease.
B)Parkinson's disease.
C)Tourette's syndrome.
D)Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E)Synesthesia.