Deck 1: An Introduction to the Human Body

Question 1

Which feedback system structure receives output from the control center?

A)receptor
B)stimulus
C)response
D)effector
E)efferent pathway

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Objective changes in a patient's normal body function that can be directly observed or measured by a clinician are referred to as

A)symptoms.
B)disorders.
C)disturbance.
D)diseases
E)signs.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The function of the secretions of a serous membrane,like the pleura,is to

A)separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
B)protect the central nervous system.
C)prevent infection.
D)reduce friction between neighboring organs.
E)carry nervous impulses.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

A)frontal
B)sagittal
C)transverse
D)oblique
E)midsagittal

Question 5

Which term refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body?

A)metabolism
B)anabolism
C)catabolism
D)auscultation
E)palpation

Question 6

Which cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity?

A)vertebral canal
B)cranial cavity
C)abdominal cavity
D)pericardial cavity
E)pelvic cavity

Question 7

List the basic processes of life.

Question 8

Describe the anatomical position.

Question 9

Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues and directly affects the proper functioning of cells?

A)lymph
B)blood plasma
C)interstitial fluid
D)intracellular fluid
E)vitreous body

Question 10

Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?

A)frontal
B)midsagittal
C)transverse
D)oblique
E)coronal

Question 11

Which term describes the study of the functions of body structures?

A)anatomy
B)physiology
C)endocrinology
D)histology
E)immunology

Question 12

The two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the

A)cardiovascular and integumentary systems.
B)nervous and endocrine systems.
C)cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
D)respiratory and muscular systems.
E)urinary and integumentary systems.

Question 13

The lungs are located in the

A)cranial cavity.
B)vertebral cavity.
C)abdominal cavity.
D)pericardial cavity.
E)pleural cavity.

Question 14

Describe the differences between positive and negative feedback systems.

Question 15

Which cavity contains the heart?

A)cranial cavity
B)vertebral cavity
C)abdominal cavity
D)pericardial cavity
E)pleural cavity

Question 16

Which term defines a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function?

A)tissue
B)organ
C)molecules
D)compounds
E)organism

Question 17

Which directional term means farther from the midline?

A)medial
B)anterior
C)proximal
D)deep
E)lateral

Question 18

Which feedback system structure provides input to the control center?

A)receptor
B)muscle
C)response
D)effector
E)efferent pathway

Question 19

A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into

A)anterior and posterior portions.
B)left and right portions.
C)superior and inferior portions.
D)portions separated at an angle to its longitudinal axis.
E)unequal left and right portions.

Question 20

A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be:

A)childbirth
B)body temperature
C)blood pressure
D)heart rate
E)blood sugar

Question 21

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the functional properties of nerve cells?

A)endocrinology
B)cardiovascular physiology
C)neurophysiology
D)immunology
E)pathophysiology

Question 22

The ribs are _____ to the sternum.

A)lateral
B)medial
C)proximal
D)distal
E)superior

Question 23

Which of the following noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection?

A)tapping and listening for an echo to detect fluid in the lungs
B)feeling the abdomen to detect tender organs
C)listening for crackling sounds during breathing
D)examining the surface of patient's skin for presence of a rash
E)feeling the gonads to detect abnormal masses

Question 24

Which plane is parasagittal?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 25

Describe a feedback system and list its general components.

Question 26

Name the cavities of the trunk and the serous membranes that line them.

Question 27

Where on the diagram is the cervical area?

A)C
B)E
C)J
D)K
E)B

Question 28

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the chemical regulators in the blood?

A)endocrinology
B)cardiovascular physiology
C)neurophysiology
D)immunology
E)pathophysiology

Question 29

Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct.The heart is _____ to the liver.

A)inferior
B)anterior
C)contralateral
D)superior
E)superficial

Question 30

The stomach is _____ to the urinary bladder.

A)lateral
B)medial
C)distal
D)inferior
E)superior

Question 31

Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct.The sternum is _____ to the heart.

A)posterior
B)anterior
C)inferior
D)superior
E)lateral

Question 32

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functional changes associated with disease and aging?

A)exercise physiology
B)renal physiology
C)pathophysiology
D)cardiovascular physiology
E)immunology

Question 33

Name the structural levels of the body and briefly describe each level.

Question 34

List and briefly describe the six basic life processes.

Question 35

Which directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure?

A)deep
B)contralateral
C)lateral
D)cephalic
E)distal

Question 36

Which serous membrane covers the viscera within the abdominal cavity,and lines the abdominal wall and the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

A)pericardium
B)pleura
C)mediastinum
D)dura mater
E)peritoneum

Question 37

List the eleven organ systems of the human body.

Question 38

Which plane is frontal?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 39

Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity?

A)stomach
B)spleen
C)liver
D)gallbladder
E)diaphragm

Question 40

Where on the diagram is the femoral area?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)J
E)K

Question 41

What is the name of the serous membrane in closest proximity to the lungs?

A)parietal pleura
B)visceral pleura
C)parietal pericardium
D)visceral pericardium
E)mediastinum

Question 42

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the great toe?

A)pollex
B)tarsal
C)hallux
D)pedal
E)carpal

Question 43

Which cavity contains the internal organs of reproduction?

A)(A)
B)(B)
C)(C)
D)(D)
E)(E)

Question 44

Discuss the importance of body fluids and which one is considered to be the body's internal environment.

Question 45

Which region is the hypogastric region?

A)(A)
B)(B)
C)(C)
D)(D)
E)(E)

Question 46

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the ear?

A)otic
B)orbital
C)ocular
D)oral
E)occipital

Question 47

Which contains the spinal cord?

A)(A)
B)(B)
C)(C)
D)(D)
E)(E)

Question 48

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the groin?

A)pelvic
B)umbilical
C)sternal
D)otic
E)inguinal

Question 49

Which cavity contains the small intestine?

A)(A)
B)(B)
C)(C)
D)(D)
E)(E)

Question 50

The section shown in (b)results from cutting through a _______ plane extending through the brain?

A)frontal
B)sagittal
C)oblique
D)midsagittal
E)transverse

Question 51

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow?

A)olecranal
B)antecubital
C)carpal
D)digital
E)antebrachial

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of the basic life process called growth?
1)muscle contraction
2)digestion of proteins
3)lifting weights and gaining muscle mass
4)mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)4 only
E)3 and 4

Question 53

Which subspecialty of anatomy deals with the study of structural changes associated with disease?

A)embryology
B)developmental biology
C)radiographic anatomy
D)pathological anatomy
E)immunology

Question 54

What is the name of the outer layer of the serous membrane that surrounds the heart?

A)diaphragm
B)visceral pleura
C)parietal pericardium
D)visceral pericardium
E)mediastinum

Question 55

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the thumb?

A)pollex
B)tarsal
C)hallux
D)volar
E)carpal

Question 56

The section shown in (c)results from cutting through a _____ plane extending through the brain?

A)frontal
B)sagittal
C)oblique
D)midsagittal
E)transverse

Question 57

Which radiographs were obtained using low-dose x-rays?

A)(A)and (B)
B)(B)and (C)
C)(C)and (D)
D)(A)and (C)
E)(B)and (E)

Question 58

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the body's defense against disease-causing agents?

A)exercise physiology
B)renal physiology
C)pathophysiology
D)cardiovascular physiology
E)immunology

Question 59

Which cavity contains the liver?

A)(A)
B)(B)
C)(C)
D)(D)
E)(E)

Question 60

Which region is the epigastric region?

A)(A)
B)(B)
C)(C)
D)(D)
E)(E)

Question 61

During a visit to your doctor,you complain about headache and nausea.These changes in your body functions are considered to be

A)signs.
B)symptoms.
C)pharmacology.
D)controlled condition.
E)epidemiology.

Question 62

Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of

A)growth.
B)movement.
C)responsiveness.
D)reproduction.
E)differentiation.

Question 63

Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position?

A)shoulder blade
B)palm of the hand
C)plantar surface of foot
D)popliteal region of the knee
E)gluteal region

Question 64

An embryonic stem cell undergoes _____ to become a neuron.

A)catabolism
B)growth
C)reproduction
D)anabolism
E)differentiation

Question 65

Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position?

A)shoulder blade
B)palm of the hand
C)plantar surface of foot
D)popliteal region of the knee
E)gluteal region

Question 66

Mammography and bone densitometry are good examples of which of the following types of medical imaging.

A)computed tomography
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)ultrasound scanning
D)radionuclide scanning
E)low-dose radiography

Question 67

Which of the following correctly list the levels of structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest?

A)chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organism
B)cellular - chemical - tissue - organ - organ system - organism
C)organism - organ system - organ - tissue - cellular - chemical
D)organ - organ system - organism - tissue - cellular - chemical
E)tissue - cellular - organ - organ system - organism - chemical

Question 68

Which of the following describes a body process that is controlled using a positive feedback loop?

A)increasing body temperature in response to a drop in body temperature
B)decreasing body temperature in response to elevated body temperature
C)decreasing blood [glucose] in response to elevated blood [glucose]
D)increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch
E)decreasing heart rate in response to elevated blood pressure

Question 69

Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high frequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy?

A)computed tomography
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)ultrasound scanning
D)radionuclide scanning
E)amniocentesis

Question 70

Mammography and bone densitometry are good examples of which of the following types of medical imaging?

A)computed tomography
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)ultrasound scanning
D)radionuclide scanning
E)low-dose radiography

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a negative feedback system?

A)regulates conditions in body that remain fairly stable over long periods
B)important in maintaining homeostasis
C)involves control centers in the nervous or endocrine systems
D)stimulates changes that reverse the direction of the stimulus
E)usually requires an event outside the feedback system to shut it off

Question 72

Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high frequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy?

A)computed tomography
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)ultrasound scanning
D)radionuclide scanning
E)amniocentesis

Question 73

Which of the following organs contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure?

A)skin
B)arteries
C)brain
D)heart
E)pituitary gland

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of tissues found in the human body?

A)epithelial tissue
B)connective tissue
C)muscular tissue
D)necrotic tissue
E)nervous tissue