Deck 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Question 1

Which white matter tracts of the spinal cord carry sensory information?

A)Ascending tracts
B)Descending tracts
C)Integration tracts
D)Columnar tracts
E)Epidural tracts

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the three spinal meninges is the most superficial?

A)Arachnoid mater
B)Dura mater
C)Meninx mater
D)Pia mater
E)Epi mater

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which layer of protective connective tissue is the outermost covering surrounding a spinal nerve?

A)dura mater
B)pia mater
C)endoneurium
D)perineurium
E)epineurium

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Intercostal nerves

A)are also known as cervical nerves.
B)do not enter into a plexus and directly connect to the structures they supply.
C)are found in the C6-T4 area of the vertebral column.
D)extend through the sacrum.
E)do not exist in humans.

Question 5

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc receives sensory information and decides how to respond to a change in the body's condition?

A)Sensory receptor
B)Sensory neuron
C)Motor neuron
D)Effector
E)Integration center

Question 6

A nerve impulse initiated at a muscle spindle has to travel through which of the following structures to get into the spinal column?

A)Anterior root of spinal nerve
B)Posterior root of spinal nerve
C)Tectospinal tract
D)Central canal
E)Lateral reticulospinal tract

Question 7

Which region of the spinal cord carries nerve impulses for proprioception?

A)Posterior white column
B)Anterior gray horn
C)Anterior white column
D)Lateral white column
E)Dermatome tract

Question 8

Spinal nerves
1)Are parts of PNS.
2)connect the CNS to sensors and effectors in all parts of the body.
3)are named according to the region of the cord from which they emerge.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)both 1 & 3
E)1,2 & 3

Question 9

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would have a cell body in the posterior root ganglion?

A)Sensory receptor cell
B)Sensory neuron
C)Motor neuron
D)Effector
E)Interneuron

Question 10

What type(s)of axons are wrapped in a protective endoneurium?
1)Myelinated
2)Unmyelinated
3)Only dendrites are surrounded by endoneurium

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)Both 1 and 2
E)None of these choices

Question 11

Which of the following parts of a nervous reflex arc is usually a muscle or gland?

A)Sensory receptor
B)Sensory neuron
C)Motor neuron
D)Effector
E)Integration center

Question 12

Which of the following structures contains only sensory axons that conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin,muscles and internal organs to the CNS?

A)Spinal nerves
B)Cauda equina
C)Anterior root of spinal nerves
D)Posterior root of spinal nerves
E)Conus medullaris

Question 13

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc monitors body conditions?

A)Sensory receptor
B)Integrating center
C)Motor neuron
D)Effector
E)Interneuron

Question 14

What spinal cord feature is the area where the nerves that supply the lower limb emerge?

A)Lumbar enlargement
B)Filum terminale
C)Cauda equina
D)Cranial nerve XII
E)Cervical enlargement

Question 15

Which of the structures listed below contains cerebrospinal fluid?

A)Epidural space
B)Subarachnoid space
C)Dural space
D)Meninx
E)Pia mater

Question 16

In response to a muscle being stretched,a muscle spindle initiates a somatic spinal reflex that causes
1)contraction of the agonist muscle.
2)relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
3)contraction of the antagonist muscle.
4)relaxation of the agonist muscle.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)4 only
E)1 and 2

Question 17

Which type of descending motor pathway conveys nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and are destined to cause precise,voluntary movements of skeletal muscles?

A)Indirect pathway
B)Direct pathway
C)Reflex arc
D)Somatic arc
E)Muscle spindle

Question 18

Which type of descending motor pathway originates in the brainstem and governs automatic movements that help regulate muscle tone,posture and balance?

A)Indirect pathway
B)Direct pathway
C)Reflex arc
D)Somatic arc
E)Muscle spindles

Question 19

A man presents with median nerve palsy in his left hand.What is the most likely site of injury?

A)Dorsal scapular nerve
B)Intercostal nerve
C)Lumbar plexus
D)Median nerve
E)Radial nerve

Question 20

Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of

A)arachnoid mater.
B)pia mater.
C)dura mater.
D)interstitial fluid.
E)subdural space.

Question 21

Which layer is the dura mater?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 22

Where is the subarachnoid space?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 23

A typical spinal nerve has how many connections to the spinal cord?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 24

Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively motor information away from the spinal cord?

A)B
B)C
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 25

In response to a tendon being stretched excessively,a tendon organ initiates a somatic spinal reflex that causes
1)contraction of the agonist muscle.
2)relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
3)contraction of the antagonist muscle.
4)relaxation of the agonist muscle.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)4 only
E)3 and 4

Question 26

Where is the epidural space?

A)A
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 27

Where is the anterior (ventral)root of a spinal nerve?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)G
E)H

Question 28

Which of the labeled structures contains cerebral spinal fluid?

A)A
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)All of these choices

Question 29

Where is the posterior ramus?

A)B
B)C
C)G
D)H
E)None of these choices

Question 30

A somatic spinal reflex that involves one effector muscle being stimulated while the opposing muscle is inhibited is called _____ innervation.

A)reversal
B)relaxed
C)representative
D)reciprocal
E)relegated

Question 31

Where is the lateral white column?

A)C
B)D
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 32

Which branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk?

A)Meningeal branch
B)Rami communicantes
C)Brachial plexus
D)Posterior ramus
E)Anterior ramus

Question 33

Which of following is NOT a function of the spinal reflexes that use muscle spindles and tendon organs as sensors?

A)Awareness of muscle tension in body
B)Prevention of damage to muscles
C)Protection of spinal nerves
D)Prevention of damage to tendons
E)Maintenance of muscle tone

Question 34

Where is the pia mater?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 35

Where is the posterior median sulcus?

A)A
B)E
C)F
D)H
E)J

Question 36

Where is the subdural space?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 37

Where is the pia mater?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 38

Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively sensory information towards the spinal cord?

A)B
B)C
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 39

Where is the arachnoid mater?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 40

The thoracic nerves are also called the

A)brachial nerves.
B)lumbar nerves.
C)sacral nerves.
D)cervical nerves.
E)intercostals nerves.

Question 41

Which of the following nerves is labeled B in the diagram?

A)phrenic nerve
B)axillary nerve
C)intercostal nerve
D)femoral nerve
E)common fibular nerve

Question 42

Which portion of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons and motor nuclei?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)H
E)I

Question 43

The nerve labeled B in the diagram arises from which plexus?

A)cervical plexus
B)brachial plexus
C)lumbar plexus
D)sacral plexus
E)coccygeal plexus

Question 44

Where is the anterior white column?

A)B
B)C
C)H
D)I
E)J

Question 45

Identify and describe the function of each of the components of a spinal reflex arc.

Question 46

Which portion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as incoming axons of sensory neurons?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)H
E)I

Question 47

The structure labeled F in the diagram belongs to which group of spinal nerves?

A)cervical nerves
B)thoracic nerves
C)lumbar nerves
D)sacral nerves
E)coccygeal nerves

Question 48

Which of the following nerves is labeled D in the diagram?

A)phrenic nerve
B)ulnar nerve
C)intercostal nerve
D)femoral nerve
E)tibial nerve

Question 49

Which of the following structures is labeled D in the diagram?

A)Lumbar enlargement
B)Cervical enlargement
C)Conus medullaris
D)Cauda equina
E)Obturator nerve

Question 50

The structure labeled A in the diagram belongs to which group of spinal nerves?

A)cervical nerves
B)thoracic nerves
C)lumbar nerves
D)sacral nerves
E)coccygeal nerves

Question 51

Which of the following structures is labeled B in the diagram?

A)Lumbar enlargement
B)Cervical enlargement
C)Conus medullaris
D)Cauda equina
E)Obturator nerve

Question 52

Which of the following structures is labeled G in the diagram?

A)Lumbar enlargement
B)Cervical enlargement
C)Conus medullaris
D)Cauda equina
E)Obturator nerve

Question 53

Name and describe the locations of the four major plexuses of spinal nerves.

Question 54

Describe the gross external anatomy of the spinal cord.

Question 55

Describe the cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord.

Question 56

The structure labeled I in the diagram belongs to which group of spinal nerves?

A)cervical nerves
B)thoracic nerves
C)lumbar nerves
D)sacral nerves
E)coccygeal nerves

Question 57

Which of the following nerves is labeled A in the diagram?

A)phrenic nerve
B)ulnar nerve
C)intercostal nerve
D)femoral nerve
E)tibial nerve

Question 58

The nerve labeled A in the diagram arises from which plexus?

A)cervical plexus
B)brachial plexus
C)lumbar plexus
D)sacral plexus
E)coccygeal plexus

Question 59

Where is the anterior gray horn?

A)B
B)C
C)H
D)I
E)None of these choices

Question 60

Which of the following nerves is labeled E in the diagram?

A)phrenic nerve
B)ulnar nerve
C)intercostal nerve
D)femoral nerve
E)tibial nerve

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of dermatomes?

A)Can be used clinically to determine area of spinal cord damage
B)Each dermatome is only served by a single spinal nerve
C)Complete anesthesia of a single dermatome often requires blocking three adjacent spinal nerves
D)Dermatomes are designated based on the cranial or spinal nerve that serves that area of the skin
E)The dermatome serving the face is supplied by the trigeminal cranial nerve

Question 62

Describe the basic anatomy of a spinal nerve plexus.

Question 63

Which of the following spinal nerves DOES NOT travel through an intervertebral foramen to reach its destination?

A)cervical spinal nerve 1
B)thoracic spinal nerve 12
C)lumbar spinal nerve 2
D)sacral spinal nerve 1
E)cervical spinal nerve 7

Question 64

Which of the following is a virus infection of the peripheral nervous system caused by herpes zoster,a virus that also causes chickenpox?

A)areflexia
B)shingles
C)poliomyelitis
D)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
E)menigitis

Question 65

The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that carry information from the periphery to the spinal cord are located in the

A)anterior white commissure.
B)central canal.
C)lateral gray horn.
D)posterior root ganglion.
E)posterior gray horn.

Question 66

Discuss the clinical significance of dermatomes.

Question 67

A severed obturator nerve will lead into paralysis of which region of the body?

A)Cervical
B)Thoracic
C)Lumbar
D)Thigh
E)Arms

Question 68

Which of the following lists the connective tissue coverings of the axons,fascicles,and entire nerve in the correct order?

A)endoneurium,perineurium,epineurium
B)endoneurium,epineurium,perineurium
C)perineurium,epineurium,endoneurium
D)epineurium,endoneurium,perineurium

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the spinothalamic tract?

A)Begins in the spinal cord
B)Terminates in the thalamus
C)Found in the white matter of the spinal cord
D)Carries motor information down the cord
E)Is composed of multiple axons carrying information in the spinal cord

Question 70

Which nerve labeled in the diagram does NOT arise from any plexus?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 71

Which of the following is a degenerative disease of the spinal cord?

A)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B)shingles
C)poliomyelitis
D)areflexia
E)all of these are degenerative diseases of the spinal cord

Question 72

Which of the following regions of the spinal cord contains a conspicuous enlargement?

A)filum terminale
B)cervical region
C)thoracic region
D)sacral region
E)coccygeal region

Question 73

The area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerve is called

A)a dermatome.
B)a microtome.
C)perineurium.
D)a fascicle.
E)an epitome.

Question 74

During childbirth,anesthesia is administered into the epidural space of the spinal column between which of the following vertebrae?
1)L4 and L5
2)T3 and T4
3)S4 and S5
4)C3 and C4

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)4 only
E)Both 1 and 4

Question 75

Which nerves labeled in the diagram form the sciatic nerve?

A)B and C
B)A and B
C)F and G
D)E and F
E)D and E