Deck 17: The Special Senses

Question 1

The smell receptors that actually bind the odorants and begin signal transduction are located on

A)olfactory hairs.
B)glial cells.
C)basal stem cells.
D)Bowman's glands.
E)gustatory receptor cells.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

These receptor cells provide for the sense of taste.

A)Olfactory hair cells
B)Pacinian corpuscles
C)Basal stem cells
D)Hair cells
E)Gustatory cells

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which is NOT considered an accessory structure of the eye?

A)Eyelids
B)Eyelashes
C)Lacrimal apparatus
D)Eyebrows
E)Retina

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which is the correct order in the flow of tears?

A)Lacrimal gland,lacrimal sac,lacrimal duct,superior or inferior lacrimal canal,nasolacrimal duct,nasal cavity
B)Lacrimal gland,lacrimal duct,superior or inferior lacrimal canal,nasolacrimal duct,lacrimal sac,nasal cavity
C)Lacrimal gland,lacrimal duct,nasolacrimal duct,superior or inferior lacrimal canal,lacrimal sac,nasal cavity
D)Lacrimal gland,lacrimal duct,superior or inferior lacrimal canal,lacrimal sac,nasolacrimal duct,nasal cavity
E)Lacrimal gland,lacrimal sac,nasolacrimal duct,superior or inferior lacrimal canal,lacrimal duct,nasal cavity

Question 5

This is a thin mucous membrane that protects the inner aspect of the eyelids and the portion of the sclera covering the anterior surface of the eyeball.

A)Palpebral fissure
B)Conjunctiva
C)Lateral commissure
D)Cornea
E)Choroid

Question 6

How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for moving each eye?

A)10
B)12
C)6
D)4
E)20

Question 7

List the cells,structures,and fluids that light must pass through to reach the photoreceptor cells.

Question 8

Which of the following is the space between the upper and lower eyelids?

A)Palpebral fissure
B)Levator palpebrae
C)Lacrimal caruncle
D)Lateral commissure
E)Conjunctiva

Question 9

Taste buds are found on

A)the epiglottis.
B)the pharynx.
C)the soft palate.
D)both epiglottis and pharynx.
E)All of these choices

Question 10

Which of the following nerves conducts impulses associated with the sense of gustation?

A)Vestibulocochlear
B)Oculomotor
C)Vagus
D)Trigeminal
E)Spinal accessory

Question 11

Infection of a sebaceous ciliary gland can result in

A)blood shot eyes.
B)inhibition of tear production.
C)a sty.
D)glaucoma.
E)blindness.

Question 12

Olfactory receptors are found

A)throughout the nasal cavity.
B)only in the superior portion of the nasal cavity.
C)only in the inferior portion of the nasal cavity.
D)from the vestibule to the pharynx.
E)only in the mid-nasal ridges.

Question 13

Which structure regulates the amount of light entering the eyeball through the pupil?

A)Retina
B)Cornea
C)Iris
D)Choroid
E)Ciliary muscle

Question 14

Adaptation of the olfactory sense to the continued presentation of an odorant

A)occurs rapidly.
B)increases sensitivity to that odorant.
C)occurs slowly.
D)does not occur.
E)enhances gustation.

Question 15

What lies between the lens and the retina?

A)Vitreous chamber
B)Anterior chamber
C)Anterior cavity
D)Cornea
E)Aqueous humor

Question 16

Which layer of dense connective tissue serves to protect the inner parts of the eyeball?

A)Sclera
B)Pupil
C)Iris
D)Cornea
E)Retina

Question 17

The lens is made of layers of proteins called

A)choroids.
B)ciliary bodies.
C)crystallins.
D)cones.
E)rods.

Question 18

The olfactory tract

A)projects directly to the primary olfactory cortex and to the limbic system and hypothalamus.
B)conducts impulses directly to the thalamus.
C)contains only motor neurons.
D)receives information from the taste buds.
E)consists of the olfactory and vestibulocochlear nerves.

Question 19

Which of the following is the transparent layer on the anterior of the eyeball through which the iris can be observed?

A)Retina
B)Choroid
C)Sclera
D)Ciliary body
E)Cornea

Question 20

Which of the following types of papillae do NOT contain taste buds?

A)Vallate
B)Fungiform
C)Foliate
D)Filiform
E)Circumvallate

Question 21

What structure vibrates back and forth when sound waves strike it?

A)cochlea
B)pinna
C)tympanic membrane
D)organ of Corti
E)vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 22

Which of the following structures carries action potentials generated by sound transduction?

A)vagus nerve
B)basilar membrane
C)tympanic membrane
D)organ of Corti
E)vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 23

Which of the types of receptors listed below is primarily used for detecting light rays under bright light conditions?

A)olfactory hair cells
B)rods
C)cones
D)ganglion neurons
E)amacrine cells

Question 24

Identify the ganglion cell layer.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 25

Identify the bipolar cell layer.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 26

Which labeled structure is the blind spot of the eye?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)G
E)H

Question 27

Identify the structure that secretes a fluid that keeps the eyelids from sticking to each other.

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)None of these choices

Question 28

Identify the sclera.

A)F
B)E
C)D
D)G
E)H

Question 29

Which figure illustrates farsightedness before it has been corrected?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 30

Which of the structures listed below converts vibrations in the endolymph into action potentials?

A)macula
B)pinna
C)tympanic membrane
D)organ of Corti
E)cupula

Question 31

Which of the labeled papilla houses 100-300 taste buds each?
V

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)Both A and D

Question 32

Identify the optic nerve.

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)None of these choices

Question 33

The first step in the visual transduction process that occurs in the retina is

A)activation of amacrine cells.
B)absorption of scattered light by the pigmented epithelium.
C)interruption of the dark current.
D)absorption of light by photopigments.
E)generation of action potentials in the optic nerve.

Question 34

Identify the ciliary body.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)H
E)F

Question 35

Identify the thin protective mucous membrane composed of stratified squamous epithelium with numerous goblet cells.

A)A and B
B)B and D
C)C and A
D)D and C
E)B and E

Question 36

Identify the structure that contains aqueous humor.

A)A
B)G
C)H
D)F
E)D

Question 37

Which darkly pigmented structure reduces light reflection within the eyeballs?

A)Sclera
B)Conjunctiva
C)Iris
D)Choroid
E)Retina

Question 38

Identify the choroid.

A)F
B)E
C)D
D)G
E)H

Question 39

Binocular vision

A)gives better depth perception.
B)provides more accurate color vision.
C)is only seen in humans.
D)occurs when one eye focuses on two separate objects.
E)is all of these choices

Question 40

Which of the following structures senses change in rotational acceleration of the head in order to help maintain dynamic equilibrium?

A)cochlea
B)semicircular canals
C)maculae of the vestibule
D)organ of Corti
E)vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 41

Explain the process by which smell sensations are sensed and perceived.

Question 42

Which portion of the inner ear is divided into three channels?

A)C
B)G
C)H
D)J
E)None of these choices

Question 43

List and briefly describe the three processes that are used by the eye to form a clear image of object on the retina.

Question 44

Differentiate between static and dynamic equilibrium.Describe the inner ear structures involved in receiving and transducing sensations involved in maintaining both types of equilibria.

Question 45

Which part of the diagram contains the olfactory bulb neurons?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 46

From which of the following layers of the developing embryo do the eyes develop?

A)endoderm
B)mesoderm
C)ectoderm
D)more than one layer contributes
E)none of these choices

Question 47

Which structure in the diagram produces mucus?

A)C
B)A
C)F
D)G
E)I

Question 48

Which structure in the diagram is the olfactory epithelium?

A)C
B)D
C)G
D)K
E)F

Question 49

Identify the internal auditory canal.

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 50

Which structure in the diagram is an opening in the taste bud?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 51

Which labeled step(s)represents bleaching of the photopigment?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)Both 2 and 4

Question 52

How many days after fertilization do the eyes begin to develop?

A)5
B)150
C)10
D)22
E)55

Question 53

Which structure labeled in the diagram contains the receptors that bind the inhaled chemicals?

A)H
B)G
C)I
D)E
E)L

Question 54

Which figure illustrates nearsightedness before it has been corrected?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 55

Identify the structure that is a thin semi-transparent partition between the external auditory canal and the middle ear?

A)K
B)G
C)J
D)F
E)E

Question 56

Which labeled step(s)represents regeneration of active photopigment?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)Both 1 and 3

Question 57

Emily was very ill with an upper respiratory infection.Her roommate gave her some chicken soup to make her feel better.Neither Emily nor her roommate realized that the soup was too hot to eat until after Emily put a spoonful in her mouth.Now Emily says she can't taste anything.Why? When will she be able to taste again?

Question 58

Identify the auditory ossicles.

A)A,B,C
B)A,C,G
C)A,B,J
D)J,C,G
E)C,D,G

Question 59

The plasma membrane of which structure in the diagram is the initiation site of taste transduction?

A)F
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 60

Deafness can occur for many reasons.Use your knowledge of the structure of the ear and the process of detecting sound,to propose a mechanism for how arthritis could cause deafness.

Question 61

Presbycusis refers to age-associated

A)progressive loss of hearing in one ear.
B)progressive loss of hearing in both ears.
C)progressive loss of near-vision.
D)otitis media.
E)vertigo.

Question 62

The vestibular nuclei of the brainstem that control equilibrium receives sensory information from all the following areas EXCEPT the

A)utricle and saccule.
B)semicircular ducts.
C)eyes
D)proprioceptors in the neck muscles.
E)nociceptors in the distal limbs.

Question 63

Which of the following are structures of the membranous labyrinth of the inner that are involved in dynamic and static equilibrium?

A)vestibule
B)saccule
C)cochlear duct
D)semicircular ducts
E)More than one of these is correct.

Question 64

Nerve impulses for the sense of hearing are initiated in the spiral organ (organ of Corti)and then travel through the _____ to the _____.

A)cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII;pons
B)cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII;medulla oblongata
C)vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII;pons
D)vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII;medulla oblongata
E)facial nerve;auditory cortex

Question 65

How many days after fertilization do the ears begin to develop?

A)5
B)150
C)10
D)22
E)55

Question 66

The axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the

A)optic disk.
B)optic chiasm.
C)visual cortex of cerebrum.
D)lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
E)primary somatosensory area of cerebral cortex.

Question 67

Which of the following molecules is capable of detecting light rays that strike the photopigments in the retina?

A)cGMP
B)opsin portion of rhodopsin
C)cis-retinal
D)melanin
E)retinal isomerase

Question 68

During embryonic development,the lens of the eye develops directly from an invagination of the lens placodes called the

A)optic groove.
B)optic vesicle.
C)optic stalk.
D)prosencephalon.
E)lens vesicle.

Question 69

Which of the following structures contains otoliths (ear stones)?

A)macula of the saccule
B)cupula of the crista
C)tectorial membrane of the organ of Corti
D)basilar membrane of the cochlear duct
E)tympanic membrane

Question 70

During embryonic development,the middle ear develops from a structure called the first

A)pharyngeal pouch.
B)pharyngeal cleft.
C)otic placodes.
D)otic vesicle.
E)rhombencephalon.

Question 71

Which sensory structure in the inner ear is capable of sensing rapid rotation of your head to the left?

A)macula of the saccule
B)macule of the utricle
C)crista of a semicircular duct
D)organ of Corti
E)None of these choices can sense angular acceleration.

Question 72

Cataract leads to blindness due to

A)loss of transparency of the lens.
B)a high intraocular pressure.
C)photophobia.
D)scotoma.
E)trachoma.

Question 73

During embryonic development,the first portion of the ear to develop is the

A)middle ear.
B)internal ear.
C)external ear.
D)bony labyrinth.
E)membranous labyrinth.

Question 74

Which of the following statements accurately describes the changes in the membrane potential of a photoreceptor cell when light rays strike its photopigments?

A)The photoreceptor cell undergoes rapid depolarization.
B)The photoreceptor cell undergoes hyperpolarization.
C)A graded potential proportional to the intensity of the light stimulus occurs in the photoreceptor cell.
D)No changes in the membrane potential occur.
E)The photoreceptor cell creates action potentials at a frequency proportional to the intensity of the light stimulus.

Question 75

During embryonic development,the external ear develops from a structure called the first

A)pharyngeal pouch.
B)pharyngeal cleft.
C)otic placodes.
D)otic vesicle.
E)rhombencephalon.