Deck 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Question 1

The membrane that separates the brain's cerebellum from its cerebrum is the:

A) Tentorium cerebelli
B) Falx cerebri
C) Arachnoid membrane
D) Falx cerebelli

Answer 1

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 2

The neurotransmitter,norepinephrine,is secreted in the:

A) Somatic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic preganglion
C) Sympathetic postganglion
D) Parasympathetic postganglion

Answer 2

Sympathetic postganglion

Question 3

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves V to VIII emerge?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Lateral colliculi

Answer 3

Pons

Question 4

Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture?

A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Diencephalon
D) Brainstem

Question 5

During a synapse,what change occurs after the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor?

A) The permeability of the presynaptic neuron changes; consequently, its membrane potential is changed as well.
B) The permeability of the postsynaptic neuron changes; consequently, its membrane potential is changed as well.
C) The postsynaptic cell prevents any change in permeability and destroys the action potential.
D) The presynaptic cell synthesizes and secretes additional neurotransmitters.

Question 6

Which nerves are capable of regeneration?

A) Nerves within the brain and spinal cord
B) Peripheral nerves that are cut or severed
C) Myelinated nerves in the peripheral nervous system
D) Unmyelinated nerves of the peripheral nervous system

Question 7

Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?

A) Thalamus
B) Epithalamus
C) Subthalamus
D) Hypothalamus

Question 8

Which type of axon transmits a nerve impulse at the highest rate?

A) Large nonmyelinated
B) Large myelinated
C) Small nonmyelinated
D) Small myelinated

Question 9

What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect,both emotional and behavioral states?

A) Hypothalamus and subthalamus
B) Parietal and frontal lobes
C) Limbic system and prefrontal cortex
D) Basal ganglia and medulla oblongata

Question 10

Reflex activities concerned with heart rate,blood pressure,respirations,sneezing,swallowing,and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?

A) Pons
B) Midbrain
C) Cerebellum
D) Medulla oblongata

Question 11

The function of arachnoid villi is to:

A) Produce cerebrospinal fluid
B) Provide nutrients to the choroid plexuses
C) Transmit impulses within the meninges
D) Absorb cerebrospinal fluid into the cerebral venous sinuses

Question 12

Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in which area of the brain?

A) Thalamus
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebellum
D) Basal ganglia

Question 13

The region responsible for the motor aspects of speech is located in the:

A) Wernicke area in the temporal lobe
B) Broca area in the frontal lobe
C) Wronka area in the parietal lobe
D) Barlow area in the occipital lobe

Question 14

The ability of the eyes to track moving objects through a visual field is primarily a function of which colliculi?

A) Inferior
B) Superior
C) Mid
D) Posterior

Question 15

Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of the brain?

A) Cerebellum
B) Limbic system
C) Prefrontal lobe
D) Occipital lobe

Question 16

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves IX to XII emerge?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Lateral colliculi

Question 17

Which statement is true regarding upper motor neurons?

A) Upper motor neurons directly influence muscles.
B) They modify spinal reflex arcs.
C) Upper motor neurons are located in the gray matter of the spinal cord.
D) They extend their dendritic processes out of the CNS.

Question 18

What name is given to a large network of neurons within the brainstem that is essential for maintaining wakefulness?

A) Midbrain
B) Reticular activating system
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Pons

Question 19

Which pathway carries sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS)?

A) Ascending
B) Descending
C) Somatic
D) Efferent

Question 20

Both oligodendroglia and Schwann cells share the ability to:

A) Form a myelin sheath
B) Remove cellular debris
C) Transport nutrients
D) Line the ventricles

Question 21

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Oculomotor nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.

Question 22

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Hypoglossal nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.

Question 23

The sympathetic nervous system primarily serves to protect an individual by doing which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Decreasing mucous production
B) Increasing blood sugar levels
C) Increasing body temperature
D) Decreasing sweat excretion
E) Increasing blood pressure

Question 24

The brain receives approximately what percentage of the cardiac output?

A) 80%
B) 40%
C) 20%
D) 10%

Question 25

The aging process brings about what changes to human cells? (Select all that apply.)

A) Increased neurofibrillary tangles
B) Imbalance of neurotransmitters
C) Increased neuron production
D) Decreased myelin presence
E) Altered dendrite structure

Question 26

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic nerves? (Select all that apply.)

A) I (olfactory)
B) III (oculomotor)
C) VII (facial)
D) IX (glossopharyngeal)
E) X (vagus)

Question 27

Which statement is true regarding the blood-brain barrier (BBB)? (Select all that apply.)

A) The BBB is dependent on astrocytes.
B) It uses the meningeal layers of the brain.
C) It restricts the flow of large molecules, such as potassium.
D) Naturally occurring inflammatory mediators affect the BBB.
E) The BBB appears to play a role in slowing down the onset of degenerative brain disease.

Question 28

What evidence does the nurse expect to see when a patient experiences trauma to the hypothalamus? (Select all that apply.)

A) Uneven expression of mood
B) Unstable blood glucose levels
C) Poor regulation of body temperature
D) Visual disturbances such as blurred vision
E) Nausea, vomiting, and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 29

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Glossopharyngeal nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.

Question 30

A nurse caring for an older adult patient would expect which functional changes to occur? (Select all that apply.)

A) Increased risk for falls
B) Increased risk for falls.
C) Loss of muscle in the arms and legs
D) Decrease in the need for social interaction
E) Increased agitation and frustration levels

Question 31

Norepinephrine produces what primary response?

A) Increased contractility of the heart
B) Release of renin from the kidney
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Pupillary dilation

Question 32

A Schwann cell: (Select all that apply.)

A) Can form the myelin sheath.
B) Is also referred to as a neurolemmocyte.
C) Affects the function of the nodes of Ranvier.
D) Is located in the peripheral nervous system.
E) Is responsible of decreasing conduction velocity.

Question 33

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Trigeminal nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.

Question 34

Which of the meninges closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and follows the sulci and fissures?

A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid
C) Pia mater
D) Inner dura

Question 35

What is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?

A) Stimulation of peristalsis
B) Increased blood sugar levels
C) Reduction in heart rate
D) Pupillary constriction

Question 36

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Trochlear nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.

Question 37

The nurse recognizes that a patient's diagnosis of a viral infection of the brain's meningeal layer is supported by which diagnostic laboratory result?

A) Chloride <110 mEq/L
B) Leukocytes >10/mm3
C) Protein <10 mg/dl
D) Glucose <40 mg/dl

Question 38

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Abducens nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.

Question 39

The collateral blood flow to the brain is provided by the:

A) Carotid arteries
B) Basal artery
C) Circle of Willis
D) Vertebral arteries

Question 40

Where is the cerebrospinal fluid produced?

A) Arachnoid villi
B) Choroid plexuses
C) Ependymal cells
D) Pia mater

Question 41

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Spinal accessory nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.

Question 42

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Olfactory nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.

Question 43

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Vestibulocochlear nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.

Question 44

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Vagus nerve

A)Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the eye.
B)Provides motor and sensory functions to the face, mouth, nose, and eyes.
C)Fibers emerge from the midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye.
D)Controls motor functions to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from the pharynx and tongue.
E)Innervates muscles that move the eye laterally.
F)Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain.
G)Is purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell.
H)Is made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs.
I)Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing.
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and larynx.