Deck 24: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What type of cyst develops when an ovarian follicle is stimulated but no dominant follicle develops and completes the maturity process?

A) Follicular
B) Corpus luteal
C) Corpus albicans
D) Benign ovarian

Answer 1

Benign ovarian

Question 2

Which description is used when a progressive neoplastic change involves the full epithelial thickness of the cervix?

A) Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
B) Cervical dysplasia
C) Cervical carcinoma in situ
D) Invasive carcinoma of the cervix

Answer 2

Cervical carcinoma in situ

Question 3

Considering the mediating factors of premenstrual syndrome (PMS),which medication may be used either continually or only during the menstrual period as a treatment for the condition?

A) NSAIDs
B) Estrogen
C) SSRIs
D) Progesterone

Answer 3

SSRIs

Question 4

Which virus is a precursor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)and cervical cancer?

A) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
B) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
C) Herpes simplex II virus (HSV)
D) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 5

Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea?

A) Disorder in the endometrium
B) Obstruction of the fallopian tubes
C) Lack of physical exercise
D) Failure to ovulate

Question 6

Considering the pathophysiologic characteristics of primary amenorrhea,what anatomic structure is involved in compartment IV?

A) Vagina
B) Hypothalamus
C) Ovary
D) Anterior pituitary

Question 7

The release of which chemical mediator causes primary dysmenorrhea?

A) Leukotrienes
B) Prostaglandins
C) Bradykinin
D) C-reactive protein

Question 8

In 95% of children of delayed puberty,the problem is caused by:

A) Disruption in the hypothalamus
B) Disruption of the pituitary
C) Deficit in estrogen or testosterone
D) Physiologic hormonal delays

Question 9

Considering the pathophysiologic characteristics of primary amenorrhea,what anatomic structure is involved in compartment II?

A) Ovary
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Hypothalamus
D) Vagina

Question 10

Which factor increases the risk for ovarian cancer after the age of 40 years?

A) Use of fertility drugs
B) Oral contraceptive use
C) Multiple pregnancies
D) Prolonged lactation

Question 11

What theory is used to describe the cause of endometriosis?

A) Obstruction within the fallopian tubes prevents the endometrial tissue from adhering to the lining of the uterus.
B) Endometrial tissue passes through the fallopian tubes and into the peritoneal cavity and remains responsive to hormones.
C) Inflammation of the endometrial tissue develops after recurrent sexually transmitted diseases.
D) Endometrial tissue lies dormant in the uterus until the ovaries produce sufficient hormone to stimulate its growth.

Question 12

Which type of precocious puberty causes the child to develop some secondary sex characteristics of the opposite sex?

A) Mixed
B) Incomplete
C) Isosexual
D) Homosexual

Question 13

What is the leading cause of infertility in women?

A) Pelvic inflammatory disease
B) Endometriosis
C) Salpingitis
D) Polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 14

Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding,the passage of large clots,and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?

A) Premenstrual syndrome
B) Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
C) Polycystic ovary syndrome
D) Primary dysmenorrhea

Question 15

Which term is used to identify benign uterine tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells in the myometrium and are commonly called uterine fibroids?

A) Endometrial polyps
B) Myometrial polyps
C) Leiomyomas
D) Myometriomas

Question 16

When a woman's uterus is assessed as protruding through the entrance of the vagina to the hymen,which grade of prolapse does this indicate?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 17

What is the first sign of puberty in girls?

A) Breast enlargement
B) Growth of pubic hair
C) Menstruation
D) Vaginal discharge

Question 18

Which term is used to identify the descent of the posterior bladder and trigone into the vaginal canal?

A) Rectocele
B) Vaginocele
C) Cystocele
D) Enterocele

Question 19

Which statement regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)is true?

A) An episode of mild PID can decrease the possibility of a successful pregnancy by 80%.
B) Such an inflammation results in temporary changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes.
C) PID has not been associated with an increased risk of an ectopic pregnancy.
D) Contracting this infection increases the risk of uterine cancer.

Question 20

What statement concerning the pathogenetic mechanisms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (POS)is true?

A) POS causes a decrease in leptin levels; this decrease reduces the hypothalamic pulsatility of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which reduces the number of follicles that mature.
B) POS is a result of a disorder in the anterior pituitary that increases the follicle-stimulating hormone, which reduces the luteinizing hormone released.
C) POS is a result of a combination of conditions that include oligo-ovulation or anovulation, elevated levels of androgens, or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries.
D) POS inhibits testosterone, which stimulates androgen secretion by the ovarian stroma and indirectly reduces sex hormone-binding globulin.

Question 21

The majority of the small percentage of ovarian cancers that are associated with a known pattern of inheritance are associated with:

A) Susceptibility of the BRCA1 gene
B) Mutations of the BRCA2 gene
C) Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome
D) Low progesterone levels

Question 22

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB),secondary to ovarian dysfunction,is abnormal uterine bleeding resulting from: (Select all that apply.)

A) Endometriosis
B) Progesterone deficiency
C) Sexually transmitted infections
D) Congenital abnormalities in the uterine structure
E) Estrogen excess

Question 23

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after how many months of unprotected intercourse with the same partner?

A) 6
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24

Question 24

What is a recognized treatment for the symptoms often associated with pelvic organ prolapse? (Select all that apply.)

A) Pessary
B) Kegel exercises
C) Estrogen therapy
D) Surgical repair
E) Bearing down exercises

Question 25

Which of the following is not considered a cause of galactorrhea?

A) Proliferation of the lactiferous ducts of the breast
B) Hypothyroidism, resulting from a decrease in thyroid-releasing hormone
C) Excess prolactin secretion from the pituitary
D) Drugs such as high-dose oral contraceptives and phenothiazines

Question 26

What is usually the first clinical manifestation of breast cancer?

A) Nipple dimpling
B) Nipple discharge
C) Enlargement of one breast
D) Painless lump

Question 27

Which benign breast tumor affects postmenopausal women and is characterized by the principal lactiferous ducts becoming dilated and filled with cellular debris?

A) Mammary duct ectasia
B) Intraductal papilloma
C) Phyllodes tumor
D) Fibroadenoma

Question 28

Fluid-filled squishy sacs characterize which breast disorder?

A) Paget disease
B) Cysts
C) Nonproliferative breast lesions
D) Lobular carcinoma in situ

Question 29

The size of benign uterine tumors,such as leiomyomas,is thought to be caused by the influence of which hormone? (Select all that apply.)

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) Gonadotropin-stimulating hormone
E) Growth factors

Question 30

What are the common clinical manifestations of endometriosis? (Select all that apply.)

A) Back and flank pain
B) Infertility
C) Dysuria
D) Amenorrhea
E) Dysmenorrhea

Question 31

What are typical findings on breast palpation of a woman diagnosed with simple fibroadenoma?

A) Painful, round, movable, and fluid-filled mass
B) Painless, movable, hard, and irregular mass
C) Smooth, solid, mobile, and well-circumscribed mass
D) Smooth, nonmovable, irregular, and soft mass