Deck 27: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Question 1

By which structure are mature erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream?

A) Liver
B) Lymph nodes
C) Thymus
D) Spleen

Answer 1

Spleen

Question 2

Without prior exposure to an antigen,which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells?

A) Lymphocytes
B) Plasma cells
C) Megakaryocytes
D) Natural killer (NK) cells

Answer 2

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 3

What is the effect of low plasma albumin?

A) Clotting factors decrease, thus increasing the chance of prolonged bleeding.
B) Fewer immunoglobulins are synthesized, thus impairing the immune function.
C) Less iron is stored, thus increasing the incidence of iron deficiency anemia.
D) Osmotic pressure decreases, thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium.

Answer 3

Osmotic pressure decreases, thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium.

Question 4

What is the life span of platelets (in days)?

A) 10
B) 30
C) 90
D) 120

Question 5

What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?

A) Globulin
B) Albumin
C) Clotting factors
D) Complement proteins

Question 6

Which hemoglobin is made from oxidized ferric iron (Fe³⁺)and lacks the ability to bind oxygen?

A) Deoxyhemoglobin
B) Oxyhemoglobin
C) Methemoglobin
D) Glycosylated hemoglobin

Question 7

Granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines,such as histamine,are called:

A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils

Question 8

Which blood cells are biconcave in shape and have the capacity to be reversibly deformed?

A) Neutrophils
B) Monocytes
C) Eosinophils
D) Erythrocytes

Question 9

Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?

A) Neutrophils
B) Monocytes
C) Eosinophils
D) Erythrocytes

Question 10

The absence of parietal cells would prevent the absorption of an essential nutrient necessary to prevent which type of anemia?

A) Iron deficiency
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Folic acid deficiency anemia
D) Aplastic anemia

Question 11

Which nutrients are necessary for the synthesis of DNA and the maturation of erythrocytes?

A) Protein and niacin
B) Iron and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
C) Cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate
D) Pantothenic acid and vitamin C

Question 12

What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?

A) 20 to 30
B) 60 to 90
C) 100 to 120
D) 200 to 240

Question 13

What is the consequence of a splenectomy?

A) The level of iron in circulation increases.
B) Antibody production increases to improve immune function.
C) The number of defective cells in circulation increases.
D) The number of clotting factors increases.

Question 14

Which of the following are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?

A) Monocytes
B) Platelets
C) Macrophages
D) Erythrocytes

Question 15

Recycling of iron from erythrocytes is made possible by which of the following?

A) Transferrin
B) Hemosiderin
C) Apoferritin
D) Erythropoietin

Question 16

Fetal hematopoiesis occurs in which structure?

A) Gut
B) Spleen
C) Bone marrow
D) Thymus

Question 17

Which statement concerning erythrocytes is true?

A) Erythrocytes contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
B) Erythrocytes synthesize proteins.
C) Erythrocytes have the ability to change shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
D) Erythrocyte colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF) stimulates erythrocytes.

Question 18

Which nutrients are necessary for hemoglobin synthesis?

A) Protein and niacin
B) Iron and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
C) Cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate
D) Pantothenic acid and vitamin C

Question 19

Blood cells that differentiate into macrophages are known as:

A) Monocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) Eosinophils
D) Basophils

Question 20

During an infection,why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender?

A) B lymphocytes proliferate.
B) The nodes are inflamed.
C) The nodes fill with purulent exudate.
D) The nodes are not properly functioning.

Question 21

What does polycythemia at birth indicate?

A) Hypoxia in utero
B) Dysfunctional bone marrow
C) Congenitally absent spleen
D) Dehydration in utero

Question 22

Which substance is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure?

A) Iron
B) Erythropoietin
C) Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
D) Folate

Question 23

Which statements about plasma proteins are correct? (Select all that apply.)

A) Provide clotting factors.
B) Transport triglycerides.
C) Synthesize complement proteins.
D) Create hydrostatic pressure.
E) Transport cholesterol.

Question 24

Where are Langerhans cells found?

A) Skin
B) Intestinal lining
C) Kidney
D) Thyroid

Question 25

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A) Tissue oxygenation
B) Hemostasis
C) Infection control
D) Allergy response

Question 26

What changes to the hematologic system is related to age?

A) Platelet adhesiveness decreases.
B) Lymphocyte function decreases.
C) Cellular immunity increases.
D) Erythrocyte reproduction accelerates.

Question 27

The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?

A) Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III)
B) Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
C) Shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot
D) Degrading the fibrin within blood clots

Question 28

Which form of iron (Fe)can be used in the formation of normal hemoglobin?

A) Fe+
B) Fe2+
C) Fe3+
D) Fe4+

Question 29

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Hemostasis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 30

Where are alveolar macrophages found?

A) Skin
B) Breasts
C) Gastrointestinal tract
D) Lungs

Question 31

Which characteristics allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers? (Select all that apply.)

A) Permanent shape
B) Compactness
C) Reversible deformability
D) Presence of hyperactive mitochondria
E) Biconcavity

Question 32

Where are Kupffer cells located?

A) Kidneys
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Spleen

Question 33

Which of the following is the role of nitric oxide (NO)in hemostasis?

A) Stimulates the release of fibrinogen to maintain the platelet plug.
B) Stimulates the release of clotting factors V and VII.
C) Causes vasoconstriction and stimulates platelet aggregation.
D) Controls platelet activation through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated signaling.

Question 34

What are the primary anticoagulant mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)

A) Antithrombin III
B) Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
C) Hematopoiesis
D) Protein C
E) Phagocytosis

Question 35

Which statements characterize albumin? (Select all that apply.)

A) Retains sodium to maintain water balance.
B) Provides colloid osmotic pressure.
C) Is synthesized in the liver.
D) Is a carrier for drugs that have low water solubility.
E) Is a small molecule

Question 36

Which statements are true regarding the role of the endothelium in clot formation? (Select all that apply.)

A) The surface of the endothelium produces plasma protease inhibitors.
B) Plasma protease inhibitors assist in preventing clot formation.
C) Thrombomodulin is a protein that is converted on the surface of endothelial cells.
D) Protein A binds to thrombomodulin.
E) Activated protein C enhances the adhesion ability of neutrophils.

Question 37

What is plasmin's role in the clotting process?

A) Stimulates platelet aggregation.
B) Inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation.
C) Prevents the conversion of prothrombin to degrade the fibrin within blood clots.
D) Degrades the fibrin within blood clots.

Question 38

What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA₂)in the secretion stage of hemostasis?

A) Stimulates the synthesis of serotonin.
B) Promotes vasodilation.
C) Stimulates platelet aggregation.
D) Promotes formation of cyclooxygenase.

Question 39

What is the role of collagen in the clotting process?

A) Initiates the clotting cascade.
B) Activates platelets.
C) Stimulates fibrin.
D) Deactivates fibrinogen.

Question 40

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Endomitosis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 41

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Erythropoiesis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 42

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Hematopoiesis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 43

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Phagocytosis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production