Deck 17: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Which of the following statements about chiral carbons is correct?

A) A chiral carbon is one that has four different groups attached.
B) A chiral carbon is one that determines the possibility of stereoisomerism.
C) A chiral carbon can be an interior carbon.
D) There is more than one correct response.

Answer 1

There is more than one correct response.

Question 2

A short description of a stereoisomer would be?

A) Stereoisomers are all of the isomers for compounds that can have in excess of two isomers.
B) Stereoisomers are those compounds that can have two isomers that are straight chain and the right side is different from the left side.
C) Stereoisomers are two isomers that resemble each other in the sense that one of the isomers is the mirror image of the other.
D) There is more than one correct response.

Answer 2

Stereoisomers are two isomers that resemble each other in the sense that one of the isomers is the mirror image of the other.

Question 3

The simplest carbohydrates are called _____ .

A) monosaccharides
B) disaccharides
C) polysaccharides
D) oligosaccharides

Answer 3

monosaccharides

Question 4

How many chiral carbons are contained in ribose,which is shown below?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 5

Carbohydrates which contain two sugar units chemically linked together are called a(n)_____ .

A) monosaccharides
B) disaccharides
C) trisaccharides
D) polysaccharides

Question 6

The carbohydrate below may be classified as a(n)________.

A) aldopentose
B) aldohexose
C) ketopentose
D) ketohexose

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a carbohydrate?

A) amylopectin
B) deoxyribose
C) glycogen
D) cellulose

Question 8

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) galactose
D) maltose

Question 9

The following structure is shown in what form?

A) a D form
B) an L form
C) neither D nor L
D) both D and L

Question 10

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketohexose?

A) ribose
B) glucose
C) galactose
D) fructose

Question 11

Which of the following compounds is the enantiomer of the structure shown below?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 12

What characteristic of carbohydrates is not commonly found in the previously studied classes of compounds?

A) Carbohydrates are unique in that they do not contain any nitrogen.
B) Carbohydrates often contain a functional group on each carbon.
C) The carbohydrate class is the only class composed solely of cyclic compounds.
D) There is more than one correct response.

Question 13

Which of the following choices is a carbohydrate?

A) progestin
B) formaldehyde
C) galactose
D) hexamide

Question 14

Which of the following groups are expected to be found in carbohydrates?

A) alcohol
B) thiol
C) methyl
D) amide

Question 15

Which carbon atoms in the following structure are correctly called chiral carbon atoms?

A) carbons 1 and 2
B) carbons 2 and 3
C) carbons 3 and 4
D) carbons,1,2,3,and 5

Question 16

Which of the following can exist in enantiomers?

A)

B)

C)

D) all of these choices

Question 17

How many chiral carbons are contained in the following structure?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 18

Which form of monosaccharides is preferred by human cells?

A) D
B) L
C) both
D) neither

Question 19

How many stereoisomers of an aldopentose exist?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 20

The following structure is shown in what form?

A) a D form
B) an L form
C) neither D nor L
D) both D and L

Question 21

Of the 16 aldohexoses,how many exist in the D form?

A) 8
B) 16
C) 4
D) 6

Question 22

The disaccharide formed during the digestion of starch is _____ .

A) amylose
B) lactose
C) maltose
D) sucrose

Question 23

A monosaccharide used to form nucleic acids is _____ .

A) glucose
B) galactose
C) ribose
D) maltose

Question 24

The cyclic form of ____ contains a furanose ring.

A) glucose
B) maltose
C) galactose
D) fructose

Question 25

Which of the following carbohydrates yields invert sugar upon hydrolysis?

A) fructose
B) sucrose
C) starch
D) glycogen

Question 26

A sugar present in honey in a 1:1 ratio with glucose is _____ .

A) fructose
B) maltose
C) sucrose
D) galactose

Question 27

Structurally,glycogen is most similar to _____ .

A) amylose
B) amylopectin
C) cellulose
D) sucrose

Question 28

Sugars which contain an aldehyde group that can be oxidized are called _____ .

A) reducing sugars
B) oxidizing sugars
C) glycosides
D) simple sugars

Question 29

The cyclic form of glucose results from the formation of a(n)_____ .

A) ester
B) acetal
C) hemiacetal
D) amide

Question 30

The linkage between the two monosaccharide units of a disaccharide is a

A) hemiacetal linkage.
B) alpha linkage.
C) ester linkage.
D) glycosidic linkage.

Question 31

Of the monosaccharides,which is the most important nutritionally?

A) ribose
B) glucose
C) galactose
D) fructose

Question 32

Maltose upon hydrolysis yields

A) glucose and galactose.
B) glucose and fructose.
C) only glucose.
D) Hydrolysis does not occur

Question 33

A polysaccharide containing $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4)linkages is _____ .

A) cellulose
B) glycogen
C) amylose
D) amylopectin

Question 34

The cyclic form of glucose has how many possible stereoisomers compared to the noncyclic form?

A) double
B) triple
C) reduced by half
D) remains the same

Question 35

Which of the following sugars fails to give a positive Benedict's test?

A) glucose
B) galactose
C) lactose
D) sucrose

Question 36

The sweetest of the common sugars is _____ .

A) fructose
B) glucose
C) galactose
D) maltose

Question 37

Which polysaccharide usually makes up 80-90% of plant starch?

A) chitin
B) amylopectin
C) heparin
D) hyaluronic acid

Question 38

The body stores carbohydrates as _____ .

A) cellulose
B) glycogen
C) sucrose
D) starch

Question 39

A carbohydrate present in the blood is _____ .

A) sucrose
B) glucose
C) fructose
D) maltose

Question 40

A component of lactose is the sugar _____ .

A) ribose
B) deoxyribose
C) fructose
D) galactose

Question 41

Carbohydrates serve a number of important functions in our bodies.Which of the following is NOT one of those functions?

A) They provide energy through their oxidation.
B) They serve as a carbon supply for the synthesis of cell components.
C) They serve as a way to store chemical energy.
D) They are used as structural elements in cell walls.

Question 42

The structure given below has what type of glycosidic linkage?

A) ( $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 6)
B) ( $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4)
C) ( $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 6)
D) ( $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4)

Question 43

The structure shown in what anomeric form?

A) ( $\alpha$ )
B) ( $\beta$ )
C) cis
D) trans

Question 44

What polysaccaride would NOT exhibit the following type of linkage for all or a major portion of its structure?

A) amylose
B) amylopectin
C) glycogen
D) cellulose

Question 45

When the compound below is treated with Benedict's reagent,that is the product of the reaction?

A)

B)

C)

D) no reaction

Question 46

The following structure is best represented as

A) pyranose with a beta hydroxy group.
B) pyranose with an alpha hydroxy group.
C) furanose with a beta hydroxy group.
D) furanose with an alpha hydroxy group.

Question 47

Glyceraldehyde is the simplest member of the carbohydrates and is shown below.What is the total number of functional groups that this molecule contain?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 48

What is the name of the following sugar?

A) sucrose
B) maltose
C) lactose
D) xylobiose

Question 49

Which is a test for the presence of starch?

A) Benedict's test
B) exposure to iodine
C) sweet taste
D) acid-base titration

Question 50

The maximum number of stereoisomers for a compound containing 6 chiral carbon atoms is _____ .

A) 6
B) 16
C) 64
D) 132

Question 51

The structure given below has what type of glycosidic linkage?

A) ( $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 6)
B) ( $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4)
C) ( $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 6)
D) ( $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4)

Question 52

What is the name of the following sugar?

A) sucrose
B) maltose
C) lactose
D) xylobiose

Question 53

The structure shown is in what anomeric form?

A) ( $\alpha$ )
B) ( $\beta$ )
C) cis
D) trans

Question 54

The following two monosaccharides form a disaccharide by forming a bond between the two carbons indicated with an asterisk (*).What type of linkage results?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 55

Which of the following correctly describes the structure shown?

A) aldopentose with 5 chiral carbon atoms
B) aldopentose with 3 chiral carbon atoms
C) ketopentose with 5 chiral carbon atoms
D) ketopentose with 3 chiral carbon atoms

Question 56

Artificial sweeteners should be avoided by people suffering from phenylketonuria (PKU)due to their body's inability to metabolize ____ properly.

A) aldehydes
B) phenols
C) ketones
D) phenylalanine

Question 57

Monosaccharides and disaccharides both have a sweet taste.What taste does a polysaccharide have?

A) sweet
B) sour
C) bitter
D) tasteless

Question 58

Many commercials sell fiber supplements but you do not have the money to buy them.Which of the following is a poor source of fiber?

A) steak
B) beans
C) carrots
D) banana

Question 59

What is the major difference between glucose and sorbitol?

A) Glucose has 6 carbons;sorbitol has 5 carbons.
B) Glucose has 6 carbons;sorbitol has 7 carbons.
C) Glucose contains hydroxy groups;sorbitol does not contain hydroxy groups.
D) Glucose contains an aldehyde carbon;sorbitol has an alcohol carbon in that location.

Question 60

What is the name of the following sugar?

A) sucrose
B) maltose
C) lactose
D) xylobiose

Question 61

Polysaccharides tend to be very sweet.

Question 62

A molecule with 3 chiral atoms would have 6 stereoisomers.

Question 63

sec-butyl alcohol has two stereoisomers.

Question 64

Cellulose does not contribute to the caloric intake in humans.

Question 65

CH₄ could exist as a pair of enantiomers.

Question 66

Molecules that are mirror images are enantiomers.

Question 67

There are currently several artificial sweeteners on the market.Which of the following is NOT one of those artificial sweeteners?

A) maltose
B) aspartame
C) sorbitol
D) acesulfame-K

Question 68

There is no biological significance attributed to stereoisomers.

Question 69

All aldopentoses have 5 carbon atoms.

Question 70

The two forms of the glucose ring resulting from the substituents on the C-1 carbon are anomers.

Question 71

One function of carbohydrates is to form structural elements of some cells and tissues.

Question 72

One of the characteristics of organic molecules is that they all can exist as stereoisomers.

Question 73

In order for molecules to be mirror images,there must be at least one carbon that does not have duplicate groups attached.

Question 74

Starch is made up of 50 to 100 glucose units.

Question 75

Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units.

Question 76

Carbohydrates have their name because the ratio of carbon to water is always 1:1.

Question 77

The hydrolysis of cellulose and starch would give the same monosaccharide.

Question 78

Polysaccharides usually give a negative Benedict's test.

Question 79

All sugars are ketoses.

Question 80

A characteristic of carbohydrates is that a carbonyl carbon is usually incorporated in their structures.