Deck 5: Energy

Question 1

​A box slides across a floor and comes to rest.The work done by the frictional force on the box is

A)​positive.
B)​negative.
C)​zero.
D)​impossible to determine without knowing the coefficient of friction.

Answer 1

​negative.

Question 2

A very light cart holding a 100-N box is moved at constant velocity across a 10-m level surface.What is the net work done in the process?

A)zero
B)1/10 J
C)10 J
D)100 J
E)​1 000 J

Answer 2

zero

Question 3

​A suitcase is sitting on a horizontal conveyor belt,which is moving at speed v.The work done by the frictional force on the suitcase is

A)​positive.
B)​negative.
C)​zero.
D)​impossible to determine without knowing the mass of the suitcase.

Answer 3

​positive.

Question 4

Petra pushes a crate across a rough floor.A frictional force of 28.0 N acts to oppose the motion of the crate,and Petra pushes with a horizontal force of 36.4 N.If the net work Petra does is 94.5 J,through what distance did she push the crate?

A)11.3 m
B)3.38 m
C)2.60 m
D)2 650 m
E)3 440 m

Question 5

What is the kinetic energy of a 0.240-kg baseball thrown at 37.5 m/s?

A)338 J
B)4.50 J
C)169 J
D)9.00 J
E)37.7 J

Question 6

A student has to work the following problem: A block is being pulled along at constant speed on a horizontal surface a distance d by a rope supplying a force F at an angle of elevation q.The surface has a frictional force acting during this motion.How much work was done by friction during this motion? The student calculates the value to be -Fdsinq.How does this value compare to the correct value?

A)It is the correct value.
B)It is too high.
C)It is too low.
D)The answer cannot be found until it is known whether q is greater than,less than,or equal to 45°.

Question 7

A mover pushes a box of mass m = 56.0 kg along a horizontal floor a distance d = 2.50 m.The constant force exerted on the box by the mover makes an angle of 27.0° directed below the horizontal.Assume the floor is frictionless.If the work done by the mover is W = 200 J,what is the force exerted by the mover?

A)89.8 N
B)549 N
C)616 N
D)176 N

Question 8

I use a rope 3.50 m long to swing a 10.8-kg weight around my head.The tension in the rope is 8.25 N.In half a revolution how much work is done by the rope on the weight?

A)28.9 J
B)312 J
C)25.5 J
D)0 J
E)0.218 J

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a nonconservative force?

A)gravity
B)magnetism
C)friction
D)Both choices A and B are valid.

Question 10

A horizontal force of 85.0 N is applied to move a 46.0-kg cart across a 4.0-m level surface.What work is done by the 85.0-N force?

A)7.4E+0 J
B)1.6E+4 J
C)3.4E+2 J
D)9.8E+2 J
E)4.6E-1 J

Question 11

A horse pulls a 350-kg sled at constant speed along an icy road for a distance of 500 m.If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the sled and the road is 0.450,and the angle between the harness and the sled is 25°,what is the mechanical energy lost due to friction?

A)-9.8E+5 J
B)-6.4E+5 J
C)-1.3E+3 J
D)-7.4E+3 J

Question 12

The work done by static friction can be:

A)positive.
B)negative.
C)zero.
D)Any of the above.

Question 13

Rupel pushes a box 7.00 m by applying a 25.0-N horizontal force.What work does she do?

A)3.57 J
B)0.280 J
C)175 J
D)-175.0 J
E)25.0 J

Question 14

Which of the following is that form of energy associated with an object's motion?

A)potential
B)thermal
C)bio-chemical
D)kinetic

Question 15

A worker pushes a sled with a force of 38.0 N over a level distance of 3.60 m.If a frictional force of 16.0 N acts on the wheelbarrow in a direction opposite to that of the worker,what net work is done on the wheelbarrow?

A)194 J
B)137 J
C)57.6 J
D)79.2 J
E)6.11 J

Question 16

Which of the following is that form of energy associated with an object's location in a conservative force field?

A)potential
B)thermal
C)bio-chemical
D)kinetic

Question 17

The unit of work,joule,is dimensionally the same as:

A)newton/second.
B)newton/kilogram.
C)newton-second.
D)newton-meter.

Question 18

If during a given physical process the only force acting on an object is friction,which of the following must be assumed in regard to the object's kinetic energy?

A)It decreases.
B)It increases.
C)It remains constant.
D)It cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 19

If both mass and velocity of a ball are tripled,the kinetic energy is increased by a factor of:

A)3.
B)6.
C)9.
D)27.

Question 20

A satellite is held in orbit by a 1 000-N gravitational force.Each time the satellite completes an orbit of circumference 80 000 km,the work done on it by gravity is:

A)1.0×10⁸ J.
B)8.0×10⁸ J.
C)1.0×10¹¹ J.
D)0.
E)​8.0×10¹¹ J.

Question 21

A 1 300-kg automobile moving at 21 m/s has the brakes applied with a deceleration of 3.0 m/s².How far does the car travel before it stops?

A)7.4E+1 m
B)1.5E+2 m
C)2.9E+5 m
D)2.3E+4 m
E)4.3E+2 m

Question 22

What is the minimum amount of energy required for a 60.0-kg climber carrying a 18-kg pack to climb Mt.Everest,8 250 m high?

A)6.3E+6 J
B)3.4E+6 J
C)4.9E+6 J
D)6.4E+5 J
E)3.5E+5 J

Question 23

Which of the following is not true about potential energy?

A)Potential energy is stored energy.
B)Potential energy is related to position.
C)Potential energy is a scalar quantity.
D)Potential energy has direction.

Question 24

A 8.00-kg bowling ball falls from a 3.50-m shelf.Just before hitting the floor,what will be its kinetic energy? (g = 9.80 m/s² and assume air resistance is negligible)

A)280 J
B)49.0 J
C)2.86 J
D)274 J
E)28.0 J

Question 25

A 1.00-kg ball has zero kinetic and potential energy.Ernie drops the ball into a 10.0-m-deep well.Just before the ball hits the bottom,the sum of its kinetic and potential energy is:

A)zero.
B)98.0 J.
C)−98.0 J.
D)196 J.
E)−196 J.

Question 26

​Jasper takes two books of mass m₁ and m₂ off the floor and places them on a shelf at height h.The change in potential energy of the book with mass m₁ is four times that of the book with mass m₂.What is the relationship between m₁ and m₂?

A)​m1 = 0.25m₂
B)​m1 = 0.5m₂
C)​m1 = 2m₂
D)​m1 = 4m₂

Question 27

A professional skier reaches a speed of 58.0 m/s on a 30° ski slope.Ignoring friction,what was the minimum distance along the slope the skier would have had to travel,starting from rest?

A)172 m
B)198 m
C)343 m
D)5.92 m
E)0.291 m

Question 28

A horizontal force of 200 N is applied to a 55.0-kg cart across a 15.0-m level surface.If the cart accelerates at 2.0 m/s²,then what is the work done by the force of friction as it acts to retard the motion of the cart?

A)-4.7E+3 J
B)-1.4E+3 J
C)-3.0E+3 J
D)-9.0E+1 J
E)-3.1E+2 J

Question 29

A boat with mass 950 kg is heading into the harbor at a speed of 10.0 m/s.How much work is required to slow the boat to 1.0 m/s?

A)4.8E+4 J
B)9.4E+4 J
C)4.7E+4 J
D)2.3E+4 J

Question 30

A rock is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 15.0 m/s.Ignore energy lost to air friction.How high will the rock rise?

A)7.5 m
B)113 m
C)23.0 m
D)11.5 m
E)0.0871 m

Question 31

A boat with mass of 1 200 kg is traveling at 12 m/s.What is the magnitude of the force required to stop the boat if it undergoes a displacement of 85 m?

A)2 000 N
B)170 N
C)8 500 N
D)1 000 N

Question 32

Samantha pushes a 60-N crate up a ramp 30 m in length and inclined at 10° with the horizontal.What potential energy change does the crate experience?

A)1.8E+3 J.
B)1.8E+3 J
C)1.2E+1 J
D)3.1E+2 J
E)1.0E+4 J

Question 33

A golf ball hits a wall and bounces back at 3/4 the original speed.What part of the original kinetic energy of the ball did it lose in the collision?

A)1/4
B)3/8
C)7/16
D)9/16
E)​3/4

Question 34

A 6.1-g bullet has a velocity of 475 m/s when it penetrates a wooden door to a depth of 3.5 cm.Assuming the frictional force that stops the bullet is constant,how long does it take from the time the bullet hits the door till it comes to a stop?

A)1.5E-4 s
B)7.4E-5 s
C)4.5E-2 s
D)3.7E-3 s

Question 35

A 10.0-kg box starts at rest and slides 3.90 m down a ramp inclined at an angle of 10° with the horizontal.If there is no friction between the ramp surface and crate,what is the velocity of the crate at the bottom of the ramp? (g = 9.8 m/s²)

A)13.3 m/s
B)3.64 m/s
C)8.74 m/s
D)8.68 m/s
E)76.4 m/s

Question 36

A hill is 150 m long and makes an angle of 12° with the horizontal.As a 60-kg jogger runs up the hill,how much work does gravity do on the jogger?

A)8.82E+4 J
B)1.83E+4 J
C)−1.83E+4 J
D)8.63E+4 J
E)zero

Question 37

As an object is lowered into a deep hole in the surface of the Earth,which of the following must be assumed in regard to its potential energy?

A)increase
B)decrease
C)remain constant
D)cannot tell from the information given

Question 38

A 24.0-kg crate,initially at rest,slides down a ramp 4.0 m long and inclined at an angle of 20° with the horizontal.If there is no friction between ramp surface and crate,what is the kinetic energy of the crate at the bottom of the ramp? (g = 9.8 m/s²)

A)880 J
B)940 J
C)644 J
D)322 J
E)161 J

Question 39

A 2 500-kg car is moving at 2.30 m/s.How fast must a 1.5-kg toy car be moving so that the two have the same kinetic energy?

A)61.9 m/s
B)3.97 m/s
C)93.9 m/s
D)6 610 m/s

Question 40

Two blocks are released from the top of a building.One falls straight down while the other slides down a smooth ramp.If all friction is ignored,which one is moving faster when it reaches the bottom?

A)The block that went straight down.
B)The block that went down the ramp.
C)They both will have the same speed.
D)Insufficient information to work the problem.

Question 41

A baseball outfielder throws a baseball of mass 0.36 kg at a speed of 34.0 m/s and initial angle of 30°.What is the kinetic energy of the baseball at the highest point of the trajectory? Ignore air friction.

A)zero
B)312 J
C)156 J
D)52.0 J
E)208 J

Question 42

A 60-kg (including the passenger)sled is subject to a net force of 20 N pushing in the direction of the sled's motion as it is moving over a horizontal surface for a distance of 11 m after having started from rest.At this point the sled is released as it starts down a 10.0° incline.However,the snow is not very deep,and the sled stops after having moved an additional 35 m.What is the work done by friction while the sled is on the incline?

A)-3.6E+3 J
B)-3.8E+3 J
C)-3.4E+3 J
D)-2.0E+4 J

Question 43

A simple pendulum,1.00 m in length,is released from rest when the support string is at an angle of 48.0° from the vertical.What is the speed of the suspended mass at the bottom of the swing? (g = 9.80 m/s² and ignore air resistance)

A)4.43 m/s
B)3.82 m/s
C)6.49 m/s
D)2.55 m/s
E)1.62 m/s

Question 44

Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone Park shoots water hourly to a height of 40.0 m.With what velocity does the water leave the ground?

A)14.0 m/s
B)19.8 m/s
C)20 m/s
D)28.0 m/s
E)784 m/s

Question 45

A 3.00-kg ball has zero potential and kinetic energy.Maria drops the ball into a 10.0-m-deep well.After the ball comes to a stop in the mud,the sum of its potential and kinetic energy is:

A)zero.
B)294 J.
C)−294 J.
D)588 J.
E)−588 J.

Question 46

An amount of work equal to 2.0 J is required to compress the spring in a spring-gun.What is the "launch speed" of a 26.0-g marble?

A)12.4 m/s
B)13.4 m/s
C)8.8 m/s
D)3.92 m/s
E)0.392 m/s

Question 47

A pendulum consists of a mass m suspended from a string of length L.When the pendulum is swinging,how much greater is the mass's potential energy when the string is displaced from the vertical by the angle θ than when the mass is at the lowest position?

A)mgL​sinθ
B)mgL​cosθ
C)mgL(1 - sinθ)
D)mgL(1 - cosθ)

Question 48

A baseball catcher puts on an exhibition by catching a 0.175-kg ball dropped from a helicopter at a height of 89.0 m.What is the speed of the ball just before it hits the catcher's glove 1.00 m above the ground? (g = 9.80 m/s² and ignore air resistance)

A)41.5 m/s
B)0.482 m/s
C)1 730 m/s
D)29.4 m/s
E)42.0 m/s

Question 49

A 26.0-N crate starting at rest slides down a rough 4.8-m-long ramp,inclined at 21.0° with the horizontal.18 J of energy is lost to friction.What will be the speed of the crate at the bottom of the incline?

A)27.1 m/s
B)5.81 m/s
C)6.36 m/s
D)4.49 m/s

Question 50

An airliner with mass 90 000 kg is flying at 900 km/h at a height of 15.0 km.What is its total energy (kinetic + potential)if the total was 0 when the airliner was at rest on the ground?

A)5.0E+10 J
B)3.6E+10 J
C)1.3E+10 J
D)zero
E)1.6E+10 J

Question 51

A girl and her bicycle have a total mass of 46.0 kg.At the top of the hill her speed is 6.0 m/s,and her speed doubles as she rides down the hill.The hill is 15.0 m high and 105 m long.How much kinetic energy and potential energy is lost to friction?

A)4.3E+3 J
B)7.6E+3 J
C)3.5E+3 J
D)4.4E+3 J
E)4.2E+3 J

Question 52

An Olympic skier moving at 19.5 m/s down a 17.0° slope encounters a region of wet snow,of coefficient of friction μ_k = 0.740.How far down the slope does she go before stopping?

A)56.7 m
B)46.7 m
C)56.1 m
D)36.7 m
E)37.4 m

Question 53

A box is launched up a frictionless incline with an angle of elevation θ.The maximum height reached by the box is h.The box is again launched up the incline with the same initial speed it had before,but this time the angle of elevation has been increased to φ.How does the maximum height H reached this time by the box compare with the previous value h?

A)H = h
B)H > h
C)H < h
D)H​ = ((sinφ)/(sinθ))

Question 54

A girl and her bicycle have a total mass of 42 kg.At the top of the hill her speed is 4.00 m/s.The hill is 14.3 m high and 112 m long.If the force of friction as she rides down the hill is 20 N,what is her speed at the bottom?

A)4.00 m/s
B)15.8 m/s
C)13.8 m/s
D)63.1 m/s
E)She stops before she reaches the bottom.

Question 55

A 2.50-kg projectile is launched at an angle of 20.0° above the horizontal with an initial speed of 100 m/s from the top of a building 40 m high.If the projectile is traveling 85.0 m/s at its maximum height of 47.0 m,how much work has been done on the projectile by air friction?

A)-3.3E+3 J
B)1.7E+2 J
C)-3.5E+3 J
D)2.4E+4 J

Question 56

A pole vaulter clears 3.98 m.With what speed does he strike the mat in the landing area?

A)78.0 m/s
B)6.25 m/s
C)8.83 m/s
D)4.42 m/s
E)0.226 m/s

Question 57

A simple pendulum,2.6 m in length,is released with a push when the support string is at an angle of 45.0° from the vertical.If the initial speed of the suspended mass is 1.25 m/s when at the release point,what is its speed at the bottom of the swing? (g = 9.8 m/s²)

A)4.1 m/s.
B)3.9 m/s
C)4.1 m/s
D)16 m/s
E)7.2 m/s

Question 58

A bobsled makes a run down an ice track starting at 250 m vertical distance up the hill.If there is no friction,what is the velocity at the bottom of the hill?

A)35.0 m/s
B)49.5 m/s
C)46.7 m/s
D)70.0 m/s
E)58.3 m/s

Question 59

When an object is dropped from a tower,what is the effect of the air resistance as it falls?

A)does positive work
B)increases the object's kinetic energy
C)increases the object's potential energy
D)None of the above choices are valid.

Question 60

A simple pendulum,2.0 m in length,is released by a push when the support string is at an angle of 25° from the vertical.If the initial speed of the suspended mass is 1.6 m/s when at the release point,to what maximum angle will it move in the second half of its swing?

A)86.3°
B)32.8°
C)39.1°
D)83°
E)180°

Question 61

Preston pushes a wheelbarrow weighing 480 N to the top of a 45.0-m ramp,inclined at 22.0° with the horizontal,and leaves it.Tamara accidentally bumps the wheelbarrow.It slides back down the ramp,during which an 85.0-N frictional force acts on it over the 45.0 m.What is the wheelbarrow's kinetic energy at the bottom at of the ramp? (g = 9.8 m/s²)

A)1.4E+3 J
B)1.6E+4 J
C)1.2E+4 J
D)8.1E+3 J
E)4.3E+3 J

Question 62

A pile driver drives a post into the ground.The mass of the pile driver is 2 600 kg and it is dropped through a height of 9.0 m on each stroke.If the resisting force of the ground is 4.0 × 10⁶ N,how far is the post driven in on each stroke?

A)9.2E+1 cm
B)5.9E-3 cm
C)7.1E-4 cm
D)5.7E-2 cm

Question 63

By how much is the energy stored in a Hooke's law spring increased when its stretch is increased from 7.00 cm to 15.00 cm?

A)159%
B)259%
C)359%
D)459%
E)The correct answer is not given.

Question 64

A Hooke's law spring is compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m vertically to a height h above its starting position.Under the same compression d,the spring is now used to launch a mass of 2m.How high does this second mass rise?

A)h
B)h/2
C)h/
D)h/4

Question 65

A Hooke's law spring is mounted horizontally over a frictionless surface.The spring is then compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m along the frictionless surface.What compression of the spring would result in the mass attaining 4 times the speed received in the situation described here?

A)2.00d
B)0.50d
C)4.00d
D)16.00d

Question 66

A Hooke's law spring is compressed a distance d and is used to launch a particle of mass m vertically to a height h above its starting position.Under double the compression,the spring is now used to launch a particle of mass 2m.How high does the second mass rise above its starting position?

A)h
B)2h
C)3h
D)4h

Question 67

Adisa pulls a 35.0-N crate up a 4.00-m-long inclined plane at a constant velocity.If the plane is inclined at an angle of 39.0° to the horizontal and there is a constant force of friction of 13.0 N between the crate and the surface,what is the net change in potential energy of the crate?

A)88 J
B)−88 J
C)109 J
D)−109 J
E)None of these

Question 68

A Hooke's law spring is mounted horizontally over a frictionless surface.The spring is then compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m along the frictionless surface.What compression of the spring would result in the mass attaining double the kinetic energy received in the above situation?

A)1.41d
B)1.73d
C)2.00d
D)4.00d

Question 69

A Hooke's law spring is compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m vertically to a height h above its starting position.Under double the compression,the spring is now used to launch the mass.How high does the mass now rise above its starting position?

A)2h
B) h
C)3h
D)4h

Question 70

I drop a 55-g golf ball from 2.50 m high.It rebounds to 1.65 m.How much energy is lost?

A)0.46 J
B)4.6 J
C)0.51 J
D)0.41 J
E)0

Question 71

Three different-mass projectiles are launched from the top of a building each at different angles of elevation.Each particle has the same initial kinetic energy.Which particle has the greatest kinetic energy just as it impacts with the ground?

A)The one launched at the highest angle of elevation.
B)The one with the highest mass.
C)The one with the lowest mass.
D)They all will have the same kinetic energy on impact.

Question 72

A spring with spring constant k is used to launch a mass m up a frictionless inclined plane having angle of elevation θ.What is the maximum height reached above the starting elevation of the mass during the motion of the mass if the spring is compressed a distance d before launch?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 73

A 2 500-kg ore car rolls 55.0 m down a frictionless 10.0° incline.If there is a horizontal spring at the end of the incline,what spring constant is required to stop the ore car in a distance of 2.10 m?

A)1.1E+5 kN/m
B)4.5E+5 kN/m
C)2.8E+6 kN/m
D)2.4E+5 kN/m
E)2.4E+4 kN/m

Question 74

A parachutist of mass 50.0 kg jumps out of an airplane at a height of 1 040 m.The parachute deploys,and she lands on the ground with a speed of 4.0 m /s.How much energy was lost to air friction during this jump?

A)4.0E+2 J
B)8.2E+4 J
C)4.3E+5 J
D)5.1E+5 J
E)6.4E+5 J

Question 75

A 35.0-N crate is pulled up a 4.0-m inclined plane by a worker at constant velocity.If the plane is inclined at an angle of 37° to the horizontal and there exists a constant frictional force of 25.0 N between the crate and the surface,what is the force applied by the worker?

A)zero
B)3.95 N
C)21.1 N
D)46.1 N
E)84.2 N

Question 76

A Hooke's law spring is compressed 12.0 cm from equilibrium and the potential energy stored is 52.0 J.What is the spring constant in this case?

A)7 220 N/m
B)3 610 N/m
C)72.2 N/m
D)0.722 N/m
E)No answer is correct.

Question 77

In a problem using energy considerations to solve for the speed of a ball thrown from the top of a building when it strikes the ground below,where should the potential energy have its zero value?

A)It should be at the level from where the ball is thrown.
B)It should be at the ground level where the ball hits.
C)It should be slightly below ground level so the potential energy is always positive.
D)It doesn't matter since only differences in potential energy matter in solutions.

Question 78

The SI units for k,the spring constant,are equivalent to:

A)J.
B)J / N.
C)kg / s².
D)None of the above.

Question 79

A Hooke's law spring is compressed 14.6 cm from equilibrium,and the potential energy stored is 76.0 J.What compression (as measured from equilibrium)would result in 100 J being stored in this case?

A)11.8 cm
B)16.7 cm
C)43.8 cm
D)33.5 cm
E)No answer is correct.

Question 80

When a Hooke's law spring is stretched a distance 3x,how much is the increase in energy stored in it from when it was stretched a distance x? Give your answer in terms of a multiple of the energy stored in the spring when it is stretched a distance x.

A)It is 3 times as much.
B)It is 8 times as much.
C)It is 4 times as much.
D)It is 9 times as much.