Deck 26: Relativity

Question 1

Einstein's theory of relativity is based in part on which one of the following postulates?

A)Mass and energy are equivalent.
B)Space and time are absolutes.
C)Energy is conserved only in elastic collisions.
D)Speed of light in a vacuum is same for all observers regardless of source velocity.

Answer 1

Speed of light in a vacuum is same for all observers regardless of source velocity.

Question 2

The speed of light is equal to

A)5.28 × 10⁷ miles per hour.
B)one meter per nanosecond.
C)one light-year per year.
D)none of the above.

Answer 2

one light-year per year.

Question 3

A mass is bouncing on the end of a spring with a period T when measured by a ground observer.What would the period of oscillation be (as measured by the same observer)if the mass and spring were moving past the ground observer at a speed of 0.9c?

A)5.3 T
B)0.40 T
C)3.2 T
D)2.3 T
E)​1.1 T

Answer 3

2.3 T

Question 4

The experiment that dispelled the idea that light travels in the ether is called the

A)Michelson-Morley experiment.
B)Hafele and Keating experiment.
C)Fitzgerald-Kennedy experiment.
D)twin paradox.

Question 5

Doubling the momentum of

A)a particle doubles its relativistic total energy.
B)a particle quadruples its relativistic total energy.
C)a photon doubles its relativistic total energy.
D)a photon quadruples its relativistic total energy.

Question 6

Which characterizes the main result of the Michelson-Morley experiment?

A)verified the existence of ether
B)involved measuring the speed of sound from a moving source
C)detected no difference in the speed of light regardless of speed of the source relative to observer
D)was designed purposely to verify Einstein's theory of relativity

Question 7

I am stationary in a reference system but if my reference system is not an inertial reference system,then,relative to me,a system that is an inertial reference system must

A)remain at rest.
B)move with constant velocity.
C)be accelerating.
D)be none of the above.

Question 8

According to the special theory of relativity,if a 30-year old astronaut sent on a space mission is accelerated to speeds close to that of light,and then returns to Earth after 20 years as measured on Earth,what would be his biological age upon returning?

A)less than 50 years
B)50 years
C)more than 50 years
D)exactly 100 years

Question 9

What is proper time?

A)Proper time is the time measured by a clock at rest with respect to the observer.
B)Proper time is time based on your actual longitude,not your time zone.
C)Proper time is the time given on your GPS.
D)Proper time means standard time as opposed to daylight savings time.

Question 10

The observed relativistic length of a super rocket moving by the observer at 0.70c will be what factor times that of the measured rocket length if it were at rest?

A)0.55
B)0.71
C)0.51
D)1.4
E)​1.8

Question 11

According to the special theory of relativity,which of the following happens to the length of an object,measured in the dimension parallel to the motion of its inertial frame of reference,as the velocity of this frame increases with respect to a stationary observer?

A)length increases
B)length decreases
C)length remains constant
D)length vanishes to zero when velocity equals half speed of light

Question 12

The period of a pendulum is 1.5 s in a stationary inertial frame of reference.What is its period when measured by an observer moving at a speed of 0.75 c with respect to the inertial frame of reference?

A)1.0 s
B)3.4 s
C)2.3 s
D)3.0 s
E)​0.8 s

Question 13

That the speed of light in a vacuum has the same value for all inertial frames is

A)inconsistent with the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment.
B)consistent with the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment.
C)not related to the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment.
D)not true.

Question 14

Which statement regarding Einstein's theories is correct?​

A)​According to special relativity,moving clocks run more slowly than those at rest,and according to general relativity,clocks higher in a gravity field run more quickly..
B)​According to special relativity,moving clocks run more quickly than those at rest,and according to general relativity,clocks higher in a gravity field also run more quickly..
C)​According to special relativity,moving clocks run more quickly than those at rest,and according to general relativity,clocks higher in a gravity field run more slowly..
D)​According to special relativity,moving clocks run more quickly than those at rest,and according to general relativity,clocks higher in a gravity field also run more quickly.

Question 15

The Michelson-Morley experiment was designed to make use of ________ to find the motion of the Earth relative to the luminiferous ether.

A)sound waves
B)interference fringes
C)electromagnetic wind
D)none of the above

Question 16

According to the special theory of relativity,which of the following happens to the size of the time interval between two events occurring in an inertial frame of reference as the frame's velocity with respect to the observer increases?

A)interval increases
B)interval decreases
C)interval remains constant
D)interval vanishes to zero when velocity equals half speed of light

Question 17

A spaceship,which has length 35 m and width 16 m when at rest,is moving in a direction along its length at a speed where its length contraction results in a 28-m length measured by a stationary observer.What would the measured width be in this case?

A)between 18 and 20 m
B)16 m
C)13 m
D)less than 13 m
E)​20 m

Question 18

According to a postulate of Einstein,which of the following describes the nature of the laws of physics as one observes processes taking place in various inertial frames of reference?

A)Laws are same only in inertial frames with zero velocity.
B)Laws are same only in inertial frames moving at low velocities.
C)Laws are same only in inertial frames moving at near speed of light.
D)Laws are same in all inertial frames.

Question 19

The relativistic effect of time dilation has been verified by which of the following?

A)the discovery of black holes
B)muon experiments
C)twin experiments
D)red shift in distant galaxies

Question 20

The significant result of the Michelson-Morley experiment was that it found

A)the ether moved with the Sun.
B)the ether moved with the Earth.
C)the speed of the ether wind was greater than expected.
D)no effect.

Question 21

A muon formed high in Earth's atmosphere travels at a speed 0.960c for a distance (as we see it)of 4500 m before it decays.How far does the muon travel as measured in its frame?

A)2520 m
B)16,100 m
C)4320 m
D)1260 m
E)​4500 m

Question 22

How fast would a rocket have to move past a ground observer if the latter were to observe a 9.4% length shrinkage in the rocket length? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)2.98 × 10⁸ m/s
B)2.72 × 10⁸ m/s
C)1.27 × 10⁸ m/s
D)0.420 × 10⁸ m/s
E)​0.920 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 23

A tuning fork has a frequency of 300 Hz and hence a period of 3.33 × 10−³ s.If the tuning fork is in an inertial frame of reference moving by the observer at speed of 0.620 c,what is the frequency of the fork as measured by the observer? (Assume that measurements are strictly by optical means and that the speed of sound waves in air is not pertinent here).

A)235 Hz
B)382 Hz
C)185 Hz
D)185 Hz.
E)​487 Hz

Question 24

A meter stick moving in a direction parallel to its length appears to be only 43.6 cm long to an observer.What is the meter stick's speed relative to the observer? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)2.25 × 10⁸ m/s
B)1.69 × 10⁸ m/s
C)2.70 × 10⁸ m/s
D)1.31 × 10⁸ m/s
E)​2.95 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 25

An astronaut at rest has a heart rate of 68 beats/min.What will her heart rate be as measured by an Earth observer when the astronaut's spaceship goes by the Earth at a speed of 0.76c?

A)105 beats/min
B)52 beats/min
C)33 beats/min
D)139 beats/min
E)​44 beats/min

Question 26

A mass is bouncing on the end of a spring with a period T when measured by a ground observer.What would the period of oscillation be (as measured by the same observer)if the mass and spring were moving past the ground observer at a speed of 0.600c?

A)0.440 T
B)1.25 T
C)0.600 T
D)1.67 T

Question 27

A rocket ship is 87.0 m in length when measured before leaving the launching pad.What would its velocity be if a ground observer measured its length as 62.0 m while it is in flight? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)1.61 × 10⁸ m/s
B)2.14 × 10⁸ m/s
C)1.48 × 10⁸ m/s
D)2.10 × 10⁸ m/s
E)​1.91 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 28

An astronaut is traveling at a high rate of speed from the Earth to a distant star system.Observers here on Earth note the relativistic effect that the astronaut's clocks run slow.What relativistic effect,if any,does the astronaut observe?

A)Her pulse rate slows.
B)The distance from the Earth to the star system has decreased.
C)Her clocks run faster.
D)There is no relativistic effect to be observed by the astronaut since she is the one doing the moving.

Question 29

A knight on horseback holds a 9.0-m lance.The horse can run at 0.75c.(It wins most of its races!)How long will the lance appear to a person that is standing still on the ground as the horse runs past?

A)6.0 m
B)14 m
C)9 m
D)6.8 m
E)​4.5 m

Question 30

If astronauts could travel at v = 0.95c,we on Earth would say it takes (4.2/0.95)= 4.4 years to reach Alpha Centauri,4.2 lightyears away.The astronauts disagree.How much time passes on the astronaut's clocks?

A)1.4 years
B)14.1 years
C)4.0 years
D)1.3 years
E)​0.4 years

Question 31

A space probe has a 24.7-m length when measured at rest.What length does an observer at rest measure when the probe is going by at a speed of 0.860c?

A)25.2 m
B)6.43 m
C)9.19 m
D)12.6 m

Question 32

Our best measurements from Earth indicate that the star system Alpha Centauri is 4.2 lightyears away.Suppose some of our astronauts traveled there at a speed v = 0.80c.What would the astronauts measure as the distance to Alpha Centauri?

A)3.1 lightyears
B)7.0 lightyears
C)8.8 lightyears
D)2.5 lightyears
E)​2.7 lightyears

Question 33

A space probe is 15.6 m in length when measured at rest.What length does an observer at rest measure when the probe is going by at a speed of 0.740c?

A)23.2 m
B)10.5 m
C)8.0 m
D)11.5 m
E)​21.1 m

Question 34

The period of an oscillating weight on a spring in an inertial frame of reference is 2.5 s.What would be its speed if it were to move by an observer who measures its period as 3.4 s? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)1.5 × l0⁸ m/s
B)2.0 × 10⁸ m/s
C)2.8 × l0⁸ m/s
D)6.8 × 10⁷ m/s
E)​1.3 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 35

An Earth observer sees a spaceship at an altitude of 920 m moving downward toward the Earth at a speed of 0.690c.What is the spaceship's altitude as measured by an observer in the spaceship?

A)1270 m
B)512 m
C)1650 m
D)666 m
E)​635 m

Question 36

A spaceship of triangular shape,having a length three times its width,is capable of relativistic speeds.How fast would it have to move so that to a stationary observer its length would equal its width?

A)0.333c
B)0.816c
C)0.943c
D)​0.650c
E)​This is not possible.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is correct?​

A)​Because  for an object in relative motion is always less than 1,a proper time interval Δt_p is always shorter than the time interval Δt and a proper length L_p is always longer than the length L.
B)​Because  for an object in relative motion is always greater than 1,a proper time interval Δt_p is always longer than the time interval Δt and a proper length L_p is always shorter than the length L.
C)​Because  for an object in relative motion is always less than 1,a proper time interval Δt_p is always longer than the time interval Δt and a proper length L_p is always shorter than the length L.
D)​Because  for an object in relative motion is always greater than 1,a proper time interval Δt_p is always shorter than the time interval Δt and a proper length L_p is always longer than the length L.

Question 38

A spaceship is moving away from an observer at relativistic speed.Its length at rest is 100 m,but the observer measures its length as 60 m.A time interval of 84 s on the spaceship would be measured by the observer to be which of the following?

A)50.4 s
B)30.2 s
C)134 s
D)140 s
E)​84 s

Question 39

The short lifetime of muons created in the upper atmosphere of the Earth would not allow them to reach the surface of the Earth unless their lifetime increased by time dilation.From the reference system of the muons,the muons can reach the surface of the Earth because

A)time dilation increases their velocity.
B)time dilation increases their energy.
C)length contraction decreases the distance to the Earth.
D)the relativistic speed of the Earth toward them is added to their velocity.

Question 40

A boxcar without a front or a back is moving toward the right.Two flashes of light move through the boxcar,one moving from back to front toward the right,the other moving from front to back toward the left.A passenger in the boxcar records how long it takes each flash of light to pass from one end of the boxcar to the other end.According to the passenger,which took longer?

A)the flash going from back to front
B)the flash going from front to back
C)They both took the same time.
D)It depends on whether the passenger is sitting at the front or the back of the boxcar.

Question 41

From a stationary position,I observe a moving boxcar,which has a mirror along the front wall,but it is open at the back of the boxcar.I send a flash of light from my flashlight and time the flash of light as it goes to the front of the boxcar and returns to the back of the boxcar.A passenger in the boxcar also times the round trip of the flash of light.Compare the times recorded on our watches.

A)The time recorded on his watch is longer.
B)The time recorded on the two watches is the same.
C)The time recorded on his watch is shorter.
D)The answer depends on the reference system you are in.

Question 42

In a test of equipment the following procedure is carried out.Spacecraft №1 is traveling at 0.75c and fires a laser pulse in the forward direction at Spacecraft №2,which is testing its device that measures the speed of laser pulses as they pass by the spacecraft.Spacecraft №2 is traveling at 0.95c in a direction away from Spacecraft №1.The device is working properly,and the speed of the pulse as it passes is successfully measured.What is the speed of the laser pulse measured in this case?

A)0.80c
B)0.70c
C)c
D)This is a question that cannot be answered without knowing in which reference frames the speeds given in the problem.If you agree,then this is the answer that you should choose.

Question 43

​An unstable particle initially at rest breaks up into two fragments.The mass of one fragment is 1.75 × 10^-28 kg and the mass of the other fragment is 1.25 × 10^-27 kg.The lighter fragment has a speed of speed 0.850c.What is the speed of the heavier fragment?

A)​0.229c
B)​0.119c
C)​0.127c
D)​0.220c

Question 44

A particle of mass m is moving at speed ​v​ = ​c​/2.What is its momentum?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 45

An electron of mass 9.11 × 10−³¹ kg moves with a speed of 0.790c.What is its momentum? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)1.17E-22 kg⋅m/s
B)3.52E-22 kg⋅m/s
C)2.16E-22 kg⋅m/s
D)1.32E-22 kg⋅m/s
E)​2.73E-22 kg·m/s

Question 46

A boxcar without a front or a back is moving toward the right.Two electrons move through the boxcar,one moving from back to front toward the right,the other moving from front to back toward the left.According to me,each electron is moving with a speed of 0.8c,and the boxcar is moving with a speed of 0.6c.A passenger in the boxcar records how long it takes each electron to pass from one end of the boxcar to the other end.According to the passenger,which took longer?

A)the electron going from back to front
B)the electron going from front to back
C)They both took the same time.
D)Since nothing can go faster than light,an electron cannot move toward the left with a speed of 0.8c through a boxcar moving toward the right with a speed of 0.6c.

Question 47

At what speed would a clock have to be moving in order to run at a rate that is one-fourth the rate of a clock at rest?

A)0.87c
B)0.75c
C)0.97​c​
D)0.50c
E)​0.26c

Question 48

If astronauts could travel at v = 0.90c,we on Earth would say it takes (4.2/0.90)= 4.7 years to reach Alpha Centauri,4.2 lightyears away.The astronauts disagree.How much time passes on the astronaut's clocks?

A)2.0 years
B)2.4 years
C)1.4 years
D)3.0 years

Question 49

​What is the relativistic momentum of a proton traveling at 0.97c?

A)​2.00E-18 kg·m/s
B)​2.81E-18 kg·m/s
C)​2.06E-18 kg·m/s
D)​2.89E-18 kg·m/s

Question 50

Including relativistic effects,doubling the speed of a object:

A)doubles its momentum.
B)more than doubles its momentum.
C)less than doubles its momentum.
D)has no effect on its momentum.

Question 51

As measured from the Earth,a spacecraft is moving at speed 0.80c toward another spacecraft moving at speed 0.60c in the same direction,i.e. ,the first spacecraft is catching up with the second spacecraft.What is the speed of the first spacecraft as viewed from the second spacecraft?

A)0.38c
B)-0.20c
C)-0.38c
D)not given

Question 52

The astronaut whose heart rate on Earth is 63 beats/min increases his velocity to v = 0.70c.Now what is his heart rate as measured by an Earth observer?

A)45 beats/min
B)88 beats/min
C)19 beats/min
D)90 beats/min
E)​210 beats/min

Question 53

At what speed is the momentum of an object five times that found classically?

A)0.894c
B)0.960c
C)0.980c
D)0.800c
E)​0.999c

Question 54

As the speed of an object increases,its relativistic momentum:

A)stays the same as its classical momentum.
B)increases more than its classical momentum.
C)increases less than it classical momentum.
D)does not change since momentum is a conserved quantity.

Question 55

A particle of mass m is moving at speed v = c/2.At what speed does the particle have double the momentum that it has at ​v​ = ​c​/2?

A)There is no speed at which the particle can have double the momentum since it would require the particle to move at speed
B)
C)
D)

Question 56

A particle is moving the +x direction at speed c/2.Another particle is moving in the -x direction at speed c/2 toward the first particle.Which of the following best describes the speed of one particle as seen by an observer moving with the other particle?

A)c
B)some value less than 3c/4
C)some value more than 3c/4
D)3c/4

Question 57

From a stationary position,I observe a moving boxcar,which has a mirror along the front wall,but it is open at the back of the boxcar.I send a flash of light from my flashlight and time the flash of light as it goes to the front of the boxcar and returns to the back of the boxcar.A passenger in the boxcar also times the round trip of the flash of light.Previously I had measured the time required for the round trip of a flash of light when the boxcar was stationary,and I call this the stationary time.Which two times are the same?

A)the time recorded on my watch and the previous stationary time
B)the time recorded on the passenger's watch and the previous stationary time
C)the time recorded on my watch and the time recorded on the passenger's watch
D)None of the times are the same.

Question 58

A muon formed high in the Earth's atmosphere travels at a speed 0.870c for a distance of 4.00 km before it decays.What is the muon's lifetime as measured in its reference frame?

A)3.1E-5 s
B)7.6E-6 s
C)1.5E-5 s
D)5.1E-5 s
E)​4.3E-5 s

Question 59

What is the change in relativistic momentum of an electron that accelerates from 0.900c to 0.930c?​

A)​8.63E-23 kg·m/s
B)​1.27E-22 kg·m/s
C)​3.96E-22 kg·m/s
D)​1.83E-22 kg·m/s

Question 60

Muons at speed 0.9995c are sent round and round a circular storage ring of radius 550 m.If a muon at rest decays into other particles after an average T =2.2 × 10−⁶ s,how many trips around the storage ring do we expect the 0.9995c muons to make before they decay?

A)1
B)2
C)12
D)6
E)​131

Question 61

The total energy of a particle

A)is not related to its relativistic momentum.
B)increases with increasing relativistic momentum.
C)decreases with increasing relativistic momentum.
D)is a constant.

Question 62

An unknown particle in an accelerator moving at a speed of 1.50 × 10⁸ m/s has a measured total energy of 3.30 × 10−⁹ J.What is its mass? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)4.23E-26 kg
B)9.17E-27 kg
C)7.78E-26 kg
D)3.18E-26 kg
E)​3.67E-26 kg

Question 63

If a proton with mass 1.67 × 10−²⁷ kg moves in an accelerator such that its total energy is three times its rest energy,what is its speed? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)2.83 × 10⁸ m/s
B)2.45 × 10⁸ m/s
C)2.00 × 10⁸ m/s
D)1.00 × 10⁸ m/s
E)​1.54 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 64

If the mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10−²⁷ kg,what is the rest energy of the proton? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s and 1 eV = 1.6 × 10−¹⁹ J)

A)1.2 × 10⁸ eV
B)3.7 × 10⁸ eV
C)4.1 × 10⁸ eV
D)9.4 × 10⁸ eV

Question 65

A nuclear reaction,which gives off a total of 1.2 × 10¹⁷ J of energy,expends how much mass in the process? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)0.1 kg
B)1.3 kg
C)4.0 kg
D)13.3 kg
E)​7.5 kg

Question 66

As measured from the Earth,a spacecraft is moving at speed 0.80c when it releases a probe at speed 0.60c relative to the spacecraft in a forward direction.What would be the speed of the probe as measured from the Earth?

A)0.70c
B)0.81c
C)c
D)0.95c

Question 67

An object moves by an observer at 0.400c.The total energy of the object will be what factor times that of the rest energy?

A)1.19
B)1.44
C)1.09
D)1.20
E)​1.38

Question 68

If the total energy of an electron in an accelerator is three times its rest energy,what is its speed? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)2.00 × 10⁸ m/s
B)1.30 × 10⁸ m/s
C)1.41 × 10⁸ m/s
D)2.98 × 10⁸ m/s
E)​2.83 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 69

What is the relativistic kinetic energy of an electron moving at a speed of 2.30 × 10⁸ m/s? (electron mass is 9.11 × 10−³¹ kg and c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)4.57E-14 J
B)1.28E-13 J
C)5.26E-14 J
D)3.38E-14 J
E)​8.20E-14 J

Question 70

When a one-megaton nuclear bomb is exploded,approximately 4.0 × 10¹⁵ J of energy is released.How much mass would this represent in a mass-to-energy conversion? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)1.333 × 10⁶ kg
B)0.044 kg
C)0.444 kg
D)3.600 kg
E)​4.0 × 10³ kg

Question 71

Two spaceships are approaching one another,one with speed v​₁ and the other with speed v​₂.Neither speed is 0.Their speed of approach,according to Newtonian mechanics,is ​v​₁ + ​v​₂.Special relativity tells us that the speed of approach

A)is more than the Newtonian value if each speed is more than half the speed of light.
B)is always greater than the Newtonian value.
C)is the same as the Newtonian value if each speed is less than half the speed of light.
D)is always less than the Newtonian value.

Question 72

As measured from the Earth,a spacecraft is moving at speed 0.80c toward a second spacecraft moving at speed 0.60c back toward the first spacecraft.What is the speed of the first spacecraft as viewed from the second spacecraft?

A)0.81c
B)0.95c
C)0.38c
D)0.20c

Question 73

What is the total energy of a proton moving at a speed of 2.4 × 10⁸ m/s? (proton mass is 1.67 × 10−²⁷ kg and c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)1.91E-10 J
B)1.77E-10 J
C)2.51E-10 J
D)2.44E-10 J
E)​9.02E-11 J

Question 74

A proton with mass 1.67 × 10−²⁷ kg moves in an accelerator with a speed of 0.780c.What is its total energy? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)1.50E-10 J
B)3.90E-10 J
C)2.40E-10 J
D)7.51E-19 J
E)​1.28E-18 J

Question 75

At what speed must an object be moving in order that it has a kinetic energy 2.6 times its rest energy? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)2.77 × 10⁸ m/s
B)2.17 × 10⁸ m/s
C)2.88 × 10⁸ m/s
D)1.15 × 10⁸ m/s
E)​2.55 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 76

An electron of mass 9.11 × 10−³¹ kg moves with a speed of 0.630c.What is its total energy? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)6.37E-14 J
B)2.36E-14 J
C)1.63E-14 J
D)1.06E-13 J
E)​1.01E-13 J

Question 77

An electron of mass 9.11 × 10−³¹ kg moves with a speed of 0.660c.What is its kinetic energy? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)2.71E-14 J
B)1.09E-13 J
C)8.20E-14 J
D)1.79E-14 J
E)​2.04E-14 J

Question 78

Suppose an object whose mass is m is moving with a speed of 0.8c.Which is the correct expression for its kinetic energy?

A)K = mv²/2
B)K = γmc²
C)K = (γ − 1)mc²
D)Answers a and c are both correct.

Question 79

A proton with mass 1.67 × 10−²⁷ kg moves in an accelerator with speed of 0.690c.What is its kinetic energy? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)1.50E-10 J
B)5.74E-11 J
C)2.08E-10 J
D)3.58E-11 J
E)​1.09E-10 J

Question 80

A proton with mass 1.67 × 10−²⁷ kg moves with a speed of 0.560c in an accelerator.What is its kinetic energy? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)1.50E-10 J
B)1.81E-10 J
C)3.11E-11 J
D)1.03E-10 J
E)​4.71E-11 J