Deck 3: Elements of Chemistry

Question 1

A chemical reaction is synonymous to a ________.

A) physical reaction
B) change in phase
C) rise in temperature
D) chemical change

Answer 1

chemical change

Question 2

In the winter Vermonters make a tasty treat called "sugar on snow" in which they pour boiled-down maple syrup onto a scoop of clean fresh snow. As the syrup hits the snow it forms a delicious taffy. Which of the following changes are involved in the making of sugar on snow?

A) Boiling down the maple syrup involves the evaporation of water.
B) The syrup warms the snow causing it to melt while the syrup becomes more viscous.
C) As the maple syrup is boiled the sugar within the syrup begins to caramelize, which is an example of a chemical change.
D) All of the above changes are involved in the making of sugar on snow.

Answer 2

All of the above changes are involved in the making of sugar on snow.

Question 3

Water and ethanol can be separated by heating the ethanol until it boils away from the water. What type of change is this?

A) a physical change
B) a chemical change
C) a molecular change
D) a decomposition
E) none of the above

Answer 3

a physical change

Question 4

A skillet is lined with a thin layer of cooking oil followed by a layer of unpopped popcorn kernels. Upon heating the kernels all pop thereby escaping the skillet. Which of the following physical and/or chemical changes occurred?

A) The water within each kernel is heated to the point that it would turn into water vapor as the kernels popped (physical change).
B) The starches within the kernels are cooked by the high temperatures (chemical change).
C) Both A and B occur.
D) Physical and chemical changes cannot occur without a real chemical reaction taking place.

Question 5

Which of the following would be considered a chemical property?

A) reactivity towards water
B) melting temperature
C) boiling temperature
D) conductivity
E) flexibility

Question 6

Classify the following changes as physical or chemical. Wood burns to ashes; water begins to boil; grass grows; a rock is crushed to powder.

A) chemical; physical; chemical; chemical
B) chemical; physical; physical; physical
C) physical; physical; chemical; physical
D) chemical; physical; chemical; physical

Question 7

Is the following transformation representative of a physical change or a chemical change?

A) chemical change because of the formation of elements
B) physical change because a new material has been formed
C) chemical change because the atoms are connected differently
D) physical change because of a change in phase

Question 8

Which of the following would not be considered a physical property?

A) temperature at which a material catches on fire
B) color
C) conductivity
D) hardness
E) temperature at which a material melts

Question 9

Based on the information given in the following diagrams, which substance has the lower boiling point: one made from molecule A or one made from molecule B?

A) molecule A because it is the first to transform into a liquid
B) molecule B because it is first to transform into a liquid
C) molecule A because it remains in the gaseous phase
D) molecule B because it remains in the gaseous phase

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

A) water boiling and being converted into steam
B) water being electrolyzed and being converted in hydrogen and oxygen
C) iron metal reacting with oxygen to form rust
D) a candy bar being digested by a student
E) charcoal being converted into ash

Question 11

The boiling point of methanol is 65°C and the boiling point of ethanol is 78°C. Which of the following statements is true?

A) At 70°C you would have methanol gas and liquid ethanol.
B) At 90°C you would have methanol and ethanol as solids.
C) At 50°C you would have methanol and ethanol as gases.
D) At 40°C the methanol reacts with the ethanol.
E) none of the above

Question 12

The element silicon has a melting point of 1,410°C and a boiling point of 2,355°C. It is a weak conductor of electricity, its density is 2.3 grams per cubic centimeter and it easily forms silicon dioxide when exposed to air. Which of the following is a chemical property of silicon?

A) its ability to conduct electricity
B) its density
C) its melting point
D) its ability to react with oxygen to form silicon dioxide
E) C and D

Question 13

The following image describes what type of change?

A) a chemical change
B) a physical change
C) a change in state
D) no change
E) an elemental change

Question 14

Which of the following is not a chemical change?

A) a rock being crushed to powder
B) grass growing
C) grape juice turning into wine
D) a loaf of bread growing mold
E) wood burning to ash

Question 15

Which of the following would not be considered a chemical property?

A) the temperature at which a liquid will boil
B) light sensitivity
C) whether a metal will rust or not
D) whether a material will dissolve in acid or not
E) the tendency of a material to explode

Question 16

A chemical change involves a change in ________.

A) how atoms are bonded
B) the elements of a molecule
C) phase
D) all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following would be considered a physical property?

A) density
B) flammability
C) corrosion resistance
D) reactivity towards acid
E) oxygen sensitivity

Question 18

Each night you measure your height just before going to bed. When you arise each morning, you measure your height again and consistently find that you are 1 inch taller than you were the night before but only as tall as you were 24 hours ago! Is what happens to your body in this instance best described as a physical change or a chemical change?

A) chemical change because it involves your body
B) physical change because it readily reverses
C) chemical change because it involves changes in your bone structure
D) physical change because water expands as it freezes

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A) gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust
B) water freezing into ice crystals
C) aftershave or perfume on your skin generating a smell
D) a piece of metal expanding when heated, but returning to original size when cooled
E) breaking a glass window

Question 20

The following image describes which type of change?

A) a physical change
B) a chemical change
C) an elemental change
D) a change in reactivity
E) no change

Question 21

Which of these is not a metal?

A) selenium (atomic no. = 34)
B) gallium (atomic no. = 31)
C) lithium (atomic no. = 3)
D) potassium (atomic no. = 19)
E) vanadium (atomic no. = 23)

Question 22

Oxygen, , is certainly good for you. Does it follow that if small amounts of oxygen are good for you then large amounts of oxygen would be especially good for you?

A) Yes. This is the reason patients are given pure (100%) oxygen during medical procedures.
B) Yes. Increased oxygenation of the bloodstream is good for you and can increase your life span.
C) No. Breathing 100% oxygen for extended periods of time can be damaging to the body.
D) No. Large amounts of oxygen will absorb hydrogen from the body and increase the amount of water in the body causing an imbalance in electrolytes.

Question 23

Elements that are in the same ________ have a tendency to have very similar chemical properties due to periodic trends.

A) group
B) period
C) textbook
D) compound
E) row

Question 24

Is aging primarily an example of a physical or chemical change?

A) Aging is an example of a physical change since it involves our physical bodies getting older each day.
B) Aging is an example of a chemical change involving the chemical reformation of our biomolecules.
C) Aging cannot be classified as either a physical or chemical change.
D) None of the above is true.

Question 25

What chemical change occurs when a wax candle burns?

A) The wax near the flame melts.
B) The molten wax is pulled upwards through the wick.
C) The wax within the wick is heated to about 600°C.
D) The heated wax molecules combine with oxygen molecules.

Question 26

Which of the following is a metal?

A) titanium (atomic no. = 22)
B) sulfur (atomic no. = 16)
C) selenium (atomic no. = 34)
D) xenon (atomic no. = 54)
E) helium (atomic no. = 2)

Question 27

Which atom is largest?

A) Rb
B) K
C) Na
D) Li
E) H

Question 28

What are metalloids?

A) elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals
B) elements that are smaller than metals
C) elements found in asteroids
D) elements that are larger than nonmetals
E) elements that have properties different than either the metals or the nonmetals

Question 29

Which of these does not describe a metal at room temperature?

A) gas
B) solid
C) liquid
D) shiny
E) bendable

Question 30

Which of the following is not the name of a chemical family?

A) heavy metals
B) transition metals
C) alkali metals
D) alkaline-earth metals
E) noble gases

Question 31

The atomic symbol for cobalt is ________.

A) Co
B) CO
C) Ct
D) 27

Question 32

Which of the following describes a nonmetal?

A) poor conductor of electricity
B) shiny
C) malleable
D) ductile
E) good conductor of heat

Question 33

Which of the following elements are in the same period as magnesium (Mg)?

A) Cl
B) Ca
C) Mn
D) Sr
E) none of the above

Question 34

Which of these properties describes a metal?

A) conducts heat very well
B) brittle
C) fragile
D) transparent
E) doesn't conduct electricity very well

Question 35

Which of the following images could describe an element at the atomic level?

A)
B)
C)
D) none of the images
E) all of the images

Question 36

Which atom is smallest?

A) Be
B) Mg
C) Ca
D) Sr
E) All are the same size.

Question 37

Which of the following statements best describes an element?

A) a material consisting of only one type of atom
B) a material that is pure
C) a material that has consistent physical properties
D) a material with more than one type of atom
E) a material that has consistent chemical properties

Question 38

A sample of iron weighs more after it rusts because ________.

A) it has expanded into a greater volume
B) rust contains twice as many iron atoms
C) of the additional oxygen it contains
D) Wrong. Iron actually weighs less after it rusts

Question 39

Which of the following elements are in the same group as silicon (Si)?

A) C
B) P
C) As
D) B
E) none of the above

Question 40

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A) antimony (atomic no. = 51)
B) zinc (atomic no. = 30)
C) iodine (atomic no. = 53)
D) uranium (atomic no. = 92)
E) sulfur (atomic no. = 16)

Question 41

Which statement best describes a compound?

A) a material that is made up of a combination of atoms bonded together
B) a mixture of more than one element
C) a mixture of atoms
D) a material that is made up of a single type of atom
E) none of the above

Question 42

Strontium, Sr (number 38), is especially dangerous to humans because it tends to accumulate in calcium-dependent bone marrow tissues (calcium, Ca, number 20). This fact relates to the organization of the periodic table in that strontium and calcium are both ________.

A) metals
B) in group 2 of the periodic table
C) made of relatively large atoms
D) soluble in water

Question 43

Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second element in the periodic table. Rather than being placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium is placed on the far right of the table because ________.

A) hydrogen and helium repel one another
B) the sizes of their atoms are vastly different
C) they come from different sources
D) helium is most similar to other group 18 elements

Question 44

Which chemical family is composed almost entirely of synthetic elements?

A) the actinides
B) the lanthanides
C) the halogens
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 45

Germanium, Ge (number 32), computer chips operate faster than silicon, Si (number 14), computer chips. So how might a gallium, Ga (number 31), chip compare with a germanium chip?

A) A gallium chip would be even faster because the gallium is more metallic.
B) A gallium chip would be slower because its electrons are more loosely held.
C) Gallium is located just below aluminum, which is widely known to be an electrical insulator.
D) Gallium is more nonmetallic and so it does not conduct electrons very well.

Question 46

Which of the following elements is a gas at room temperature?

A) argon (Ar)
B) lead (Pb)
C) cesium (Cs)
D) indium (In)
E) lithium (Li)

Question 47

What happens to the properties of elements across any period of the periodic table?

A) The elements tend to become more metallic in nature since they are increasing in atomic number.
B) The elements get much larger in size because of the addition of more protons and electrons.
C) The properties of the elements gradually change across any period of the periodic table.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 48

Which of the following physical properties would you expect for krypton (Kr)?

A) a gas at room temperature
B) hard
C) brittle
D) shiny
E) conducts electricity

Question 49

The repeating trends that take place when examining the elements are called ________.

A) periodicity
B) the family cycle
C) the metal shift
D) a group conscience
E) none of the above

Question 50

A compound is represented by the ________.

A) elemental formula
B) periodic table
C) chemical formula
D) compoundic symbol

Question 51

Why isn't dirt listed in the periodic table?

A) The periodic table lists only elements made of one kind of material. Dirt is a mixture of elements and compounds.
B) Elements like dirt and air are so common that there is no need to list them in the periodic table.
C) Dirt IS listed in the periodic table but is not easily recognized because it is listed as one of the rare earths with its old scientific name, dysprosium, symbol Dy.
D) None of the above is true.

Question 52

Which of the following elements is an alkali metal?

A) argon (Ar)
B) lead (Pb)
C) cerium (Cr)
D) indium (In)
E) lithium (Li)

Question 53

About how many elements do you have access to as a consumer of market goods?

A) none
B) one
C) ten
D) one hundred

Question 54

Should the periodic table be memorized? Why or why not?

A) Yes. Like the alphabet, we need to memorize the periodic table in order to easily write the language of chemistry.
B) Yes. Without memorizing the periodic table, one would not have any real understanding of how and why chemical compounds are put together.
C) No. The periodic table changes every year. Memorizing it would be a waste of time.
D) No. The periodic table is a reference to be used, not memorized.

Question 55

Which of the following elements is a halogen?

A) argon (Ar)
B) lead (Pb)
C) chlorine (Cl)
D) indium (In)
E) lithium (Li)

Question 56

Which element would have chemical properties the most similar to chlorine (Cl)?

A) Br
B) O
C) Ar
D) S
E) Na

Question 57

Which of the following elements will most likely be shiny and flexible?

A) rhodium (Rh)
B) hydrogen (H)
C) selenium (Se)
D) iodine (I)
E) silicon (Si)

Question 58

Which of the following elements is a transition metal?

A) xenon (Xe)
B) lead (Pb)
C) chlorine (Cl)
D) silver (Ag)
E) lithium (Li)

Question 59

The oldest known elements in the periodic table are the ones ________.

A) with the lowest atomic numbers
B) with the highest atomic numbers
C) that match their Latin names
D) with atomic symbols that match their modern names

Question 60

Which of the following elements is in the fourth period?

A) chromium (Cr)
B) hydrogen (H)
C) beryllium(Be)
D) carbon (C)
E) zirconium (Zr)

Question 61

Each circle represents an atom. Which of the following boxes contains an element? A compound? A mixture?

A) element: A, C; compound: A, B, C; mixture: A, B
B) element: C; compound: A, B; mixture: B
C) element: A, C; compound: A, B; mixture: A
D) element: A, C; compound: A, B; mixture: A, B

Question 62

The systematic names for water, ammonia, and methane are dihydrogen monoxide, O; trihydrogen nitride, N ; and tetrahydrogen carbide, C . Why do most people, including chemists, prefer to use the common names for these compounds?

A) The common names are shorter and easier to pronounce.
B) These compounds are encountered frequently.
C) The common names are more widely known.
D) all of the above

Question 63

Which of the following boxes represents a compound? A B C

A) only A
B) only B
C) only C
D) both A and C

Question 64

What is the name of the following compound? SF₃

A) sulfur trifluoride
B) sulfur fluoride
C) trifluorosulphide
D) fluorine sulphide
E) none of the above

Question 65

How many different elements are in the compound C₆H₁₂O₆?

A) 3
B) 6
C) 24
D) All of the elements are the same.

Question 66

How many atoms of Oxygen (O) are in HClO₄?

A) 5
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 1

Question 67

What is the name of the following compound? CaCl₂

A) calcium chloride
B) carbon chloride
C) dichlorocalcium
D) calc two
E) dicalcium chloride

Question 68

If you have one molecule of CO_2, how many molecules of O₂ does it contain?

A) None, O₂ is a different molecule than CO_2.
B) One, CO₂ is a mixture of C and O_2.
C) Two, CO₂ is a mixture of C and 2 O.
D) Three, CO₂ contains three molecules.
E) none of the above

Question 69

Oxygen atoms are used to make water molecules. Does this mean that oxygen, , and water, O, have similar properties?

A) Yes, and this explains how fish are able to breathe water.
B) Yes, but that their properties are similar is only a coincidence.
C) No, but their similar properties are only a coincidence.
D) No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they're made.

Question 70

The following image represents which kind of matter?

A) a mixture
B) a compound
C) an element
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 71

The four substances below are either elements or compounds. Which are which?

A) elements: ; compounds:
B) elements: ; compounds:
C) elements: ; compounds:
D) elements: ; compounds:

Question 72

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

A) A mixture can be physically separated into its components; a compound cannot be physically separated into its components.
B) A compound can be physically separated into its components; a mixture cannot be physically separated into its components.
C) A compound is just a mixture of elements.
D) The components of a mixture do not have the same properties individually as they do when mixed.
E) The components of a compound have the same properties individually as they do when mixed.

Question 73

The following image represents which kind of matter?

A) a compound
B) a mixture
C) an element
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 74

How many atoms are in one molecule of Na₂SO₄?

A) 7
B) 2
C) 4
D) 3
E) 24

Question 75

A combination of two or more substances in which they no longer retain their chemical properties is called a(n) ________.

A) mixture
B) compound
C) heterogeneous mixture
D) periodic trend
E) suspension

Question 76

If you have two molecules of TiO_2, how many oxygen atoms would you have?

A) 4
B) 2
C) 3
D) 6
E) none

Question 77

What is the name of the following compound? NaF

A) sodium fluoride
B) natural fosfate
C) natrium fluoride
D) nitrogen afleck
E) sodium phosphide

Question 78

Which of the following is a mixture?

A) air
B) gold
C) salt
D) iron
E) helium

Question 79

If you eat metallic sodium or inhale chlorine gas, you stand a strong chance of dying. Let these two elements react with each other, however, and you can safely sprinkle the compound on your popcorn for better taste. What is going on?

A) After these two elements react they lose the potential energy to cause harm.
B) All elements are inherently dangerous
C) Sodium and chlorine from the elemental form is more concentrated than the sodium and chlorine we get from sodium chloride.
D) Sodium chloride has nothing in common with the properties of the elements sodium and chlorine.

Question 80

What is the name of the following compound? CO₂

A) carbon dioxide
B) dicobalt
C) dioxocarbon
D) calcium oxide
E) calcium dioxide