Deck 2: Development of the Safety and Health Function

Question 1

13.What is the principal disadvantage of accident cause analysis?

Answer 1

It is the after-the -fact.

Question 2

17.What organization estimates the annual costs of occupational injuries on a national basis,and what are recent estimates of this figure.

Answer 2

The National Safety Council estimates these costs and reports them in their annual publication Injury Facts.Recent estimates place total annual costs for occupational injuries alone at over $164 billion.(

Question 3

18.Studies by Simonds and Grimaldi and Imre estimate hidden costs of accidents by dividing cases into four categories.Name these categories of hidden costs:

Answer 3

1.First-aid cases

Question 4

4.A 65-employee firm has the following injury and illness record for the year:
Case 1 - Work-related injury;no workdays lost
Case 2 - Work-related illness;5 days away from work
Case 3 - Work-related injury;one workday away from work;nine more days in restricted work activity
Case 4 - Injury;able to stay at work,but for two weeks employee was unable to do regular job and was assigned to another one.
Case 5 - Illness;not work-related

Question 5

3.Calculate the LWDI for a firm that has 15 employees and for the year has had 11 work-related injury cases,each of which involved one or more lost workdays?

A)73.3
B)36.5
C)8.6
D)indeterminate from the data supplied.

Question 6

2.Calculate the LWDI for a firm that has 40 employees and for the year has had 12 work-related injury cases,each involving one or more lost workdays?

A)12
B)30
C)16.5
D)indeterminate from the data supplied.

Question 7

10.Examine the OSHA 300 Log and construct the OSHA 300a Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses on the form provided.Assume that this firm has 200 employees and all employees worked for the entire year.Calculate the LWDI.

Question 8

6.Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of forming committees to identify hazards and make suggestions for resolution of these hazards.

Question 9

12.Describe the fatality case study presented in the text in which the fatality would have been easily prevented by accident cause analysis of a previous near-fatality which occurred only a week earlier.

Question 10

1.For the year a firm with 30 employees has two injuries,one of which involved lost workdays,and four illnesses,all of which involved lost workdays.Calculate the LWDI.

Question 11

20.Workers Compensation premiums are a significant portion of the hidden costs of accidents.

Question 12

9.Place an entry in the attached OSHA 300 Log for the following Case File.If the case file is not recordable write "Not recordable" on the line.
Case File 11--Tenosynovitis victim undergoes carpal tunnel surgery.The employee is away from work all day Tuesday,May 6,and returns to work Friday morning,May 9,at the regular time for her shift.However,due to the surgery she is given an alternate job beginning on the Friday that she returns to work,and she stays on that alternate job until Monday morning,June 2,when she returns to her regular job.

Question 13

16.Recent estimates by the National Safety Council place the annual cost of U.S.occupational injuries alone at approximately

A)154 million
B)5.5 billion
C)164 billion
D)1.2 trillion

Question 14

15.Briefly summarize the findings of the 1993 NSC study regarding a specific issue of OSHA

Question 15

7.On February 1,a firm posts its annual OSHA 300A Summary for the previous year as shown below. For purposes of this exercise,assume that both of the illnesses (listed in M(5))were in the category of lost workdays (Category H - cases with days away from work).
Calculate:
(a)LWDI:

Question 16

11 What method of training is considered most effective?

Question 17

8.The text describes a type of analysis that is said to be the "single most effective method of training workers to avoid injury and illness." Name this analysis and describe its advantages and its primary disadvantage.

Question 18

5.The standard OSHA total injury/illness rate is scaled for:

A)1,000,000 work-hours
B)a 50-employee firm for one year
C)a 100-employee firm for one year
D)a 500-employee firm for one year

Question 19

19.What is the National Safety Council estimate of the average total cost of a worker fatality?

Question 20

14.What specific OSHA

Question 21

31.OSHA limits its enforcement of the Bloodborne Pathogens standard to the health care professions.

Question 22

23.The hidden costs of accidents are considered the "tip of the iceberg" when compared to the rising levels of Workers' Compensation costs.

Question 23

27.What two facets of a drug or alcohol abuse program are suggested by the text?

Question 24

21.Workers Compensation premiums have grown in recent years to become a more significant percentage of total payroll.

Question 25

40.Explain the concept of "experience modifier" as used in the context of this course.Exactly what is modified? Give an example of a "good" and a "bad" experience modifier.Finally,illustrate the application of the experience modifier in a fictitious numerical example.

Question 26

33.Under what circumstances does OSHA require the employer to have a written exposure control plan for bloodborne pathogens?

A)Only in hospitals and health care facilities.
B)Only in establishments that have 10 or more employees who may be exposed.
C)Only in establishments that have 1 or more employees who may be exposed.
D)None of the above;a written plan is not required.

Question 27

34.Dealing with "sharps" is a principal consideration in which of the OSHA standards?

Question 28

35.Describe the circumstances under which an employer should be concerned with the development of a written exposure control plan for bloodborne pathogens.

Question 29

26.Which of the following costs are covered by Workers Compensation insurance?

A)Cost of wages paid supervisors for time required for activities necessitated by the accident.
B)Overtime wages for the time needed to make up lost production.
C)Wage cost caused by decreased output of injured worker after return to work.
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 30

32.Explain the circumstances under which OSHA prohibits the handling of contact lenses,and explain why.

Question 31

36.Which of the following is the principal question to be asked to determine whether a firm is covered by OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens standard?

A)Does the firm have 10 or more employees?
B)Is the firm a hospital,clinic,or other healthcare facility?
C)Does the facility deal with "sharps," such as needles or broken glass?
D)Will workers be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials?

Question 32

29.Name the two infectious viruses that are the target of OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens standard.

Question 33

38.What is the principal hazard from improper disposal of "sharps" in the workplace?

Question 34

28.What 1990 law protects disabled persons from job discrimination?

Question 35

41.The standard insurance premium for a firm in a particular industry is $760,000 per year,based upon its type of industry and number of employees.However,the firm has an "experience modifier" of 0.95.Calculate the adjusted insurance premium for this firm.

Question 36

37.The Workers' Compensation premium rates,as a percent of payroll,are greater for roofing workers than for department store workers,as might be expected.The ratio of these percentages is approximately

A)two to one
B)three to one
C)ten to one
D)100 to one

Question 37

24.Due to recent significant increases,Workers' Compensation costs have been found to exceed the hidden costs of accidents.

Question 38

39.Which of the following statements describes the status of the control of smoking in the workplace?

A)OSHA has issued a final standard entitled "Indoor Air Quality" that addresses smoking and other air quality hazards in the workplace.
B)Smoking in the workplace comes under the jurisdiction of the EPA,not OSHA
C)OSHA has issued guidelines and proposed air quality standards,but has not promulgated a standard addressing smoking in the workplace.
D)Congress exempted smoking in the workplace in the drafting of OSHA's authority under the OSHA law.

Question 39

30.The primary at-risk occupations for bloodborne pathogens are the health care professions.

Question 40

22.Despite significantly higher premium rates for Workers' Compensation insurance in recent years,these costs are still considered as the "tip of the iceberg" when considering the total costs of accidents.

Question 41

47 There has been experimentation in privatization of state worker's compensation programs.Which state was the first to privatize?

Question 42

50 DART is a measure of the number of cases involving days away from work after an injury.

Question 43

4.A 82-employee firm has the following injury and illness record for the year:
Case 1 - Work-related injury;transferred to another job for 10 days
Case 2 - Work-related illness;3 days away from work
Case 3 - Work-related injury;one workday away from work;nine more days in restricted work activity
Case 4 - Injury;able to stay at work,but for two weeks employee was unable to do regular job and was assigned to another one.
Case 5 - Illness;not work-related
a.
a.Calculate the DAFWII.
b.Calculate the DART.

Question 44

45 Where did worker's compensation first come about?

A)United States
B)Canada
C)Europe
D)Great Britain

Question 45

51 Which metric does OSHA most often use to determine which high hazard industries to prioritize for inspections?

Question 46

53 What are the four metrics that are in use to set inspection priorities?

Question 47

44 What is the main premise of worker's compensation?

Question 48

42.What size firm are the OSHA recordkeeping incidence rates scaled to represent? Explain.

Question 49

46 What is the unit of measure for worker's compensation?

Question 50

48 Which of the following are included in Total Recordable Cases (TRC)?

A)Injuries
B)Illnesses
C)Fatalities
D)Ergonomic Injuries

Question 51

43.A firm is exempt from OSHA recordkeeping requirements only if:

A)It has been notified by the BLS that it is exempt.
B)It has 10 or fewer employees AND it has been told by BLS that it is exempt.
C)It has 10 or fewer employees AND it has NOT been told by BLS that it is not exempt.
D)Never.OSHA recordkeeping is required for ALL firms.

Question 52

49 The Days Away From Work Injury and Illness Case Rate (DAFWII)does not include fatalities.

Question 53

56 Needle sticks are not required to be recorded on the OSHA Form 300 log.

Question 54

55 What level of hearing loss is considered a recordable injury by OSHA?

Question 55

52 The Standard Industrial Classification is being replaced by the North American Industry Classification System.

Question 56

54 Hearing loss is not considered a recordable injury by OSHA.