Deck 8: Ergonomics

Question 1

15.The NIOSH manual "Work Practices for Manual Lifting" urges employers to provide back belts for workers who do heavy manual lifting.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

1.Which of the following OSHA standards was overturned by the U.S.Congress?

A)Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals
B)Asbestos
C)Safety Systems Management Committees
D)Ergonomics

Answer 2

D

Question 3

7.Pushing a lever forward usually means "engage" or "go" instead of "disengage" or "stop."

Answer 3

True

Question 4

6.Describe an example in which long-accepted,but somewhat contradictory,principles of machine design have led to confusion on the part of the human operator.

Question 5

12.One area of ergonomics in which OSHA has been successful in promulgating a specific standard is in the control of hot and cold temperatures in the work environment.

Question 6

8.Which of the following is not generally recognized as a facet within the field of ergonomics?

A)placement of critical controls in vehicle cockpits
B)design of the vehicle/operator human interface
C)workplace design to reduce WMSDs
D)fault tree analysis

Question 7

18.The landmark NIOSH studies on back belts have shown that:

A)mandatory use of back belts is more effective than voluntary use.
B)voluntary use of back belts is more effective than mandatory use.
C)the incidence of "self-reported back pain" is related to failure of employees to use back belts.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 8

11.Explain what a machine logic control system should do when a malfunction in the operation of the machine causes the automatic sequence to become unsafe.

Question 9

19.NIOSH studies have concluded that:

A)back belts help to reduce back injuries due to manual lifting.
B)back belts actually do more harm than good.
C)neither of the above.
D)all of the above.

Question 10

16.NIOSH studies have found a strong statistical correlation between the use of back belts and decreased incidence of workers' compensation claims.

Question 11

4.Which of the following is most recognized as a facet of ergonomics,as applied to vehicle safety?
a.tribology
b.design of cockpit features for interface between driver and vehicle
c.failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
d.fault tree analysis

Question 12

13.In which of the following areas of control of the work environment has OSHA been successful in promulgating a standard?

A)working in excessive heat
B)working in extreme cold
C)working underwater
D)working in outer space

Question 13

9.Consideration of the principles of ergonomics should be included in any engineering approach to addressing equipment hazards.

Question 14

20.NIOSH studies found that:

A)back belts help to reduce back injuries due to manual lifting.
B)back belts could not be shown to be of any benefit in preventing back injuries.
C)back belts actually do more harm than good.
D)none of the above.
E)all of the above.

Question 15

5.One of the motivations to employ ergonomics experts in vehicle design is the existence of notorious examples of the failure of the failure of designers to consider the human interface.

Question 16

3.Ergonomics forces managers to deal with the fact that in order to achieve reduction in injuries and illnesses human performance must be sacrificed.
a.true
b.false

Question 17

14.OSHA's standard for manual lifting relies heavily on the NIOSH lifting formula.

Question 18

21.The OSHA standard for manual lifting is the most frequently cited standard in the OSHA standards subpart for Material Handling.

Question 19

17.The landmark NIOSH studies on back belts have shown no significant difference in the incidence of workers' compensation claims:

A)between workers who are required to wear back belts and those who are not required to do so.
B)between workers who wear back belts everyday vs.those who never wear them or,if they do wear them,do so only occasionally.
C)both of the above.
D)none of the above.

Question 20

10.Describe an example of ergonomics applied to the safety of factory machines.

Question 21

41.Describe the administrative procedure of "ramp-in":

Question 22

28.Which of the following facets of the field of ergonomics currently receives the most attention by safety and health managers?

A)ergonomic vehicle design for human performance
B)designing safety features in workplace machines
C)controlling the work environment
D)manual lifting
E)workplace musculoskeletal disorders

Question 23

27.Which of the following human characteristics is inappropriate to consider in the modification of the workplace to accommodate human variation.

A)strength (as in lifting capability)
B)age
C)height
D)vision problems
E)hearing problems

Question 24

36.Certain industries have particular problems with WMSDs,but one area of concern touches almost every industry.What is this area of concern?

Question 25

31.Which of the following is not considered a workplace musculoskeletal disorder?

A)CTS
B)RSI
C)CTD
D)ANSI

Question 26

44.Describe two types of administrative or work practice controls to reduce WMSDs.

Question 27

33.Which of the following has received a landmark citation by OSHA in the area of ergonomics?

A)a maker of biscuits
B)a sheet metal fabricator
C)a discount retail store
D)a foundry

Question 28

24.Which of the following is the most desirable method of reducing back injuries?

A)provide mechanical lifting aids
B)require workers to wear back belts
C)screen personnel for the job
D)train employees in proper lifting techniques

Question 29

35.What industry,part of the meatpacking industry,has been the subject of considerable enforcement activity in the area of ergonomics?

Question 30

38.OSHA actually promulgated an ergonomics standard in the late twentieth century,but it had a short life.

Question 31

30.Explain the difference between the terms MSDS and MSDs.

Question 32

42."Ramp-in" is considered which of the following:

A)an engineering control
B)an administrative control
C)personal protective equipment
D)none of the above

Question 33

37.What stopgap measure has been used to enforce ergonomics hazards in the absence of a specific OSHA standard for ergonomics?

Question 34

32.Which of the following is considered a form of MSD?

A)SARS
B)RECRA
C)CTS
D)hypocondilitis

Question 35

34.The text names two companies that have been named in landmark citations by OSHA in the area of ergonomics.What are these two companies and what are their respective industries?

Question 36

43.Which of the following is considered least effective in reducing WMSDs:

A)engineering controls
B)administrative controls
C)work practice controls
D)ramp-in
E)personal protective equipment

Question 37

32.Which of the following is not considered a form of MSD?

A)rotator cuff syndrome
B)trigger finger
C)sciatica
D)hypocondilitis

Question 38

29.Which of the following is a facet of ergonomics that is receiving a great deal of attention by safety and health managers?

A)SARAs
B)WMSDs
C)RECRAs
D)CERCLAs

Question 39

40.Which of the following characteristics of the draft ANSI standard for ergonomics went beyond the requirements of the OSHA standard?

A)Training
B)Job analysis
C)Surveillance
D)Employee involvement

Question 40

22.NIOSH research has shown that the most effective method of preventing back injuries is:

A)training in proper lifting techniques.
B)screening of personnel for the job.
C)requiring the use of back belts.
D)none of the above

Question 41

46.A multiplier of zero in the NIOSH Lifting Equation would indicate:

A)The lift is safe at any weight
B)The lift is unsafe at any weight
C)More data is needed to understand the issue
D)The multiplier is irrelevant for this scenario

Question 42

50.Why is it important to consider axes of movement for a workpiece?

Question 43

49.Lift training has not been proven to have an impact on back injuries.

Question 44

47.If the LI exceeds 1,a person will be injured while performing a given lift.
C)true
D)false

Question 45

45.When using the NIOSH Lifting Equation,a higher multiplier indicates a harder lift.

Question 46

48.How does torque affect the difficulty of a lift?