Deck 15: Speech Aerodynamics

Question 1

Why do pressure-flow estimates of orifice size decrease in accuracy when the orifice area exceeds 80 mm²?

A)Limitations of the pneumotachograph to record high rates of airflow
B)Limitations of the transducers to detect small pressure changes
C)Limitations of the pneumotachograph to record an increase in nasal airflow
D)Limitations of the transducers to measure an increase in nasal resonance
E)Limitations of the transducers to detect a decrease in oral airflow

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What does a pneumotachograph measure?

A)Volume of airflow
B)Rate of airflow
C)Air pressure
D)Nasal air resistance
E)Acoustics of airflow

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Transducers convert the detected air pressure or flow into which of the following?

A)Electrical signals
B)A digital format
C)Static electricity
D)The aerodynamic equation
E)Pressure-flow kinematics

Answer 3

A

Question 4

To estimate velopharyngeal orifice size, which of the following aerodynamic measures are needed?

A)Oral air pressure, nasal air pressure, oral airflow
B)Oral air pressure, nasal air pressure, nasal airflow
C)Oral airflow, nasal airflow, oral air pressure
D)Oral airflow, nasal airflow, nasal air pressure
E)Oral air pressure, nasal air pressure, differential pressure

Question 5

What does the orifice equation use to calculate minimal cross-sectional area of the velopharyngeal port?

A)Simultaneous measures of the differential pressure across the orifice and rate of airflow
B)The correction factor h
C)Differential pressure across the orifice divided by the rate of airflow
D)The increase in airflow and increase in air pressure across the orifice
E)The pressure drop across the orifice and increase in oral airflow

Question 6

Aerodynamic techniques do not provide information about which of the following?

A)Intraoral air pressure level
B)Rates of nasal air emission
C)Estimates of VP orifice size during consonant production
D)Estimates of VP orifice size during vowel production
E)Measurements of nasal airway resistance

Question 7

Gross velopharyngeal insufficiency during production of "hamper" may be indicated by which of the following?

A)Nasal airflow less than 80 ml/s during /m/
B)Oral air pressure greater than 3 cm H₂O during /p/
C)A lack of temporal overlap of the nasal airflow and oral pressure pulses for /m/ and /p/
D)An estimated VP orifice area during /p/ that exceeds 20 mm²
E)Oral air pressure greater than 4 cm H₂O during /p/

Question 8

Which of the following speech symptoms of velopharyngeal dysfunction is assessed with aerodynamic instrumentation?

A)Hypernasality
B)Hyponasality
C)Glottal stops
D)Nasal air emission
E)a and d

Question 9

Which of the following cannot be determined by aerodynamic methods?

A)Timing aspects of velopharyngeal function
B)Extent of nasal emission
C)Patency of the nasal airways during breathing
D)Estimates velopharyngeal orifice size
E)Severity of hypernasality

Question 10

Which procedure measures airway resistance in the nasal cavity?

A)Nasometry
B)Manometry
C)Rhinomanometry
D)Polysomnography
E)Nasendoscopy

Question 11

Which of the following should always be considered when assessing the status of the nasal airway in children?

A)Size of the child
B)Weight of the child
C)Age of the child
D)Opening to the nasal vestibule
E)History of allergies

Question 12

Which of the following causes the rapid displacement of the vocal folds during speech?

A)Hypopharyngeal airflow
B)Subglottic air pressure
C)Vocal fold vibration
D)Decrease in air pressure
E)Phonation

Question 13

How is the rate of nasal airflow measured?

A)mm H₂O
B)cm H₂O
C)L/s
D)mm/s
E)cm/s

Question 14

The pressure-flow technique is ideally suited to determine the magnitude of which of the following during speech?

A)Air pressure from the lungs
B)Air pressure from nasal emission
C)Intraoral air pressure and nasal air emission
D)Subglottic air pressure
E)All of the above

Question 15

Velopharyngeal closure is considered adequate in children if differential oral-nasal air pressure is greater than which of the following during the production of the word "hamper"?

A)1.0 cm H₂O
B)2.0 cm H₂O
C)3.0 cm H₂O
D)4.0 cm H₂O
E)5.0 cm H₂O