Deck 3: The Evolution of Atomic Theory

Question 1

Which of the following elements is a chalcogen?

A)H
B)N
C)O
D)F

Answer 1

O

Question 2

Which element, isotope, or ion listed below contains 35 protons, 46 neutrons, and 36 electrons?

A)(⁸¹Kr⁺)
B)(⁸¹Br)
C)(⁸¹Kr)
D)(⁸¹Br^-)

Answer 2

(⁸¹Br^-)

Question 3

What is the atomic number of uranium-235?

A)235
B)238
C)92
D)143

Answer 3

92

Question 4

Which of the following terms applies to the horizontal rows found on a periodic table?

A)Arrangement
B)Group
C)Period
D)Isotope

Question 5

Ions are ________.

A)atoms that have gained electrons
B)atoms or groups of atoms with a net electrical charge that is not equal to zero
C)atoms that have lost electrons
D)all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is a metalloid in the third period of the periodic table?

A)Al
B)Si
C)P
D)S

Question 7

How many neutrons does the nucleus of the phosphorus-32 isotope have?

A)15
B)16
C)17
D)32

Question 8

What name is commonly given to the elements of Group IA of the periodic table?

A)Alkaline earth metals
B)Transition metals
C)Platinum metals
D)Alkali metals

Question 9

How many protons does the nucleus of the sulfur-35 isotope have?

A)16
B)19
C)32
D)35

Question 10

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)is 34.5% Ca by mass. In a 418 g sample of CaCO₃, how many grams of calcium are present?

A)144 g
B)40.08 g
C)235.1 g
D)83.6 g

Question 11

According to the experiments of Ernest Rutherford, where can a majority of a given atom's mass be found?

A)scattered randomly throughout an approximately cube-shaped atom
B)at the center of an approximately spherical atom
C)in concentric layers of spherical shape
D)as small pieces orbiting a common center in circular paths

Question 12

What name is commonly given to the elements of Group IIA of the periodic table?

A)Alkaline earth metals
B)Transition metals
C)Platinum metals
D)Alkali metals

Question 13

Which of the following terms applies to the vertical columns found on a periodic table?

A)Arrangement
B)Group
C)Period
D)Isotope

Question 14

Which element, isotope, or ion listed below contains 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 18 electrons?

A)(³³Ar^2-)
B)(³³S^2-)
C)(³³Cl)
D)(³⁴S^2-)

Question 15

A 3.45 gram sample of hematite (Fe₂O₃)that contains 2.41 grams of Fe has what percentage Fe by mass?

A)40%
B)30%
C)70%
D)60%

Question 16

How is the term "mass number" defined for a given atom or isotope?

A)as the mass of one mole of that element or isotope
B)as the sum of the protons, neutrons, and electrons it contains
C)as the sum of the protons and neutrons its nucleus contains
D)as the number of protons its nucleus contains

Question 17

Which of the following is a transition metal in the fourth period of the periodic table?

A)Ga
B)Ca
C)Fe
D)Ag

Question 18

The structure of individual atoms can roughly be described as ________.

A)positively charged center and mostly empty space
B)an even mixture of mass and charge scattered throughout a spherical shape
C)positively charged, low-mass pieces in orbit around a massive, negatively charged center
D)positively charged pieces in orbit around a low-mass, negatively charged center

Question 19

How is the term "atomic number" defined for a given atom or isotope?

A)as the mass of one mole of that element or isotope
B)as the sum of the protons, neutrons, and electrons it contains
C)as the sum of the protons and neutrons its nucleus contains
D)as the number of protons its nucleus contains

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct symbolic representation of the lead-209 isotope?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 21

Ionization energy ________ as one goes down a group and ________ as one goes from left to right in a period.

A)increases; increases
B)increases; decreases
C)decreases; increases
D)decreases; decreases

Question 22

24.3 g of magnesium yield 40.3 g MgO upon combustion with oxygen. How much magnesium needs to be burned to yield 12.1 g MgO?

A)4.3 g
B)6.1 g
C)7.3 g
D)8.4 g

Question 23

Which of the following has the lowest ionization energy?

A)F
B)P
C)Ca
D)Cs

Question 24

How many electrons are found in a Fe³⁺ ion?

A)23
B)26
C)29
D)56

Question 25

Which has more electrons?

A)Br^-
B)Sr⁺²
C)Rb
D)As⁺³

Question 26

How many protons are found in a N^3- ion?

A)7
B)10
C)14
D)15

Question 27

Which of the following has more protons than electrons?

A)Mg⁺²
B)Al
C)P^-3
D)O^-2

Question 28

Which of the following elements is a halogen?

A)He
B)B
C)F
D)Kr

Question 29

A compound is produced when 6.08 g of nitrogen combine with 13.92 g oxygen. What is this compound?

A)NO
B)NO₂
C)N₂O₃
D)N₂O₅

Question 30

Which of the following elements may have a cation that has 16 electrons?

A)Si
B)P
C)S
D)Cl

Question 31

An atomic mass unit, also known as amu, is equal to ________ the mass of a ¹²C atom.

A)1/2
B)1/12
C)1/6
D)1/1840

Question 32

The breakthrough Dmitri Mendeleev had when constructing the periodic table occurred ________.

A)when J. J. Thomson discovered the electron
B)when Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron
C)when Thomson and E. Goldstein discovered the proton
D)when Mendeleev placed the elements in a sequence of increasing atomic mass

Question 33

Which of the following is not a main group element?

A)S
B)As
C)Cu
D)Xe

Question 34

Which of the following has more electrons than neutrons?

A)(²⁴Mg⁺²)
B)(²⁷Al)
C)(⁷⁵As^-3)
D)(³²S^-2)

Question 35

Which of the following elements can have an anion with 18 electrons?

A)Cl
B)Ar
C)Sc
D)Fe

Question 36

Which of the following has the highest ionization energy?

A)O
B)Sn
C)As
D)C

Question 37

A neutral atom's atomic number is equal to ________.

A)the number of nucleons
B)the sum of protons and neutrons
C)the number of electrons
D)the number of neutrons

Question 38

Which species has 18 electrons?

A)(_Ca+)
B)(Cl^2-)
C)(_Ar-)
D)(P^3-)

Question 39

Which of the following is a transition element?

A)Co
B)Eu
C)Es
D)He

Question 40

Which of the following elements is an actinide?

A)Np
B)Pr
C)W
D)Fr

Question 41

Which species has 16 protons, 18 neutrons and 18 electrons?

A)(³⁴S²⁺)
B)(³⁴S^2-)
C)(³⁶Ar²⁺)
D)(³⁶Se^2-)

Question 42

Which of the following pairs are isotopes?

A)(Ca⁺² and Mg⁺²)
B)(¹⁹⁹Hg and ²⁰⁰Hg)
C)(¹⁸O and ¹⁹F)
D)(²³⁸U and ²³⁸Np)

Question 43

Which is expected to be the most chemically similar element to phosphorus?

A)S
B)As
C)Se
D)O

Question 44

What is the mass of the single product that is formed from the reaction between 2.5 g hydrogen and 7.5 g oxygen?

A)5.0 g
B)7.5 g
C)9.5 g
D)10.0 g

Question 45

Which of the following is a metal?

A)Xe
B)C
C)As
D)W

Question 46

The law of multiple proportions can be used to explain why it is possible that both CO and CO₂ can exist, differing only in their carbon-to-oxygen ratios

Question 47

Atoms combine to form molecules (compounds)in simple, whole number ratios.

Question 48

Which element would have a similar chemical reactivity in water as K?

A)Ca
B)Ar
C)Rb
D)H

Question 49

The conservation of mass law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

Question 50

What element does X represent the symbol ?

A)zinc
B)iron
C)iridium
D)cesium
E)manganese

Question 51

Group IIA of the periodic table contains elements that are gaseous non-metals.

Question 52

Fr⁺ is called ________.

A)a cation
B)an anion
C)an isotope
D)a non-metal

Question 53

A neutral atom of the isotope phosphorus-32 contains 15 protons, 17 neutrons, and 15 electrons.

Question 54

Group VIIIA of the periodic table contains elements that are gaseous non-metals.

Question 55

Which cation may have atomic number 20 and a charge of +2?

A)C⁺²
B)Mg⁺²
C)Ca⁺²
D)S⁺²

Question 56

What element does X represent the symbol ?

A)silver
B)gold
C)bohrium
D)cobalt
E)neodymium

Question 57

Which of the following is not a metal?

A)Ca
B)Pt
C)Kr
D)Mg

Question 58

What element does X represent the symbol ?

A)selenium
B)copper
C)cobalt
D)cesium
E)manganese

Question 59

Which representative element is found in the fourth group and fifth period?

A)Br
B)Te
C)Sn
D)Ge

Question 60

What is the charge on a neutron, proton, and electron?

A)0, -1, +1
B)(^{0, 0, -1})
C)(^{0, +1, -1})
D)(^{-1, +1, -1})

Question 61

Two isotopes of the same element differ only in the number of neutrons found in the nucleus.

Question 62

Noble gases occupy Group VII in the periodic table.

Question 63

The oxygen-17 isotope has more protons than neutrons in its nucleus.

Question 64

Two isotopes of the same element differ only in the number of protons found in the nucleus.

Question 65

One needs to supply energy from an outside source to form a cation from a neutral atom.

Question 66

Iodine is the only non-metal that is a solid at room temperature.

Question 67

The periodic table contains more elements that are classified as non-metals than elements of any other type.

Question 68

An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons.

Question 69

Magnesium is the element that appears in the second group of the second period.

Question 70

Platinum is used in the catalytic converters of the cars.

Question 71

The most stable isotope of oxygen has 8 neutrons.

Question 72

It is easier to remove an electron from the outside shell of a K atom than from the outside shell of a Na atom.

Question 73

Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals.

Question 74

Earth's gravitational force is incapable of keeping the atmospheric helium from escaping into space.

Question 75

Both actinides and lanthanides are called rare earth elements.

Question 76

Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature.

Question 77

Radium is the only noble gas that is radioactive.

Question 78

Sulfur belongs to the chalcogen family.

Question 79

The oxygen-17 (-2)isotopic anion contains more electrons than either protons or neutrons.

Question 80

Most of the elements in the periodic table are non-metal.