Deck 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Question 1

Projective tests are used mainly to make inferences about a person's

A)developmental history.
B)personality structure.
C)intelligence.
D)likelihood of faking good.

Answer 1

personality structure.

Question 2

Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

A)malingering.
B)negative image management.
C)maligning.
D)undermining.

Answer 2

malingering.

Question 3

Many personality measures are called objective personality tests because

A)they always use the same scoring system.
B)they are based on the unique personality of the client taking the test.
C)objective observers rate the behaviour and personality of the individual.
D)they are not subject to mood or other contextual influences in testing.

Answer 3

they always use the same scoring system.

Question 4

Alicia has been referred to a psychologist due to complaints about anxiety.In the interview she reports that her singing teacher complains she is shy and withdrawn.She also reports that she is an active member of her religious community.Contemporary clinical psychologists view this as:

A)evidence of the problem of multi-informant assessment.
B)evidence that Alicia is an unreliable informant.
C)evidence of conditions in which symptoms are less severe.
D)evidence of the need for projective tests to circumvent self-report biases.

Question 5

_________'s early theories postulated that the unconscious aspect of our personality is something that can be accessed through considerable conscious effort.

A)Freud
B)Jung
C)Wechsler
D)Rogers

Question 6

Walter Mischel's 1968)literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found

A)a strong correlation.
B)a modest correlation.
C)an inverse correlation.
D)a correlation that was moderated by age.

Question 7

In their review of research on self-knowledge,Wilson and Dunn 2004)suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by __________.However,social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by _____________.

A)introspection; attending to how others view us
B)attending to how others view us; intentionally observing our own behaviours and decisions
C)intentionally observing our own behaviours and decisions; introspection
D)attending to how others view us; introspection

Question 8

Separated parents are in the middle of a difficult custody case.In completing a personality inventory in a custody evaluation,one parent downplays his/her anger management problems.This is an example of

A)maligning.
B)faking bad.
C)negative image management.
D)faking good.

Question 9

A person's tendency to consistently behave in a specific way is termed an)

A)behavioural specificity.
B)personality trait.
C)habit.
D)objective characteristic.

Question 10

Current evidence indicates that

A)the power of situational influences is far greater than that of stable personality traits.
B)the power of stable personality traits is far greater than that of situational influences.
C)situational influences and stable personality traits both have a large influence.
D)All of the above,depending on the particular personality trait.

Question 11

Which psychologist was instrumental in igniting the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behaviour more than personality?

A)Albert Bandura
B)Matthew Sanders
C)Theodore Millon
D)Walter Mischel

Question 12

Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

A)faking bad.
B)impression management.
C)faking good.
D)positivity bias.

Question 13

Wilson and Dunn's 2004)review of research related to self-knowledge found:

A)evidence for the usage of conscious suppression.
B)evidence for the concept of repression.
C)introspection enhances the accuracy of self-understanding.
D)no evidence for the usage of conscious suppression.

Question 14

___________ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about ____________.

A)Behaviour checklists; the frequency,intensity,or duration of behaviours
B)Behaviour checklists; personality structure
C)Projective tests; personality structure
D)Projective tests; the frequency,intensity,or duration of behaviours

Question 15

Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses

A)is inconclusive.
B)indicates that projective tests are consistently more easily faked than are self-report measures.
C)indicates that self-report measures are consistently more easily faked than are projective tests.
D)suggests that the ambiguous nature of projective tests makes it difficult for clients to exaggerate or minimize psychological problems.

Question 16

Most personality inventories include validity scales to

A)ensure that that the inventory is testing the construct it was designed to test.
B)ensure that the inventory is internally consistent.
C)ensure that the inventory is psychometrically sound.
D)detect whether a person is purposely presenting themselves in a positive or negative way.

Question 17

Most personality tests are based on __________ and are often called ___________ personality tests.

A)self-report; subjective
B)scoring by the test administrator; subjective
C)self-report; objective
D)scoring by the test administrator; objective

Question 18

The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______________,has demonstrated ________ accuracy in identifying malingering.

A)behaviour problems; high
B)neurological impairments; high
C)psychological problems; low
D)physical impairments; low

Question 19

A self-report measure,derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories in which the person is asked to rate the frequency,intensity,or duration or particular behaviours or experiences is known as an)

A)behaviour checklist.
B)projective test.
C)intelligence test.
D)objective personality test.

Question 20

Debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual's behaviour is known as the

A)person-context debate.
B)individual-situation debate.
C)person-situation debate.
D)individual-context debate.

Question 21

Compared with the predictive validity evidence of assessments commonly used in health care systems,the results for many psychological tests:

A)suggest that psychological tests are not very useful in health care settings.
B)suggest that the success of psychological tests is context dependent.
C)suggest that psychological tests may be as useful as other commonly used health care assessments.
D)a great deal of evidence exists that psychological test results provide information that makes a difference in treatment provision or treatment outcome.

Question 22

In translating and adapting a test for use in a second language,back translation refers to:

A)Translation of the items into the second language,then translation back into the first language by a differed translator and comparison of the two versions.
B)conducting pilot testing of the translated measure to ensure it is comprehensible.
C)re-standardizing scores on the measure using norms specific to the translated measure.
D)establishing construct validity between the two version to determine whether the instruments measure the same psychological qualities in both languages.

Question 23

When conducting an assessment with a client from an ethnic minority background for whom no culturally validated measures are available,the psychologist should:

A)avoid using scores,or indicate that the scores may not provide an optimal assessment of the client's functioning.
B)indicate in the assessment report that accuracy and validity of results may be less than ideal.
C)use the test only to aid in generating hypotheses about the client's functioning.
D)all of the above.

Question 24

The MCMI-III is designed to measure

A)clinical personality patterns.
B)major clinical syndromes.
C)clinical personality patterns and major clinical syndromes.
D)personality functioning in a non-clinical population.

Question 25

The overall reliability of the Personality Assessment Inventory scales is superior to the

A)Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III.
B)Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory.
C)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2.
D)All of the above.

Question 26

The NEO Personality Inventory-3 is based on what model of personality?

A)Cognitive-social
B)Five-factor
C)Personality type categories
D)Triarchic theory of personality

Question 27

The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory differs from the MCMI-III in that it also assesses:

A)Expressed concerns,such a peer insecurity.
B)Personality styles and disorders.
C)Major clinical syndromes.
D)The suitability of the measure for adolescents not seeking mental health services.

Question 28

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III has the following limitation to its validity:

A)the normative sample was smaller than usual.
B)partly due to item overlap,the scale has a tendency to overpathologize individuals.
C)there is insufficient item overlap between scales to account for symptoms that appear in more than one disorder.
D)partly due to item overlap,the scale has a tendency to underestimate rates of pathology.

Question 29

Hunsley and Bailey 1999)suggested the following as the most stringent definition of a measure's clinical utility:

A)Whether the test is found to be useful by clinical practitioners.
B)Whether there is replicated evidence that the test data is reliable and valid.
C)Whether use of the test improves upon decision-making and treatment outcome.
D)None of the above.

Question 30

The clinical utility of a measure refers to the:

A)extent to which a test and the resulting data improve upon typical clinical decision-making and treatment outcome.
B)usefulness of a therapeutic approach in improving a particular set of symptoms.
C)success of a given therapy in improving a client's overall functioning.
D)degree to which a test accurately identifies potential obstacles to successful treatment.

Question 31

When using personality measures across cultural and ethnic groups,one must be aware of the following potential biases): Assuming that

A)the content is equally applicable to all cultural groups.
B)cut-off scores are equally accurate across all cultural groups.
C)the test's underlying factor structure does not vary between cultural groups.
D)All of the above

Question 32

Which approach to test construction involves retaining items that discriminate between two clearly defined groups?

A)Item approach
B)Content approach
C)Empirical criterion-keying approach
D)Construct approach

Question 33

An individual seeks help from a psychologist regarding a possible mood disorder and is administered the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III.interpreting the results of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III,a psychologist must to be aware that the MCMI-III tends to

A)underpathologize test-takers.
B)overpathologize test-takers.
C)Artificially diminish correlations between scales.
D)be more accurate in assessing some individuals than others.

Question 34

Meyer and colleagues 2001)found that the validity of psychological tests was _______ as the validity of assessments commonly used in health care research.

A)approximately the same
B)better
C)worse
D)different,depending on the test,

Question 35

Research has yielded ______________ that psychological tests provide useful information for treatment.

A)overwhelming evidence
B)adequate evidence
C)little evidence
D)no evidence

Question 36

The tendency to exaggerate or overestimate the extent of pathology is known as ______________ the patient.

A)improperly coding
B)overpathologizing
C)overmedicalizing
D)overgeneralizing

Question 37

A study by Lima and colleagues 2005)found that providing clinicians with access to patient MMPI-2 data at the beginning of treatment

A)impacted the number of sessions attended,but had no impact on patient improvement.
B)did not impact the number of sessions attended,but positively impacted patient improvement.
C)impacted the number of sessions attended and negatively impacted patient improvement.
D)did not impact either the number of sessions attended or on patient improvement.

Question 38

The Personality Assessment Inventory is intended for ___________ and requires a Grade ____ reading level.

A)youth and adults; 4
B)adults; 4
C)youth and adults; 8
D)adults; 8

Question 39

In the MMPI-2 normative sample,individuals with lower education and lower income were slightly underrepresented.In interpreting results on the MMPI-2 for those with lower education and lower income clinicians must be aware that the:

A)cut-off scores for determining presence of clinical problems may be too low.
B)test is likely to yield a high number of false positives.
C)test may overpathologize these individuals.
D)all of the above.

Question 40

Which of the following self-report measures focus upon normal personality rather than on impairments in psychosocial functioning?

A)The California Psychological Inventory & the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised.
B)The NEO Personality Inventory-Revised & the Child Behavior Checklist.
C)The Child Behavior Checklist & the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised.
D)The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised & the California Psychological Inventory.

Question 41

In using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised,psychologists must be aware that

A)most subscales do not adequately measure the constructs they are designed to assess.
B)there is limited evidence of sensitivity to treatment-related changes.
C)there is insufficient overlap among the subscales.
D)the scale yields an underestimate of psychopathology.

Question 42

The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised is the most widely used general measure of

A)depression.
B)anxiety.
C)behaviour problems.
D)general psychological distress.

Question 43

The Outcome Questionnaire OQ-45)

A)enables prediction of the client's success in treatment.
B)provides an overview of the client's psychosocial functioning and distress.
C)has not yet been shown to be psychometrically sound.
D)is typically used only at the end of a course of treatment..

Question 44

The Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II)

A)does not provide sufficient detail to determine whether a person meets the diagnostic criteria for a mood disorder.
B)provides sufficient detail to determine whether a person meets the diagnostic criteria for a mood disorder.
C)has yet to establish strong psychometric properties.
D)is likely to be an accurate tool for monitoring treatment,as scores remain constant across repeated administrations.

Question 45

Research on the Thematic Apperception Test indicates that it is a projective test that

A)is routinely administered and scored in a standardized fashion in clinical settings.
B)has established scoring criteria.
C)has strong psychometric property.
D)if it were to be administered and scored in a standardized fashion,it could outperform self-report measures in predicting subsequent behaviour.

Question 46

Research findings suggest that the Rorschach should not be used to

A)examine thought disorder.
B)aid in the development of clinical hypotheses.
C)provide diagnostic information.
D)assess personality structure.

Question 47

Research indicates that the Rorschach Inkblot test is likely to

A)underpathologize patients.
B)overpathologize patients.
C)be very accurate at detecting mood and anxiety problems.
D)be valid for use with children and youth.

Question 48

The Achenbach scales yield scores on which two broad types of problems?

A)Physical and mental health problems.
B)Cognitive and social problems.
C)Internalizing and externalizing problems.
D)Personality and Axis I problems.

Question 49

Concerns about the need to use measures that are inexpensive,not too time-consuming,and with direct and immediate relevance to treatment planning and monitoring have led to the increased use of:

A)projective tests.
B)behaviour and symptom checklists.
C)objective personality tests.
D)structured clinical interviews.

Question 50

Research indicates that when examiners use Exner's Comprehensive System CS)for administering and scoring the Rorschach test that

A)administration errors are still easy to make,and can impact examinees' responses.
B)administration errors much less common when using this system for administering and scoring the test.
C)the norms for the test underestimate rates of pathology within the nonpatient population.
D)the Rorschach is an appropriate tool to use with children and adolescents,yielding valid results.