Deck 14: Therapies

Question 1

According to your textbook,two of the major barriers to mental health treatment are:

A)time and money.
B)a lack therapists and racism.
C)rigid diagnostic criteria for mental illness and insurance companies.
D)pharmaceutical companies and medical lobbyists.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Dr.Snider has a PsyD degree and works in a hospital,where she diagnoses and treats patients with severe psychological disorders,such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Dr.Snider is a ________________.

A)psychiatrist
B)research psychologist
C)clinical psychologist
D)counseling psychologist

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to the text,the rigorous testing of specific psychotherapies is difficult,in part because:

A)clients do not want to receive experimental treatments.
B)most people prefer self-help treatments.
C)therapists cannot be blind to the type of therapy they are administering.
D)few therapists are willing to participate in such studies.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In general,antidepressant drugs are believed to work by:

A)decreasing monoamine activity in the brain.
B)increasing monoamine activity in the brain.
C)increasing GABA activity in the brain.
D)decreasing GABA activity in the brain.

Question 5

To treat his fear of spiders,Nate's therapist has him lie still for 30 minutes while several tarantulas crawl on him.This extreme therapy is an example of _____.

A)aversive conditioning
B)flooding
C)systematic desensitization
D)virtual reality exposure

Question 6

The psychologist Carl Rogers developed a type of therapy called _____,which focuses on individuals' abilities to solve their own problems and reach their full potential with the encouragement of the therapist.

A)object relations therapy
B)psychoanalysis
C)insight therapy
D)person/client-centered therapy

Question 7

Which of the following is believed to be the key reason why men in the United States often go without psychological treatment?

A)Psychotherapy is less effective for men than it is for women.
B)Psychological problems tend to be less severe for men than for women.
C)Men often believe that seeking treatment conflicts with masculinity.
D)Psychological problems are more likely to resolve on their own for men than for women.

Question 8

Farrah feels her life is so pointless that she can barely get out of bed some mornings.Participating in her favorite activities,such as reading and shopping with friends,no longer gives her any pleasure.Although Farrah has been experiencing these feelings for months,she tells herself that everyone feels "blue" now and then,and there's no reason to seek professional help.Which of the following best describes Farrah's barrier to seeking treatment?

A)malingering
B)minimalization
C)misunderstanding
D)mistrust

Question 9

Which of the following is most likely to result in a person being required to receive court-ordered treatment?

A)driving under the influence of alcohol
B)6 months of major depression
C)believing you were abducted by aliens
D)a desire to undergo sex reassignment surgery

Question 10

Family therapists take a _____ approach,an orientation toward family therapy that involves identifying and understanding what each individual family member contributes to the entire family dynamic.

A)client-centered
B)psychoanalytic
C)systems
D)systematic desensitization

Question 11

Research into the effectiveness of antidepressants indicates that the most effective treatment for many people is:

A)taking antidepressant drugs alone.
B)psychotherapy without any pharmaceutical therapy.
C)taking antidepressants combined with antipsychotic drugs.
D)combining antidepressant drugs with psychotherapy.

Question 12

Perceived gender roles often result in:

A)men seeking help for mental illness less frequently than women.
B)women seeking help for mental illness less frequently than men.
C)men experiencing more severe symptoms of mental illness than women.
D)women experiencing more severe symptoms of mental illness than men.

Question 13

Members of these racial and ethnic minority groups are less likely to seek mental health services than are Caucasian Americans.

A)Asian and African Americans
B)Asian Americans and Latinos
C)Hispanic and African Americans
D)Hispanic and Caucasians

Question 14

Which of the following persons is most likely to seek help for his or her mental health difficulty?

A)Byron,a recently naturalized U.S.citizen from South Africa
B)Julia,who lives in Venezuela
C)Marie,a 45-year-old Caucasian female
D)Ralph,a 65-year-old postal worker

Question 15

Which of the following mental health professionals is most likely to have either a PhD or a PsyD and diagnose and treat mental health problems ranging from the everyday to the chronic and severe?

A)clinical psychologist
B)research psychologist
C)psychiatrist
D)counseling psychologist

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding court-ordered treatments?

A)Middleclass Americans are most likely to receive involuntary treatment.
B)Individuals who are lower in socioeconomic status are more likely to receive involuntary treatment.
C)Individuals who are higher in socioeconomic status are more likely to receive involuntary treatment.
D)The rates of involuntary treatment are unrelated to economic,racial,and ethnic factors.

Question 17

In the middle of the 20th century,Walter Freeman and others infamously treated thousands of patients with a procedure known as _____.

A)shock therapy
B)frontal lobotomy
C)deep brain stimulation
D)anterior cingulotomy

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the stigma associated with psychological disorders?

A)While a mental illness stigma exists,it is not a major barrier to seeking treatment.
B)The stigma around psychological disorders is justified,given the danger and unpredictable nature of the mentally ill.
C)There is no real stigma associated with psychological disorders.
D)While the stigma around mental illness is not justified,seeking treatment for mental illness can lead to discrimination.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

A)ECT can be an effective treatment for severe cases of depression.
B)ECT is no longer considered a valid or ethical form of treatment.
C)ECT is still performed in the same way it was delivered in the 1930s and 1940s.
D)ECT triggers a controlled stroke.

Question 20

Rita is a mental health professional who has a master's degree.She generally works with people who are having difficulty dealing with mild depression or anxiety,or are generally having trouble with stress or coping; she does not work with individuals who have more severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia or major depression.Rita is most likely a _____.

A)counseling psychologist
B)psychiatrist
C)clinical psychologist
D)forensic psychologist

Question 21

Critiques of the empirically supported treatment approach are most likely to state that:

A)all psychotherapies are equally effective.
B)the effectiveness of different psychotherapies cannot be tested in the same way drugs are.
C)therapeutic effectiveness can be tested using randomized,double-blind experiments.
D)the therapeutic process is generally simple and straightforward.

Question 22

According to your textbook,what percentage of college students exhibit symptoms of depression?

A)1%
B)15%
C)50%
D)85%

Question 23

Which of the following is true about the regulation of psychological therapy?

A)Psychotherapies must be proven safe before they can be used.
B)Psychotherapies must be proven effective before they can be used.
C)Psychotherapies must be empirically supported before they can be used.
D)There is relatively little oversight over which non-biological therapies can be used.

Question 24

Therapeutic alliance refers to:

A)the combined effectiveness of psychotherapy and pharmaceuticals.
B)a professional organization of clinical psychologists,counseling psychologists,and social workers.
C)the relationship that emerges between patient and therapist during therapy.
D)an organization founded to empirically test the efficacy and safety of various psychotherapies.

Question 25

In some states,__________________ can be certified to practice if they hold a master's degree.

A)psychiatrists
B)counseling psychologists
C)medical doctors
D)clinical psychologists

Question 26

Rihanna goes to a mental health professional for help with her depression.While waiting for the therapist,she notices the medical degree hanging on the wall in the office.At the end of the session,the therapist writes Rihanna a prescription for an antidepressant drug.Rihanna's therapist is a ______________.

A)clinical social worker
B)psychiatrist
C)clinical psychologist
D)counseling psychologist

Question 27

Only ____ states have passed laws for prescriptive authority for psychologists.

A)2
B)3
C)5
D)10

Question 28

Physicians who specialize in mental health and diagnose and treat mental disorders primarily through prescribing medications that influence brain chemistry are called ______________.

A)psychiatrists
B)clinical psychologists
C)medical psychologists
D)biopsychologists

Question 29

Which of the following has been a side effect of moving the treatment of mental illness from inpatient to outpatient care?

A)Psychiatric hospitals have become more inhumane.
B)Crime rates have increased greatly.
C)Homelessness has become a major problem for the mentally ill.
D)There have not been any negative side effects from moving to outpatient treatment.

Question 30

A major goal of modern inpatient psychiatric treatment is:

A)keeping people with mental illness out of the community for as long as possible.
B)permanently curing mental illness.
C)quickly returning patients to society as soon as possible.
D)punishing the criminally insane.

Question 31

Which of the following is a key difference between clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists?

A)Clinical psychologists have a PhD and counseling psychologists have a PsyD.
B)Clinical psychologists have a PsyD and counseling psychologists have a PhD.
C)Clinical psychologists treat a range of psychological problems from minor to severe,whereas counseling psychologists do not typically treat people with severe disorders.
D)There is no difference between the two types of psychologists.

Question 32

Lindsay has been experiencing a great deal of stress during her first year of college.She checks out a book from the library which promises to help people find strategies for reducing stress.Lindsay plans to engage in ____________.

A)bibliotherapy
B)aversive conditioning
C)person-centered therapy
D)psychoanalysis

Question 33

Treatments that have been tested using sound research designs,and have been found to be both safe and effective are called ______________.

A)bibliotherapies
B)empirically supported treatments
C)psychotherapies
D)insight therapies

Question 34

Empirically supported treatments refer to:

A)treatments for which only anecdotal evidence of effectiveness are available.
B)treatments that are effective for all psychological disorders and this effectiveness has been established through rigorous scientific testing.
C)treatments that are effective for specific disorders and this effectiveness has been established through the use of sound research designs.
D)treatments which have been shown to be effective for 100% of people receiving therapy.

Question 35

Thanks to the _________________ movement,the vast majority of mental institutions in the United States have been closed.

A)deinstitutionalization
B)in-patient
C)empirically supported treatment
D)therapeutic alliance

Question 36

Which area of psychology focuses on identifying how an individual's mental health is influenced by factors such as the neighborhood,economics,social groups?

A)local psychology
B)holistic psychology
C)clinical psychology
D)community psychology

Question 37

The movement which returned people from mental institutions to their communities and families and enabled them to receive treatment on an outpatient basis is referred to as _________________.

A)deinstitutionalization
B)in-patient
C)empirically supported treatment
D)therapeutic alliance

Question 38

Which of the following professionals is trained as a physician and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting?

A)clinical psychologist
B)clinical social worker
C)mental health counselor
D)psychiatrist

Question 39

If you or a family member were suffering from a severe mental illness,you would be most likely to be treated by a(n)_____________ psychologist.

A)research
B)counseling
C)academic
D)clinical

Question 40

Today,people in need of serious,long-term care often live in _________________ centers,which are a humane alternative to the asylums of the past.

A)deinstitutionalization
B)residential treatment
C)insight
D)therapeutic alliance

Question 41

Bart is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes.After a few minutes of relaxing,the therapist asks Bart to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences.Bart is experiencing the therapeutic technique of _____________.

A)active confrontation
B)transference
C)free association
D)systematic desensitization

Question 42

After many sessions of psychodynamic therapy,Dan at some point experiences reluctance to cooperate with his therapist and tends to forget to do what his therapist had suggested to him.Dan is experiencing ____________.

A)resistance
B)desensitization
C)transference
D)free association

Question 43

Carlita has just come from her first therapy session.To better understand Carlita's generalized anxiety,the therapist asked her to talk about her childhood experiences and interactions with her parents and has asked her to keep a dream journal for the next several weeks.With which orientation is this approach most consistent?

A)behavioral
B)eclectic
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Question 44

According to Sigmund Freud,when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream,you recall the dream's __________.

A)latent content
B)deep meaning
C)surface meaning
D)manifest content

Question 45

Starting in the 1970s,a program called Scared Straight exposed at-risk youth to the harsh reality of prison life.According to your textbook,which of the following is true about this program?

A)It reduced crime rates among troubled youth by 65%.
B)The program did not reduce the risk of incarceration and may have been harmful.
C)Many participants actually came to believe that prison life was preferable to life at home.
D)The program worked,but the effect was small.

Question 46

According to Freud,the ___________ of the dream refers to the hidden,symbolic meaning of the dream,which,if correctly interpreted,reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder.

A)manifest content
B)free association
C)latent content
D)resistance

Question 47

George begins to project his anxieties and unresolved feelings about his mother onto his therapist.This is what Sigmund Freud would have called ____________.

A)free association
B)resistance
C)transference
D)working through

Question 48

Julio tells his therapist that he dreamt of a large blue monster that was about to eat him.His therapist interpreted this dream as representing Julio's abusive father.According to dream analysis,the manifest content is _____________.

A)Julio
B)Julio's father
C)the therapist
D)the large blue monster

Question 49

Freud believed that patients could not identify their psychological conflicts without the help of a therapist.This was primarily because Freud believed that:

A)non-psychiatrists do not have the training to understand their own psychology.
B)people are not aware of their psychological conflicts because they are located in the unconscious mind.
C)most people are too busy to think about their internal motivations and conflicts.
D)people are too biased to objectively assess their mental state on their own.

Question 50

In interpreting a dream,a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's _________ content.

A)latent
B)manifest
C)conscious
D)resistant

Question 51

Kelly has been in therapy with Dr.Williams for 2 months when she suddenly starts skipping appointments because she got angry at some of her therapist's questions.Even when in session,she tends to blankly stare at the therapist.This is best explained by ____________.

A)free association
B)resistance
C)transference
D)working through

Question 52

What category of therapy is most concerned with improving a client's awareness of the underlying causes of his or her difficulties?

A)behavioral
B)biological
C)cognitive
D)insight

Question 53

Free association is a technique used in ___________ therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)family
C)person-centered
D)cognitive-behavioral

Question 54

Maureen is in therapy because she is very frightened of her father and feels tongue-tied around him.After a few months she begins to feel frightened of her therapist also.According to Freud,this is an example of ____________.

A)latency
B)interpretation
C)transference
D)sublimation

Question 55

Laura has had many different jobs,but she always does something to get herself fired.After about fifteen therapy sessions,during which she explores her earliest memories,she has an insight.She comes to believe sabotaging her jobs is her way of expressing anger toward her father,who had always put his job before his family.What method of therapy is Laura most likely engaged in?

A)psychoanalysis
B)behavior therapy
C)cognitive therapy
D)humanist therapy

Question 56

A _____________ is a statistical method that helps researchers to combine the findings from several research studies.

A)meta-analysis
B)beta-analysis
C)correlation
D)standard deviation

Question 57

Sigmund Freud would agree that _______________ may be useful in treating a psychological disorder.

A)systematic desensitization
B)dream analysis
C)flooding
D)exposure treatment

Question 58

In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?

A)behavioral
B)cognitive-behavioral
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Question 59

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people:

A)feedback from their biologically controlled responses.
B)help in understanding perceptual processes.
C)basic training in observational learning and practice.
D)clearer understanding of their feelings,motivations,and actions.

Question 60

According to your textbook,analysis of several studies investigating the effectiveness of the self-help book Feeling Good suggests that self-help books probably have:

A)no effect.
B)a negative (detrimental)effect.
C)a large positive effect.
D)a positive effect,but the effect seems small.

Question 61

What is the process by which a patient projects feelings about other individuals onto the psychoanalyst?

A)resistance
B)reactance
C)countertransference
D)transference

Question 62

The work of _________________ influenced the contemporary model of interpersonal therapy.

A)Jung and Adler
B)Freud and Horney
C)Sullivan and Klerman
D)Beck and Ellis

Question 63

Andre's mother acts as if she will be very disappointed in him if he does not become a doctor or a lawyer.Carl Rogers would refer to this as ______________.

A)resistance
B)a condition of worth
C)unconditional positive regard
D)transference

Question 64

According to your textbook,which of the following is true regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies?

A)Psychodynamic therapies are ineffective in treating psychological disorders.
B)Psychodynamic therapies are extremely effective in treating almost all psychological disorders.
C)The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies has never been scientifically tested.
D)Psychodynamic therapies may be effective for less serious disorders,but does not work well for people with severe mental illness.

Question 65

Who of the following is LEAST likely to benefit from insight therapy?

A)a middle-aged mother of two
B)a 20-something mailroom clerk
C)a man who has been experiencing panic attacks
D)a 6-year-old with intellectual disabilities

Question 66

Which type of therapy is based on using learning principles,such as classical conditioning?

A)behavioral
B)insight
C)psychoanalysis
D)client-centered

Question 67

Psychologists who practice behavioral therapy focus on the client's ______________.

A)unconscious anxieties
B)relationships with parents
C)potential for growth
D)current behavior and attitudes

Question 68

Carl Rogers asserts that an effective psychotherapist will:

A)actively confront and challenge his or her client's erroneous beliefs.
B)interpret important transference and resistance behaviors for his or her client.
C)provide unconditional positive regard toward his or her client.
D)seek to identify how negative reinforcement is promoting maladaptive behaviors,feelings,and/or thoughts for an individual.

Question 69

Not all psychodynamic theories focus on repressed sexual and aggressive conflicts.For example,____________ is a type of psychodynamic therapy that focuses primarily on how early childhood experiences and emotional attachments influence later psychological functioning.

A)object relations therapy
B)psychoanalysis
C)family therapy
D)client-centered therapy

Question 70

Interpersonal therapy has demonstrated success in all but which of the following conditions?

A)anxiety
B)bulimia
C)depression
D)schizophrenia

Question 71

In behavior therapy,distressing symptoms are seen as:

A)the result of learning.
B)the result of your unconscious impulses.
C)a chemical imbalance.
D)an indicator of neurophysiological abnormalities.

Question 72

________ client-centered therapy centers on the patient's goals and ways of solving problems.

A)Rogers'
B)Freud's
C)Beck
D)Ellis

Question 73

Carl Rogers believed that _____________ was the cause of psychological health issues,and therefore ____________ was the key to helping clients get over them.

A)unconditional positive regard; conditions of worth
B)conditions of worth; unconditional positive regard
C)resistance; transference
D)transference; resistance

Question 74

In client-centered therapy,this nonjudgmental acceptance of all feelings the patient expresses is known as:

A)unconditional bipositive regard.
B)unconditional negative regard.
C)unconditional positive regard.
D)unconditional neutral regard.

Question 75

The ultimate goal of humanistic psychotherapy is for people to:

A)change their maladaptive behaviors and reactions to challenging situations.
B)change their maladaptive thoughts about themselves and their life circumstances.
C)gain insight and move forward in their seeking of their ultimate potential.
D)uncover the hidden motivations that impact their conscious thoughts and behaviors.

Question 76

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's client-centered therapy?

A)cognition
B)resistance
C)dream interpretation
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 77

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize?

A)the unconscious
B)personal growth
C)errant thought processes
D)dream interpretation

Question 78

An object relations therapist would be least likely to emphasize the importance of unconscious ________ impulses and needs in a therapeutic setting.

A)dependence
B)sexual
C)social
D)status

Question 79

Jenny was been bitten by several dogs when she was younger.As an adult,Jenny has an extreme phobia for dogs,and begins to shake if she even sees a dog.Using the language of classical conditioning,dogs have become a ____________.

A)unconditioned stimulus
B)unconditioned response
C)conditioned stimulus
D)conditioned response

Question 80

Client-centered therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

A)insight
B)behavior
C)cognitive
D)reality