Deck 13: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Dr.Nwoambi is an American psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client.Dr.Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B)Physician's Desk Reference
C)Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D)Manual of Psychological and Behavioral Disorders

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Megan's few friends complain that she is often melodramatic and emotionally immature.Megan loves attention (especially from men)and is constantly flirting,often inappropriately.If Megan was diagnosed with a psychological disorder,which of the following would be the most likely candidate?

A)Narcissistic personality disorder
B)Borderline personality disorder
C)Histrionic personality disorder
D)Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If a therapist thinks about psychological disorders in the same general way a physician thinks about diseases,the therapist is primarily applying the ______________ model to understand mental illness.

A)diagnostic
B)biopsychosocial
C)maladaptive
D)medical

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about the average brain of individuals with schizophrenia when they are compared to the brains of persons who do not have the disorder?
A)There are no known anatomical differences.
B)The overall size of the brain is actually larger than normal in people with schizophreni
A)
C)Dopamine activity is lower than normal in people with schizophreni
A)
D)The fluid-filled spaces at the core of the brain are larger in people with schizophreni

A)

Question 5

Kendra is a 10-year-old musical prodigy.If she hears a piece of music once,she can play it perfectly on the piano from memory.Kendra's abilities would be accurately described using which of the following terms?

A)abnormal
B)unusual
C)maladaptive
D)stigmatized

Question 6

Andrew washes his hands 100 or more times each day.The constant washing causes the skin on his hands to dry and crack,yet he continues to engage in this behavior.Andrew's behavior is an example of _____.

A)an obsession
B)agoraphobia
C)a compulsion
D)a negative symptom

Question 7

The primary purpose of the DSM-IV is to

A)help psychologists assess only normal behavior.
B)keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
C)help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
D)describe the causes of common physiological disorders.

Question 8

Which of the following disorders do many psychologists believe is not a valid diagnosis?

A)Dissociative identity disorder
B)Schizophrenia
C)Histrionic personality disorder
D)Post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 9

The etiology of a psychological disorder refers to its

A)formal classification.
B)symptoms.
C)origins or causes.
D)treatment.

Question 10

Your textbook mentions that which of the following methods can be successful in reducing the stigma of mental illness?

A)Educating the public about the biopsychosocial explanations of mental illness
B)Limiting contact with individuals suffering from the most debilitating mental illnesses
C)encouraging the use of diagnostic labels
D)Limiting the general public's access to information about specific mental illnesses

Question 11

The psychological study of mental illness is most accurately referred to as

A)abnormal psychology.
B)biopsychosocial psychology.
C)maladaptive psychology.
D)medical psychology

Question 12

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of

A)distress.
B)attention.
C)distraction.
D)disapproval.

Question 13

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress,increases the risk of injury or death,and/or harms their ability to function in daily life is called

A)maladaptive
B)humors
C)stress syndrome
D)adaptive behavior

Question 14

_____ are false beliefs about reality,whereas _____ are false perceptions of reality such as hearing internal voices.

A)Positive symptoms; negative symptoms
B)Negative symptoms; positive symptoms
C)Hallucinations; delusions
D)Delusions; hallucinations

Question 15

Jonah's therapist tells him that his depression is likely the result of several factors,including having a genetic predisposition to depression,a pessimistic personality,and a chaotic family life.This view of depression is an example of the _______________ model.

A)many-factor
B)biopsychosocial
C)maladaptive
D)medical

Question 16

All other things equal,a person living in a _____ neighborhood,who also inherited the _____ copy of the 5-HTT gene,would have the greatest risk of developing depression.

A)middle-class; long
B)poor; short
C)middle-class; short
D)poor; long

Question 17

Suppose a friend described schizophrenia as having a "split personality." How would you respond?
A)"This is a common misconception caused by people confusing schizophrenia with dissociative identity disorder."
B)"only disorganized schizophrenia is characterized by a splitting of personalities."
C)"That point is controversial; psychologists cannot agree on whether schizophrenia involves a splitting of personality."
D)"That is an accurate description of schizophreni

A)"

Question 18

In addition to suffering from panic attacks,people with panic disorder often develop an intense fear of:

A)having a panic attack when they are alone.
B)public places.
C)germs.
D)leaving the stove on.

Question 19

DSM stands for

A)Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual.
B)Deviance and Sadism Manual.
C)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
D)Developmental Sickness Model.

Question 20

Psychologists and psychiatrists use the criteria laid out in the most recent edition of the _____ to diagnose psychological disorders.

A)Dimensional and Categorical Atlas of Mental Health
B)International Diagnostic Guidelines
C)Guide to Psychopathology and Abnormal Behavior
D)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders

Question 21

Which of the following is an advantage of using the dimensional view of psychological disorders?

A)The dimensional view creates a clear distinction between normal and abnormal behavior.
B)The dimensional view reflects the variety and complexity of human behavior.
C)The dimensional view is easier for non-experts to use when diagnosing mental illness.
D)The dimensional view uses biological markers to diagnosis psychological disorders.

Question 22

The DSM-IV treats most symptoms in an either/or fashion: either an individual has a particular symptom or not.This is consistent with the ____________________ of psychological disorders.

A)biopsychosocial model
B)medical model
C)categorical view
D)dimensional view

Question 23

The idea that a person may be determined to be sane or insane is an issue that is most relevant to

A)all mental health professionals.
B)the legal system.
C)medicine and psychiatry.
D)clinical psychology.

Question 24

According to the _______________,a person either has a psychological disorder or they do not.In contrast,the _______________ treats the normal-abnormal distinction as a matter of degree.

A)biopsychosocial model; medical model
B)medical model; biopsychosocial model
C)categorical view; dimensional view
D)dimensional view; categorical view

Question 25

When it is published,the fifth edition of the DSM is expected to include

A)more information based on biological and genetic research.
B)seven new axes.
C)criteria for determining whether an individual is insane.
D)a more categorical approach to psychological disorders.

Question 26

The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV are based on a __________ approach.

A)biological
B)biopsychosocial
C)psychological
D)social and cultural

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the argument for the use labels applied to psychological disorders?

A)There are no recognized negative side effects associated with the use of labels for psychological disorders.
B)Labels provide an alternative to the DSM system for diagnosing mental illness.
C)Using labels reduces the stigma associated with mental illness.
D)Labels are often necessary for identifying and treating specific psychological disorders.

Question 28

When a psychologist or psychiatrist is using the DSM-IV as a guide to evaluating a client,he or she would assess the client on each of five

A)axes.
B)stages.
C)phases.
D)steps.

Question 29

The ________ rule is a test of legal insanity that came from an 1843 British trial.

A)Irresistible Impulse
B)Durham
C)M'Naghton
D)ALI

Question 30

Antisocial,paranoid,and schizoid are all types of ________ disorders.

A)mood
B)dissociative
C)personality
D)anxiety

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-IV?

A)It contains the standards for diagnosing more than 350 different mental disorders.
B)It contains 12 specific axes of mental illnesses.
C)It is based primarily on brain scans of individuals suffering from mental illness.
D)It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.

Question 32

A person who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is most likely to exhibit

A)a charming,self-centered,and manipulative interpersonal style.
B)impulsivity and unpredictability in his or her interactions with others.
C)intense discomfort in most social situations and odd thinking and behavior patterns.
D)a strong need to be the center of attention in all social situations.

Question 33

Stigmatization is often an unintended result of

A)outpatient treatment for psychological disorders.
B)using the dimensional view instead of the categorical view to diagnosis mental illness.
C)applying the medical model.
D)labeling individuals as suffering from a psychological disorder.

Question 34

In a famous study discussed in your textbook,eight normal individuals were committed to a psychiatric hospital after claiming that they were experiencing hallucinations.Which of the following happened next?

A)The hospital staff continued to view them as abnormal,despite the fact that they had no symptoms.
B)The hospital staff realized that they had been faking their original symptoms.
C)Being in the psychiatric hospital caused them to develop real psychological symptoms after several days.
D)They quickly quit the study because the conditions in the psychiatric hospital were so poor.

Question 35

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the intersection of the mental health and legal industries?

A)The insanity defense is raised in less than 1% of all criminal trials,and is only successful about 20% of the time.
B)"Insanity" is a psychological/psychiatric term.
C)The serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer was famously found not guilty by reason of insanity.
D)The precedent for the insanity defense is a trial that occurred in the 1970s.

Question 36

When comparing individuals from a variety of cultures who have been diagnosed with PTSD,researchers have found that

A)individuals from Western and Eastern cultures experience the same physiological,cognitive,and emotional symptoms.
B)individuals from Western cultures experience different physiological,cognitive,and emotional symptoms,compared to those from Eastern cultures.
C)individuals from Western cultures experience the same physiological symptoms as those from Eastern cultures,but experience different cognitive,and emotional symptoms.
D)individuals from Western cultures experience the same cognitive and emotional symptoms as those from Eastern cultures,but experience different physiological symptoms.

Question 37

People with _________ disorders have an excessively rigid,maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.

A)personality
B)mood
C)affective
D)schizophrenic

Question 38

Which cluster of personality disorders contains paranoid,schizoid,and schizotypal personality disorders?

A)the anxious and fearful cluster
B)the odd and eccentric cluster
C)the dramatic and emotional cluster
D)the erratic and somatoform cluster

Question 39

Research indicates that one way to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness is to

A)remove individuals with mental illness from the general population.
B)increase knowledge of biopsychosocial explanations of mental illness.
C)reduce unnecessary concern by limiting the public's exposure to topics related to mental illness.
D)require people diagnosed with mental illness to notify their employers.

Question 40

Melissa was recently diagnosed as suffering from bipolar disorder.When her coworkers find out,they stop inviting her to get drinks after work,and her boss promotes several less qualified employees ahead of her.The most likely cause of Melissa's treatment is

A)the M'Naghten effect.
B)the stigma associated with mental illness.
C)her coworkers confusing "unusual" behavior for "abnormal" behavior.
D)her coworkers confusing bipolar and unipolar disorder.

Question 41

A disorder marked by the apparent appearance within one person of two or more personalities,each with its own name and distinctive traits,is called _____________ disorder.

A)dissociative identity
B)personality
C)bipolar
D)schizophrenia

Question 42

A dissociative disorder characterized by a partial or complete loss of memory for personal information that is usually associated with a stressful or emotionally traumatic experience is known as

A)dissociative identity disorder.
B)depersonalization disorder.
C)dissociative amnesia.
D)dissociative fugue.

Question 43

The presence of at least two distinct personalities is characteristic of

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)dissociative amnesia.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 44

People with psychopathy do not respond physiologically in the same manner that other people do.For example,when compared to control participants,they

A)are hyper-responsive to loud sounds and bright lights.
B)have more parasympathetic activation.
C)are over-reactive to stress.
D)show very weak startle responses-such as blinking-when exposed to unpleasant stimuli.

Question 45

Which of the following is a sociocultural factor that might contribute to the development of psychopathy or antisocial personality disorder?

A)having a genetic predisposition
B)growing up in a violent neighborhood
C)unique activity in the limbic system
D)having ADHD

Question 46

What general category of psychological disorders is characterized by a disruption in one's complete and unified sense of conscious awareness,memory,and identity?

A)anxiety disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)personality disorders
D)schizophrenia

Question 47

Ned seeks therapy after having recurrent episodes of feeling "detached from himself" for several months,but he has not lost his self-awareness or memory.He notes that he feels like a robot,disconnected from his movements and actions.He also says that sometimes he feels like he "is no longer real." He is most likely suffering from

A)dissociative fugue.
B)dissociative amnesia.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)depersonalization disorder.

Question 48

The tendency to think in "all-or-none" terms is characteristic of

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)paranoid schizophrenia.
D)a dissociative fugue.

Question 49

A psychiatric patient repeatedly breaks the law,behaves impulsively,and generally demonstrates a disregard for,and violation of,the rights of others.It is most likely that this patient will be diagnosed with:

A)borderline personality disorder.
B)antisocial personality disorder.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 50

Marty is moody,often switching from one extreme emotion to its opposite.He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others.Marty is most likely suffering from ______ personality disorder.

A)antisocial
B)avoidant
C)dependent
D)borderline

Question 51

Cindy craves the attention of everyone around her.The few friends that she has admit that Cindy is "full of herself," and acts like she is better than everyone else.When Cindy had sex with her best friend's boyfriend,she felt no remorse.Which personality disorder would Cindy be most likely to be diagnosed with?

A)borderline
B)avoidant
C)narcissistic
D)dependent

Question 52

One oft-cited criticism of the DSM-IV is that many illnesses seem to occur at the same time; that is,a specific set of symptoms could qualify an individual for more than one diagnosis.This phenomenon is called

A)co-incidence.
B)dual diagnosis.
C)prevalence.
D)comorbidity.

Question 53

Self-injury,such as the intentional cutting of one's self,is most closely associated with which personality disorder?

A)antisocial
B)avoidant
C)dependent
D)borderline

Question 54

John has made a career of stealing older people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments.John explains that he has done nothing wrong-if these people were not so greedy,they would not be so eager to invest in his phony schemes.In his mind,his victims got exactly what they deserved.John's behavior and attitude are typical of someone with ________ personality disorder.

A)schizoid
B)schizotypal
C)histrionic
D)antisocial

Question 55

After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son,a man disappears.He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there.He appears to be suffering from

A)schizophrenia.
B)a personality disorder.
C)a dissociative disorder.
D)a mood disorder.

Question 56

Some psychologists believe that histrionic personality disorder occurs when an individual engages in attention seeking to avoid the negative feelings they associate with being unnoticed.This is an example of a ___________ explanation for personality disorders.

A)biological
B)psychological
C)sociocultural
D)comorbid

Question 57

Which personality disorder is characterized by excessive attention seeking and dramatic behavior,including being overly flirtatious?

A)histrionic
B)borderline
C)narcissistic
D)dependent

Question 58

People with psychopathy do not respond physiologically in the same manner that other people do.For example,when compared to control participants,they

A)have more parasympathetic activation.
B)are hyper-responsive to loud sounds and bright lights.
C)show abnormalities in right-hemisphere activation.
D)did not develop normal conditioned responses to anticipated danger and pain.

Question 59

When people diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (APD)are exposed to stressful stimuli,such as loud noises or the sudden appearance of an angry face,they react _________________ people without APD.

A)more than
B)less than
C)about the same as
D)faster than

Question 60

People with which personality disorder are most likely to be arrested for violent or destructive crimes?

A)antisocial
B)borderline
C)histrionic
D)schizoid

Question 61

From an evolutionary perspective,humans would be most likely to develop a phobia to which of the following?

A)atomic weapons
B)guns
C)snakes
D)house cats

Question 62

Agoraphobia is an intense fear of

A)clowns.
B)having a panic attack in a public place.
C)developing a mental illness.
D)being responsible for the death of another.

Question 63

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobias?

A)Phobias are linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
B)Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger while phobias are not linked to a specific trigger.
C)Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder,while phobias are considered mood disorders.
D)Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder,while phobias are considered dissociative disorders.

Question 64

Manny has such an intense fear of flying insects that he hardly ever goes outside his house during the summer months.He is probably suffering from a

A)panic disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)personality disorder.
D)phobia.

Question 65

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when,without warning,her heart begins racing rapidly,she starts sweating profusely,and she is gripped with a terrifying fear that she is about to go crazy.Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode.Her symptoms most resemble

A)a phobic disorder.
B)a panic attack.
C)post-traumatic stress.
D)a compulsion

Question 66

Which of the following disorders is the most controversial diagnosis?

A)dissociative identity disorder
B)histrionic personality disorder
C)narcissistic personality disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 67

A strong,intense fear of being in public or performing behaviors in public might be characteristic of

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)social anxiety disorder.

Question 68

Leo worries all of the time.He worries about his money,his children,and his dog.He cannot identify the specific source of his worry,but rather feels an overall sense of constant concern.Leo's symptoms sound most like

A)panic disorder
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)a dissociative disorder

Question 69

While each panic attack is different,the symptoms of a panic attack often peak in less than

A)3 minutes.
B)10 minutes.
C)30 minutes.
D)45 minutes.

Question 70

People who have a(n)__________ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others,so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing.

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)social phobia
C)specific phobia
D)interactive phobia

Question 71

People who suffer from panic attacks often also experience

A)obsessions.
B)paranoia.
C)agoraphobia.
D)compulsions.

Question 72

Which of the following is most likely to be cited by psychologists as a reason to be skeptical about dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A)PET scan studies of people diagnosed with DID
B)a steep increase in DID rates from the 1970s to 1990s
C)evidence for memory dissociation in those diagnosed with DID
D)the association between DID and stressful events.

Question 73

Skeptics of dissociative identity disorder (DID)argue that

A)DID should really be referred to as schizophrenia.
B)it should be easy to test objectively the validity of DID.
C)DID is likely caused by traumatic experiences.
D)some therapists actually provoke dissociative symptoms during therapy.

Question 74

One explanation for _____________ disorders is that the body's flight-or-fight response is overactive.

A)mood
B)anxiety
C)personality
D)schizophrenic

Question 75

Shelby is concerned that she is spending too much of her day worrying about things that are out of her control.She often feels tense,even in situations where there is nothing that is directly threatening her safety.If you were a clinical psychologist,you would be trying to determine if Shelby meets the criteria for

A)agoraphobia.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)major depression.
D)social phobia.

Question 76

Dikeshia is giving a presentation in her abnormal psychology class on the prevalence of psychological disorders.If you were a student in that class,what general category of disorders would you expect her to mention as one of the most frequently diagnosed psychological disorders?

A)anxiety disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)personality disorders
D)schizophrenia

Question 77

Anxiety is associated with physiological responses such as a racing heart and increased respiration.Which of the following is true about these physiological changes?

A)they are always a sign of mental illness
B)they are always maladaptive
C)they are an important part of the fight-or-flight response
D)they are always adaptive

Question 78

Jarrod fears leaving his apartment during daylight hours even for a short walk to get his mail.His diagnosis would most likely belong in the category of __________ disorders.

A)mood
B)personality
C)anxiety
D)impulse-control

Question 79

______________disorders are characterized by fear or nervousness that is excessive,irrational,and maladaptive.

A)Anxiety
B)Personality
C)Mood
D)Dissociative

Question 80

Davis has such an intense,irrational fear of clowns that he cannot take his daughters to see the circus when it is in town.Davis would be most correctly diagnosed as suffering from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)a phobia.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.