Deck 6: Lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and Sterols

Question 1

Amanda consumes approximately 2500 kcal/day.According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines (2015-2020),she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

A)150
B)250
C)350
D)450

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Reggie consumes approximately 3000 kcal/day.According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines (2015-2020),he should limit his saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

A)100
B)250
C)300
D)450

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Most lipids have ________ in their chemical structures.

A)glucose polymers
B)nitrogen and sulfur
C)fatty acids
D)amino acids

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms.
B)A fatty acid is a polymer of glucose molecules.
C)The omega end of a fatty acid molecule is the acid portion of the molecule.
D)Most fatty acids in food are water soluble.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A fatty acid is a polymer of glucose molecules.
B)The omega end of a fatty acid molecule is the acid portion of the molecule.
C)In nature,fatty acids typically have even numbers of carbon atoms.
D)Most fatty acids in food are water soluble.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Fat-free baked goods tend to be more moist than regular-fat baked goods.
B)Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.
C)Each gram of fat contributes 4 kcal.
D)Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel."

Question 7

Which of the following statements about lipids is true?

A)Lipids dissolve in organic solvents,such as alcohol and acetone.
B)Oil is more dense than water such that it floats to the bottom when oil and water are mixed.
C)Lipids dissolve in water-based substances,such as vinegar.
D)Most lipids are hydrophilic.

Question 8

________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.

A)Stearic
B)Eicosapentaenoic
C)Linoleic
D)Lauric

Question 9

Omega-3 fatty acids ________.

A)are polyunsaturated fatty acids
B)must be taken through dietary supplements
C)include stearic and lauric acids
D)have a double bond at the third carbon from the acid end of the hydrocarbon chain

Question 10

In the body,lipids ________.

A)provide insulation against cold temperatures
B)are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber
C)stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals
D)are needed for proper cholesterol digestion

Question 11

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?

A)Oleic acid
B)Stearic acid
C)Palmitic acid
D)Alpha-linolenic acid

Question 12

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)help in the production of steroid hormones
B)stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals
C)cushioning of the body against bumps and blows
D)serving as an energy source

Question 13

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid that is polyunsaturated with two double bonds in its structure?

A)Linoleic acid
B)Stearic acid
C)Alpha-linolenic acid
D)Oleic acid

Question 14

Subcutaneous fat does not ________.

A)insulate the body against cold temperatures
B)store energy
C)protect against minor bruising
D)stimulate red blood cell production

Question 15

In the body,certain lipids ________.

A)are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber
B)stimulate the production of enzymes
C)provide energy
D)are used to make minerals

Question 16

Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day.According to recommendations of the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans,she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

A)200
B)250
C)350
D)450

Question 17

________ acid is an essential fatty acid.

A)Stearic
B)Linoleic
C)Palmitic
D)Lauric

Question 18

________ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.

A)Eicosapentaenoic
B)Alpha-linolenic
C)Docosahexaenoic
D)Linoleic

Question 19

Lecithin is a type of ________.

A)sterol
B)triglyceride
C)phospholipid
D)fatty acid

Question 20

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE?

A)Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.
B)Lecithin is an example of a phospholipid found naturally in egg yolks.
C)Phosopholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions.
D)Phospholipids are naturally found in both plant and animal foods.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Hydrolyzed HDL is a toxic lipoprotein that contributes to cardiovascular disease.
B)All forms of LDL cholesterol are considered unhealthy,because they increase the risk of diabetes.
C)VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal.
D)The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.

Question 22

The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________.

A)bile
B)hemoglobin
C)white blood cells
D)glycogen

Question 23

Cholesterol ________.

A)is found naturally both in both plant and animal foods
B)is essential to health
C)can be metabolized as a source of energy
D)must be consumed through dietary sources as the  human body cannot make cholesterol

Question 24

April wants to add ________ to her salad,because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.

A)walnuts
B)coconut oil
C)cheddar cheese
D)bread cubes

Question 25

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A)Avocado
B)Spinach
C)Milk
D)Chicken

Question 26

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A)Raw carrots
B)Whole milk
C)Corn oil
D)Ground beef

Question 27

According to the AMDR recommendations,alpha-linolenic acid should provide ________ of a person's total daily energy intake.

A)0)6-1.2%
B)5-10%
C)less than 10%
D)at least 20%

Question 28

________ naturally contains small amounts of trans fats.

A)Whole milk
B)Peanut butter
C)Pre-packaged baked goods
D)Fat-free yogurt

Question 29

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A)Green beans
B)Whole milk
C)Roast beef
D)Soybean oil

Question 30

Which of the following statements describe pancreatic lipase?

A)Pancreatic lipase is secreted into the duodenum and is necessary for fat digestion.
B)Pancreatic lipase is stored in the gall bladder and is necessary for fat digestion.
C)Pancreatic lipase is a component of bile salts and is necessary for cholesterol digestion.
D)Pancreatic lipase is secreted from the ileum and is necessary for lipoprotein synthesis.

Question 31

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

A)VLDL
B)LDL
C)HDL
D)Chylomicron

Question 32

Chase is a 22-year-old college student.According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR),fat should comprise ________% of his total energy intake each day.

A)5 to 10
B)10 to 20
C)20 to 35
D)35 to 45

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A saturated fat has a triple bond between two carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
B)A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
C)The omega end of a fatty acid molecule contains the acid group.
D)Fatty acids contain nitrogen,hydrogen,and carbon.

Question 34

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A)Baked chicken
B)Canola oil
C)Green beans
D)Corn oil

Question 35

The body uses cholesterol to make __________.

A)vitamin A
B)steroid hormones
C)water
D)fatty acids

Question 36

Which of the following organs is key to the enterohepatic circulation of bile?

A)Liver
B)Esophagus
C)Brain 
D)Thyroid 

Question 37

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.

A)vitamin A
B)bile
C)water
D)fatty acids

Question 38

Cholecystokinin (CCK)is a hormone that ________.

A)stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine
B)enables glucose to enter muscle cells
C)increases the production of salivary amylase
D)decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys

Question 39

Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids,a trans fatty acid ________.

A)has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond
B)contains no double bonds
C)has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight
D)is comprised of glucose molecules

Question 40

A chylomicron is a type of ________.

A)lipoprotein
B)fatty acid
C)sterol
D)phospholipid

Question 41

A fasting blood LDL cholesterol level of 140 mg/dL is considered ________.

A)borderline high
B)optimal
C)near optimal
D)high

Question 42

Having high blood levels of ________ may increase a person's risk of CVD.

A)HDL
B)tryptophan
C)aspartic acid
D)homocysteine

Question 43

Victor is making cake batter.When he added corn oil,fat-free milk,baking powder,and salt together,the oil and milk separated into two layers.To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components,Victor should add ________ and stir the ingredients together. 

A)high-fructose corn syrup 
B)egg yolks
C)whey protein
D)fruit juice

Question 44

A fasting blood HDL cholesterol level of ________ is considered desirable for healthy women.

A)greater than 50 mg/dL
B)less than 50 mg/dL
C)greater than 40 mg/dL
D)less than 40 mg/dL

Question 45

Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health.While participating in the study,she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins,minerals,egg protein,purified water,and potato starch.Within a few weeks,Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs.Which of the following substances should be added to her formula to treat her nutritional deficiency?

A)Bile salts
B)Glucose polymers
C)Essential fatty acids
D)Cholesterol esters

Question 46

Albert is a healthy,23-year-old college student.He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease,so he can take preventive measures,if they are necessary. Albert should ________.

A)test his urine for the presence of glucocorticoids
B)have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood
C)undergo cardiac catheterization to determine the ejection factor of his heart
D)have a chest x-ray

Question 47

Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease,because of her family history and ________.

A)European ancestry
B)high blood levels of LDL cholesterol
C)physically active lifestyle
D)low blood pressure

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells.
B)High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease.
C)A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels.
D)Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.

Question 49

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A)Flaxseeds
B)Apples
C)Leaf lettuce
D)Fat-free milk

Question 50

Oleic acid is a fatty acid with one double bond in its structure.  Oleic acid is therefore a ________ fatty acid.

A)polyunsaturated
B)monounsaturated
C)saturated
D)essential

Question 51

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

A)LDL
B)HDL
C)Insoluble fiber
D)Insulin

Question 52

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together.All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds.The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen.Based on this information,the compound is a(n) ________ fatty acid.

A)polyunsaturated
B)monounsaturated
C)saturated
D)essential

Question 53

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons.Most of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain are connected by single bonds,except there is a double bond between the number 3 and 4 carbons as well as the number 9 and 10 carbons.The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen.Based on this information,the compound is a ________ fatty acid.

A)hydroxytransylated
B)monounsaturated
C)saturated
D)polyunsaturated

Question 54

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)Higher than average intakes of calcium
B)Female sex
C)Type 2 diabetes
D)Asian ancestry 

Question 55

Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)Low body fat
B)Male sex
C)Household income 
D)Vitamin D intake

Question 56

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)High intakes of vitamin C
B)Asian ancestry
C)Increasing age
D)Low income level

Question 57

A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together,with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule.The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms.Based on this information,the compound is a(n)________.

A)fatty acid
B)amino acid
C)sterol
D)phospholipid

Question 58

A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water.The chemical helps keep water-soluble substances mixed with fats.When analyzing the composition of the chemical,the scientist determined that,in addition to carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen,the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms.Based on this information,the compound is a(n)________.

A)phospholipid
B)essential fatty acid
C)sterol
D)nutrino

Question 59

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)Normal blood cholesterol levels
B)Female sex
C)Low body fat
D)Hypertension

Question 60

Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease,because he has ________.

A)a family history of cystic fibrosis
B)chronic high blood pressure
C)high blood levels of HDL cholesterol
D)Asian ancestry

Question 61

Dana wants to reduce her blood cholesterol level by eating ________.

A)more coconut oil
B)less beef
C)more partially-hydrogenated fats
D)fewer fruits and vegetables

Question 62

Which of the followings statements is true?

A)A saturated fatty acid has one double bond within its hydrocarbon chain.
B)The human body can convert simple carbohydrates into alpha-linolenic acid.
C)Trans fatty acids are naturally in many foods.
D)Certain fish,such as salmon,are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 63

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol?

A)Coconut oil
B)Peanut butter
C)Whole milk
D)Margarine 

Question 64

Layla loves to cook,but she is concerned about the effects that certain dietary lipids may have on her health.She wants to prepare foods with fats that are naturally low in saturated fatty acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids.Based on this information,which of the following ingredients should she select?

A)Corn oil
B)Coconut oil
C)Lard
D)Butter

Question 65

Don recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet. According to the results of the analysis,his average daily saturated fat intake was 5% of total calories and his average daily unsaturated fat intake was 12% of total calories. Based on this information,his total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A)above
B)below
C)within
D)More information about Don's omega-3 intake is needed to answer this question.

Question 66

Carlos has a family history of premature heart disease and stroke.To lower his risk of cardiovascular disease,Carlos should ________.

A)increase his intake of trans fat
B)take medication to increase his blood pressure
C)stop smoking cigarettes
D)increase his intake of vitamin K

Question 67

When he prepares food,Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat.Based on this information,which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?

A)Corn oil
B)Shortening
C)Stick margarine made with olive oil
D)Partially-hydrogenated peanut oil

Question 68

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

A)Green beans
B)Roast pork
C)Ripe banana
D)White potato

Question 69

Lipids include phospholipids,sterols,and amino acids.

Question 70

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Based on this information,Bill should ________.

A)become more physically active
B)consume more saturated fat
C)smoke no more than a pack of cigarettes daily
D)gain some body fat

Question 71

Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record.According to the results of the analysis,his average fat intake was ________% of total calories each day,which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)25

Question 72

Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record.According to the results of the analysis,her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories; her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories;and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg.Based on this information,her total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A)above
B)within
C)below
D)More information about Phyllis's omega-6 intake is needed to answer this question.

Question 73

Owen usually consumes about 3000 kcal/day.On average,his fat intake is approximately 80 g/day.Based on this information,which of the following statements describes Owen's diet?

A)Owen's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids.
B)Owen's fat intake is too high.
C)Owen's fat intake is within the AMDR.
D)Owen's fat intake is not high enough to support good health.

Question 74

Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?

A)Organic carrots
B)Rolled oats
C)Pork steak
D)High-fructose corn syrup

Question 75

When she prepares food,Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat.Based on this information,which of the following fats should she select?

A)Unsalted butter
B)Cream cheese
C)Olive oil
D)Coconut oil

Question 76

Lipids are soluble in organic solvents such as acetone but insoluble in water.

Question 77

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

A)Broccoli
B)Peanuts
C)Sunflower seeds
D)Chicken

Question 78

When he prepares food,Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat.Based on this information,which of the following fats should he select?

A)Unsalted butter
B)Partially-hydrogenated shortening
C)Coconut oil
D)Canola oil

Question 79

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level.Based on this information,he should limit his intake of ________.

A)whole-grain products
B)nuts and seeds
C)butter and beef
D)fruit juices

Question 80

Maria usually consumes about 2000 kcal/day.On average,her fat intake is approximately 90 g/day.Based on this information,which of the following statements describes Maria's diet?

A)Maria's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids.
B)Maria's fat intake is higher than the AMDR.
C)Maria's fat intake is within the AI.
D)Maria's fat intake is not high enough to support good health.