Deck 10: Water-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

A common role of B vitamins is that they ________.

A)are important in energy metabolism as part of coenzymes
B)act as hormones
C)act as neurotransmitters
D)are important as structural components of body cells

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A(n)________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

A)enzyme
B)oncogene
C)antioxidant
D)cation

Answer 2

C

Question 3

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Niacin
B)Pantothenic acid
C)Vitamin D
D)Vitamin B-6

Answer 3

A

Question 4

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamin D,A,and E
B)Thiamin,vitamin K,and niacin
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin C,and thiamin
D)Vitamin A,riboflavin,and vitamin C

Question 5

When cooking green beans,Lenny likes to add baking soda to the cooking water because it keeps the beans from turning olive green.As a result of this practice,Lenny's green beans have ________ than green beans cooked in plain water. 

A)more essential amino acids
B)greater fatty acid content
C)less vitamin C
D)fewer kilocalories

Question 6

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Pantothenic acid
C)Vitamin D
D)Riboflavin

Question 7

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Thiamin
C)Vitamin D
D)Choline

Question 8

Which of the following vitamins is important in protein metabolism as a component of PLP?

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Niacin
C)Vitamin B-12
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 9

Which of the following vitamins is a component of coenzyme A?

A)Pantothenic acid
B)Vitamin K
C)Riboflavin
D)Ascorbic acid 

Question 10

________ cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in females in the United States.

A)Breast
B)Pancreatic  
C)Liver 
D)Bladder

Question 11

Which of the following cooking methods can result in significant losses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)Stir-frying in a small amount of oil
B)Boiling in a saucepan of water
C)Steaming in a vegetable steamer
D)Microwaving in little or no water

Question 12

Which of the following organs is the leading site for cancer deaths among men and women in the United States?

A)Lung 
B)Breast 
C)Liver 
D)Prostate 

Question 13

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer.He should ________.

A)avoid drinking alcohol
B)reduce his fiber intake
C)avoid drinking coffee
D)drink less water

Question 14

________,as part of NAD and NADP,is important for energy metabolism.

A)Niacin
B)Folate
C)Riboflavin
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 15

Compared to other water-soluble vitamins,the body can store large amounts of ________.

A)vitamin C
B)riboflavin
C)thiamin
D)vitamin B-12

Question 16

Consuming too much avidin,a protein found in raw egg whites,may inhibit ________ absorption.

A)biotin
B)vitamin B-6
C)thiamin
D)folate

Question 17

The human body can absorb some ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

A)vitamin C
B)riboflavin
C)biotin
D)beta-carotene

Question 18

A medical researcher is investigating the chemical and physical properties of a substance that she isolated from the surface of charcoal-grilled meat.When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells,the chemical causes the rapid breakdown of the cells' plasma membranes.She is able to prevent this reaction by adding vitamin C to the mixture of the substance chemical and cells.Based on this information,the scientist has ________.

A)discovered that vitamin C has pro-oxidant activity in vivo experiments
B)isolated a potential treatment for cancer in charcoal-grilled meat
C)determined that the chemical isolated from charcoal-grilled meat is an oxidant
D)conducted an in vitro experiment under poorly controlled conditions

Question 19

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
B)Vitamins K,D,and E
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline
D)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E

Question 20

A researcher has isolated an organic,water-soluble chemical from roses.After performing in vivo tests,the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells,but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors.Based on this information,the researcher may have discovered a(n)________. 

A)antioxidant
B)amino acid
C)precursor
D)autoanalyzing agent

Question 21

Lucia has been experiencing glossitis and cheilosis over the past several weeks.  As well,her tongue has a slight reddish-purple color.  Based on this information,Lucia may have a ________ deficiency.

A)riboflavin
B)thiamin
C)folate
D)vitamin B-12

Question 22

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate ________ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

A)vitamin A
B)iron
C)folate
D)selenium

Question 23

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome.A few months ago,he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6,when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder.Today,Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady.Based on this information,Sean should ________.

A)continue taking the megadoses of vitamin B-6,because his body needs more time to heal
B)discontinue taking vitamin B-6,because his body does not require the micronutrient
C)increase his vitamin B-6 intake,because the numbness and unsteadiness are signs that the treatment is working
D)stop taking vitamin B-6,because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity

Question 24

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is a degenerative brain disorder that most often occurs in alcoholics.  The condition is a result of a deficiency in ________.

A)thiamin
B)niacin
C)vitamin B-6
D)pantothenic acid

Question 25

Libby wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year-old daughter and several of the child's friends.She plans to serve cake,ice cream,and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon.To conserve vitamins in the milk,Libby should ________.

A)add a teaspoon of baking soda and chocolate syrup to it
B)serve the milk in a clear glass container
C)heat the milk to the boiling point,and let it cool before serving it
D)store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time

Question 26

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health.After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class,which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

A)Vitamin B-6 is the least toxic of the B vitamins.
B)Megadoses of vitamin B-6 can result in calcification of soft tissues.
C)Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.
D)Women who take megadoses of vitamin B-6 are healthier than those who do not take such high doses of vitamin.

Question 27

________,found in FMN and FAD,is important for carbohydrate,amino acid,and lipid metabolism.

A)Riboflavin
B)Vitamin K
C)Vitamin C
D)Niacin 

Question 28

Santiago has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine.His physician may recommend vitamin ________ supplements to help Santiago's body metabolize homocysteine.

A)B-6
B)A
C)C
D)D

Question 29

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?

A)Grains
B)Vegetables
C)Fruit
D)Oils 

Question 30

Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?

A)Corn oil 
B)Cheddar cheese 
C)Enriched bread
D)Milk

Question 31

Ron's diet lacks niacin.He hasn't developed pellagra,because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of ________,the precursor for niacin.

A)beta-carotene
B)alanine
C)alpha-tocopherol
D)tryptophan

Question 32

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

A)Fruits
B)Vegetables
C)Dairy 
D)Oils 

Question 33

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of thiamin?

A)Whole milk
B)Pork chops
C)Enriched bread
D)Wheat germ

Question 34

Which of the following is the best source of riboflavin?

A)Tomatoes
B)Corn oil margarine
C)Yogurt
D)Red delicious apples 

Question 35

Humans need vitamin B-6 for ________.

A)magnesium absorption
B)vitamin C synthesis
C)carbohydrate excretion
D)amino acid metabolism

Question 36

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of ________.

A)vitamin B-12
B)iron
C)thiamin
D)folate

Question 37

As a result of a ________ deficiency,Christopher's cells have difficulty converting homocysteine to cysteine.

A)vitamin B-6
B)thiamin
C)folate
D)vitamin B-12

Question 38

Exposing milk to light can reduce its ________ content.

A)thiamin
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)vitamin D

Question 39

Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida.To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders,Becky should ________.

A)consume green leafy vegetables,drink orange juice,and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant
B)eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week,take vitamin A and D supplements,and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy
C)take pantothenic acid,B-6,and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant
D)take iron,zinc,and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy,then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of the pregnancy

Question 40

Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high.To lower her cholesterol level,she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement,but she experienced severe facial flushing as a result.Based on this information,which vitamin did she take?

A)Vitamin B-12
B)Niacin
C)Vitamin C
D)Riboflavin

Question 41

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb ________.

A)vitamin B-12
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin B-6
D)vitamin A

Question 42

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

A)Red peppers
B)Salmon
C)Walnuts
D)Whole-wheat bread

Question 43

As a smoker,Chantalle's need for vitamin C is ________ that of a non-smoker.

A)greater than
B)less than
C)the same as

Question 44

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of ________.

A)iron
B)calcium
C)niacin
D)riboflavin

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a key role of vitamin C?

A)Serving as a coenzyme in energy metabolism
B)Collagen synthesis
C)Antioxidant activity
D)Enhancing immune function

Question 46

Routine vitamin C supplementation ________.

A)prevents common colds among the general population
B)may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so
C)prevents Alzheimer's disease
D)reduces the risk of kidney stones

Question 47

Kevin is a bodybuilder who takes a variety of vitamin supplements.He often has diarrhea,and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone.Based on this information,which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems?

A)Vitamin C
B)Thiamin
C)Biotin
D)Vitamin B-6

Question 48

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

A)Sardines
B)Kale
C)Strawberries
D)Wheat bread

Question 49

Georgiana is 75 years old.She is very healthy and the only medication she takes is a prescription drug that reduces her stomach's acid production.Her diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups.Based on this information,Georgiana is at risk of developing ________.

A)nerve damage
B)diabetes
C)beriberi
D)pellagra

Question 50

Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables.She bruises easily,her sores take a long time to heal, and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth.Based on this information,which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet?

A)Vitamin C
B)Vitamin B-6
C)Vitamin B-12
D)Folate

Question 51

________ is important for fatty acid metabolism.

A)Carnitine
B)Choline
C)Taurine
D)Lipoic acid

Question 52

Which of the following is a component of lecithin,an emulsifier found in egg yolks?

A)Choline
B)Carnitine
C)Inositol
D)Taurine

Question 53

Charcoal-broiled meats may be a source of ________.

A)dietary fiber
B)vitamin C
C)heterocyclic amines
D)statins

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of a potential carcinogen?

A)Omega-3 fatty acids
B)Whole wheat bread
C)Whole milk
D)Alcohol

Question 55

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia.What treatment would her doctor recommend?

A)Iron supplements
B)Vitamin B-12 injections
C)Vitamin C supplements
D)A vegan diet

Question 56

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

A)Salmon
B)Peanuts
C)Sunflower seeds
D)Carrots

Question 57

Which vitamins are important as methyl donors in homocysteine metabolism?

A)Folate and vitamin B-12
B)Vitamin A and folate
C)Vitamin B-6 and vitamin C
D)Vitamin B-12 and biotin

Question 58

Mia lacks sufficient amounts of intrinsic factor.  As such,she is at risk for ________.

A)anemia
B)cystic fibrosis
C)osteomalacia
D)scurvy

Question 59

As a vegan,Sanako is at the greatest risk for a ________ deficiency.

A)vitamin B-12
B)folate
C)vitamin C
D)niacin

Question 60

Blake is a college student whose diet consists primarily of enriched white bread,chicken,meat,cheese,yogurt,and milk.Furthermore,he doesn't take dietary supplements.Based on this information,Blake has a high risk of developing ________.

A)beriberi
B)scurvy
C)pellagra
D)neural tube defects

Question 61

Felipe wants to lower his risk of cancer.According to scientific studies,consuming ________ may increase his risk of this chronic disease.

A)brussels sprouts
B)onions
C)citrus fruit
D)processed meats

Question 62

Which of the following is not a vitamin-like compound?

A)Pantothenic acid
B)Choline
C)Lipoic acid
D)Inositol

Question 63

Riboflavin is a component of flavin mononucleotide,a coenzyme that plays a key role in several enzymatic reactions.

Question 64

Geoff wants to lower his risk of cancer.According to scientific studies,consuming ________ may decrease his risk of this chronic disease.

A)dark beer
B)charcoal-grilled meat
C)fresh fruits and vegetables
D)margarine

Question 65

Thiamin is a component of flavin mononucleotide,which cells need to synthesize neurotransmitters.

Question 66

________ are considered cancerous tumors.

A)Malignant tumors
B)Benign tumors
C)Malignant and benign tumors

Question 67

The thiamin-deficiency disease is known as ________.

A)beriberi
B)rickets
C)pellagra
D)Dengue fever

Question 68

People are likely to develop pellagra when they consume diets that are low in niacin and animal protein.

Question 69

Choline is necessary for the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine involved in muscle contraction,memory,and learning.

Question 70

The riboflavin deficiency disease is known as ________.

A)ariboflavinosis
B)anencephaly
C)scoliosis
D)spina bifida

Question 71

A carcinogen is any environmental factor such as asbestos,tobacco smoke,radiation,or a virus that triggers cancer.

Question 72

Riboflavin is a component of flavin adenine dinucleotide,a coenzyme that plays a key role in several enzymatic reactions.

Question 73

The body can make choline,which is classified as a vitamin-like substance.

Question 74

Which of the following practices is associated with an increased risk of cancer?

A)Consuming a diet high in fiber
B)Consuming a diet high in processed meats
C)Being physically active
D)Consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Question 75

Which of the following foods contains the most niacin per serving?

A)Beef liver
B)Peanuts
C)White mushrooms
D)Turkey roast

Question 76

Having excess body fat increases the risk of ________.

A)pellagra
B)cystic fibrosis
C)scurvy
D)breast cancer

Question 77

To reduce the risk of stroke in patients who cannot tolerate statins,physicians may prescribe megadoses of niacin supplements to reduce the elevated LDL cholesterol level in their blood.

Question 78

Niacin is needed to make coenzyme A.

Question 79

It is not necessary for humans to consume sources of water-soluble vitamins daily,because most of them are stored in the liver.

Question 80

Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin?

A)Vitamin K
B)Vitamin B-12
C)Folate
D)Biotin